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Western Civilization Mock Exam - 2141 Verified Questions

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Western Civilization

Mock Exam

Course Introduction

Western Civilization explores the major political, cultural, intellectual, and social developments that have shaped Europe and the broader Western world from ancient times to the present. The course examines the foundations of Western thought in Greek and Roman antiquity, the rise of Christianity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Reformation, the Enlightenment, the age of revolutions, and the emergence of modern societies. Students will analyze key historical events, influential figures, and transformative ideas to gain a deeper understanding of how Western traditions and institutions have evolved and impacted global history.

Recommended Textbook

Western Civilization 10th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel

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30 Chapters

2141 Verified Questions

2141 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

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Q1) Punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi

A)were more severe for the lower classes.

B)did not apply to domestic family concerns.

C)stressed reform rather than retribution.

D)were not for the upper class at all.

E)stressed the importance of confession and forgiveness.

Answer: A

Q2) Mesopotamian religion was

A)monotheistic.

B)very simple with few rules and tenets.

C)severely critical of cultures that practiced divination.

D)one in which no one god reigned supreme and deities were closely related to cities.

E)abstract and metaphorical.

Answer: D

Q3) The earliest of the Mesopotamian empires was founded by Gilgamesh.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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3

Chapter 2: The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

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Q1) Nebuchadnezzar II accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the revision of the Persian law code.

B)rebuilding Babylon.

C)defeating the Assyrians.

D)building the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

E)destroying Judah and carrying the population into exile.

Answer: A

Q2) All of the following helped make Assyria an efficient military machine EXCEPT for A)iron weapons.

B)terrorist actions.

C)humane treatment of prisoners.

D)superior, diversified tactics.

E)ruthless leaders.

Answer: C

Q3) The Greeks and the Romans, Indo-European speakers, derived their alphabet from the Semitic-speaking Phoenicians.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 3: The Civilization of the Greeks

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Q1) Tyranny in the Greek polis arose as

A)the religious beliefs of the Greeks collapsed.

B)the result of foreign invasion, mainly the Persians under Darius.

C)the response to the cry for strong leadership from the established aristocratic oligarchies.

D)a reaction to aristocratic power and a widening gulf between the rich and the poor.

E)the people became complacent due to the egalitarian nature of Greek society.

Answer: D

Q2) Socrates was condemned to death for

A)leading a political coup attempt.

B)corrupting the youth of Athens.

C)opposing the Peloponnesian War.

D)killing one of his followers in a rage.

E)marrying his cousin and committing bigamy.

Answer: B

Q3) The first of the great writers of tragedy whose plays survived was Aeschylus.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World

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Q1) Slavery was viewed as abnormal throughout the Hellenistic world.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Seleucus was especially active in founding new cities after Alexander's death.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Why did Alexander of Macedonia's empire not last beyond his lifetime?

Q4) The Alexandrian scholar Euclid's most famous achievement was

A)systematizing the study of geometry.

B)calculating the earth's circumference.

C)formulating and synthesizing the predominant elements in military science.

D)transferring the capital of Hellenistic science from Athens to Alexandria.

E)inventing the Archimedean screw.

Q5) Did women's lives improve during the Hellenistic Era? Why or why not?

Q6) Alexander of Macedonia personally killed the Persian king Darius III soon after the Battle of Guagamela.

A)True

B)False

Q7) To what extent was Hellenistic civilization a hybrid of the cultures of various Greek poleis and traditions from farther east?

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Chapter 5: The Roman Republic

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Q1) Imperium was

A)the duties which Roman citizens owed to the gods.

B)the power to command Roman citizens.

C)the right to collect taxes.

D)the privileges reserved to patricians.

E)the name of Roman children's favorite board game.

Q2) As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as A)consuls.

B)quaestors.

C)colonnae.

D)proconsuls and propraetors.

E)tribunes.

Q3) It has been said that Roman culture was not very original, only a copy of the Greek.Prove or disprove this idea.

Q4) The Second Punic War marked Rome's only serious defeat during the Republic. A)True B)False

Q5) What social and economic problems plagued the late Roman Republic and led to its decline?

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Chapter 6: The Roman Empire

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Q1) Scientific medicine entered the Roman world at

A)the beginning of the Republic.

B)the end of the reign of Octavian.

C)the beginning of the Christian era.

D)the end of the third century B.C.E.

E)the behest of Julius Caesar.

Q2) Under the rule of Augustus, the Roman Empire

A)was a principate, with Augustus acting as an equal co-ruler with the Senate.

B)returned to its traditional republic institutions.

C)turned towards an absolute monarchy, with the princeps overshadowing the Senate.

D)experienced a series of civil wars, making Augustus unpopular among the citizenry.

E)became an oligarchy, with political power increasingly concentrated in the hands of the Senate.

Q3) How does the literature of the late Republic, the Augustan Age, and the Early Empire reflect the political problems of each period?

Q4) How and why did the teachings of Christianity pose a challenge traditional Roman attitudes, values, and lifestyles?

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Chapter 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

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Q1) Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

A)creating the Papal States.

B)recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy.

C)supporting the work of Christian missionaries in England.

D)writing The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.

E)becoming Bishop of Rome.

Q2) The "Apostle to the Germans" and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eighth century was

A)Gregory the Great.

B)Augustine.

C)Jerome.

D)Benedict.

E)Boniface.

Q3) The primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe was

A)the imperial army.

B)monasticism.

C)bribery.

D)his oratory.

E)the eastern Empire.

Page 9

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Chapter 8: European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

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Sample Questions

Q1) A vassal's primary loyalty was to the local church bishop rather than his secular lord.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In the early Middle Ages,

A)a large population was sustained by a thriving trading economy.

B)a small population subsisted on a limited agricultural economy.

C)a large population relied on an expanding agricultural economy.

D)a small population lived primary in cities.

E)a large population experienced economic surplus and high life expectancy.

Q3) Was European civilization from 750 to 1000 characterized more by continuity or change?

Q4) The first Frankish king to be anointed in holy ceremony by an agent of the pope was A)Zacharias.

B)Charlemagne.

C)Charles Martel.

D)Pepin.

E)Louis the Pious.

Q5) How did Viking raids and settlements impact the development of medieval Europe?

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Chapter 9: The Recovery and Growth of European Society

in the High Middle Ages

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Q1) The dominant style of church architecture in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was A)Gothic.

B)Baroque.

C)Romanesque.

D)Naturalistic.

E)Greco-Roman.

Q2) The most important six-times-a-year trade fair during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was sponsored by the counts of A)Languedoc.

B)Provence.

C)Gascony.

D)Champagne.

E)Flanders.

Q3) In medieval thought, women were considered

A)equal to men in all things except war.

B)subservient to men and subject to male authority.

C)an equal partner of men in theory, but not in practice.

D)to be made in God's image.

E)superior to men, because the Virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus as God.

Page 11

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Chapter 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

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Sample Questions

Q1) William of Normandy and the Norman Conquest

Q2) The investiture controversy concerned

A)the meaning of the communion sacrament.

B)the nature of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.

C)who could bestow a church position on a man.

D)how church funds would be invested.

E)how popes would be chosen.

Q3) The papacy reached its zenith of power in the thirteenth century during the papacy of

A)Urban II.

B)Pius III.

C)Gregory VII.

D)Boniface VIII.

E)Innocent III.

Q4) The Magna Carta could best be described as

A)a promise to work to develop democratic institutions.

B)an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.

C)a guarantee of religious freedom for all Englishmen.

D)a guarantee of civil rights for all Englishmen.

E)the first feminist legislation of King John's reign.

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Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the

Fourteenth Century

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Sample Questions

Q1) Pogroms were

A)religious ceremonies convened to ask for God's help against the plague.

B)special indulgences granted to those infected with the plague.

C)organized massacres against the Jews.

D)the name given to people believed to be responsible for the Black Death.

E)mysterious sites where people could go to miraculously recover from the plague.

Q2) The term ars moriendi means

A)the art of dying.

B)the beauty of death.

C)the triumph of life.

D)the art of living well

E)the divine artist

Q3) The Italian condottieri were

A)political leaders supporting the pope.

B)bankers with branch banks throughout much of Western Europe.

C)merchants working in northern Europe.

D)reformers within the Catholic Church.

E)leaders of mercenary bands, occasionally ruling as military dictators.

Q4) What led to the papacy's decline during the fourteenth century?

Page 13

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Chapter 12: Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

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Q1) Unlike fellow Northern artist Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Dürer was not influenced by Italian artists.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

A)contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.

B)was for all segments of society, rich and poor.

C)advocated concentration on science and research, not rhetoric and verbal skills.

D)almost entirely excluded Christian teachings.

E)was designed to achieve political success as the paramount goal of an educated man.

Q3) The Medicis dominated the politics of Florence in the fifteenth century.

A)True

B)False

Q4) What were the new ideologies in the Renaissance that possibly weakened the primacy of religion and of the Catholic Church?

Q5) How did the artistic Renaissance differ in Italy and northern Europe?

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Chapter 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the

Sixteenth Century

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Q1) The Peace of Augsburg brought an end to A)the Peasants' War.

B)the Habsburg-Valois Wars.

C)Charles V's war with the Schmalkaldic League.

D)war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Turks.

E)the conflict between Luther and Zwingli.

Q2) England's break with the Roman church became official with the passage of the A)Act of Union.

B)Six Articles.

C)Act of Toleration.

D)Act of Succession.

E)Act of Supremacy.

Q3) Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in A)England.

B)France.

C)Italy.

D)Spain.

E)Scandinavia.

Q4) What role did politics play in the expansion of Lutheranism in Germany and Scandinavia?

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1500-1800

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Q1) Jesuit missionaries had their greatest and most enduring success in the conversion of Japan to Christianity.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from A)silver.

B)copper.

C)pepper.

D)precious stones.

E)African slaves.

Q3) The man who established the first school for mariners was

A)King Henry II of France.

B)Prince Henry of Portugal.

C)King Henry VIII of England.

D)Prince Henry of Orange in the Netherlands.

E)Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.

Q4) The word Inca means "chief priest."

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the

Seventeenth Century

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Q1) Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The Habsburg emperor was

A)archduke of Austria.

B)king of Bohemia.

C)king of Hungary.

D)Holy Roman Emperor.

E)All of these are correct.

Q3) Jacques Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

A)rejected as ungodly Louis XIV's system of absolute rule.

B)was the fundamental seventeenth-century statement of divine-right monarchy.

C)stressed that a limited monarchy with representative bodies was the most divine form of human government.

D)claimed that a king's authority and power were revocable under the law of God.

E)justified a "holy republic."

Q4) Why were women the prevalent victims of Europe's witch craze?

Q5) Compare and contrast the reigns of Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia and Peter the Great of Russia.How are their policies similar? How are they different?

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Q1) Why is Descartes considered "the founder of modern rationalism," and how and why did rationalism influence the Western view of humankind?

Q2) Copernicus's major book was titled

A)On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

B)Novum Organum.

C)Principia.

D)On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.

E)The Great Instauration.

Q3) All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT

A)the practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth-century universities.

B)mathematical and naturalistic skills of Renaissance artists.

C)the Hermetic belief in magic and alchemy.

D)the humanists' rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers.

E)the inspired work of a few intellectuals.

Q4) Galileo is credited with the invention of calculus.

A)True

B)False

Page 18

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Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

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Q1) The eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religion practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.

A)True

B)False

Q2) What were the major ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? In what ways were Rousseau's ideas unique, differing from those of his predecessors?

Q3) Published travel accounts of different cultures

A)presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans.

B)saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage."

C)led to the development of cultural relativism.

D)resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine.

E)All of these are correct.

Q4) Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?

Q5) How do the art and literature of the eighteenth century reflect the political and social life of the period?

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Chapter 18: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

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Q1) Compare and contrast the development of the two Atlantic seaboard states of France and Great Britain during the eighteenth-century.How were they alike? How were they different?

Q2) The European peasantry in the eighteenth century

A)comprised nearly half of Europe's population.

B)was free from serfdom in all countries by 1789.

C)often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners.

D)benefited the most in southern Italy and eastern Germany.

E)disappeared in England because of the Industrial Revolution.

Q3) France in the eighteenth century

A)thrived under the strong leadership of Louis XV and Louis XVI.

B)suffered from severe economic depression throughout the century.

C)was torn apart by a series of civil wars.

D)lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt.

E)brought back the Estates General during the reign of Louis XV.

Q4) What grievances prompted the Seven Years' War? Which powers gained the most from the conflict, and which powers emerged weakened?

Q5) Why did the governments of Europe develop in such radically different ways during the eighteenth century, particularly when comparing east to west?

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Chapter 19: A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution

and Napoleon

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Q1) The Bastille was a royal prison containing more than 300 prisoners in July 1789 when it was attacked by a Parisian mob.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The head of the Committee of Public Safety who presided over the terror in France in 1793 and 1794 was

A)Babeuf.

B)Sieyès

C)Robespierre.

D)Marat.

E)Saint-Just.

Q3) Prior to the revolution in France, the peasants constituted between 75 and 80 percent of the population and owned about 35 to 40 percent of the land.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Napoleon's greatest victory was over the Russians and the Austrians in 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar.

A)True

B)False

Page 21

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Chapter 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

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Q1) Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?

A)Arkwright's spinning frame.

B)Hargreaves' spinning jenny.

C)Cartwright's power loom.

D)Compton's mule.

E)All of these are correct.

Q2) The early center of American industrialization was

A)the South.

B)the Midwest.

C)the Northwest.

D)the Northeast.

E)All of these are correct.

Q3) The water frame spinning machine was invented by

A)James Hargreaves.

B)James Watts.

C)Benjamin Franklin.

D)Richard Arkwright.

E)Matthew Boulton.

Q4) What attitudes and lifestyle defined the new industrial middle class?

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Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,

1815-1850

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Q1) In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

A)wrote in support of the French Revolution

B)suggested the importance of spreading revolution throughout Europe.

C)suggested that sudden change was an important means of renewing society.

D)condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.

E)argued against the idea that the state should be considered a partnership agreement.

Q2) The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

A)José de San Martín.

B)Simón Bolívar.

C)Guillermo Pelgrón.

D)Simón Carreño.

E)Pancho Villa.

Q3) What similarities do the revolutions of Latin America have with the revolutions of Europe during the early to middle decades of the nineteenth century? How did they differ?

Q4) Did the goals of the Congress of Vienna attempt to reassert old traditions or to create a new idea of order for Europe?

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Chapter 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

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Q1) Vera Zasulich's successful use of violence against the tsarist regime in Russia led

A)Karl Marx to write positively about the role of women in revolution.

B)to her public denunciation by the reform group Land and Freedom.

C)to her execution as a traitor.

D)to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II by radicals known as the People's Will.

E)to her exile to Great Britain.

Q2) What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that Continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did Continental industrialization differ from that of Britain?

Q3) The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was

A)Brahms.

B)Beethoven.

C)Liszt.

D)Mozart.

E)Wagner.

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Chapter 23: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

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Q1) In a cartel

A)a vertically integrated company worked to monopolize all business in its industry.

B)independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.

C)independent associations of grocers cooperated to artificially drive down prices.

D)private militias orchestrated intelligence gathering to diminish the police powers of modern nation states.

E)dependent enterprises worked with an overseeing organization to lower tariffs.

Q2) Between 1850 and 1910, European population

A)increased from 270 million to 460 million.

B)actually decreased slightly.

C)increased from 140 to 190 million.

D)stagnated, causing severe problems for the development of leisure industries.

E)declined significantly because of the pollution engendered by increasing urbanization.

Q3) How were the promises and problems of the new mass society reflected in education and leisure?

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1894-1914

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Q1) Maria Montessori exemplifies the "new woman" of modern times in that A)she became a leading advocate of the vote for women.

B)she entered Italian politics as a liberal.

C)she created the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom.

D)she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.

E)she was the first professional woman who received equal pay for equal work.

Q2) The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the A)structure of stars.

B)accepted medieval theories of chemical reaction.

C)subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.

D)safe transmission of electrical energy for powering modern economies.

E)the electro-dynamics of moving bodies.

Q3) Friedrich Nietzsche proclaimed that democracy and Christianity together could triumph where great men and science had failed.

A)True

B)False

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War and Revolution

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Q1) Most Europeans believed that the Great War would

A)be much like the American Civil War in length.

B)be an exciting, emotional release from the otherwise dull and boring existence of mass society.

C)last for years and create a rousing state of perpetual heroics as proclaimed by Nietzsche in his writings on the "superman."

D)ultimately bring about the unification of Europe in one centralized and highly militarized government.

E)result in a new balance of power throughout all of Western civilization.

Q2) The entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917

A)gave the nearly-defeated Allied Powers a psychological boost.

B)was greatly feared by the German naval staff.

C)was a response to Turkey's entrance into the war on the side of the Central Powers.

D)put an end to Germany's use of unlimited submarine warfare.

E)was an attempt to keep Russia in the war after the February Revolution.

Q3) Why did the nations of Europe go to war in 1914? What did they hope to gain from the conflict, and how did their goals change during the course of the war?

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Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between

the Wars 1919-1939

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Q1) Compare and contrast the Stalinist with the Bolshevik state established after the Russian Revolution in 1917.How and why did economic, social, and political policies change over time?

Q2) The totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

A)pursued vastly different foreign policies.

B)held each other in disdain.

C)hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives.

D)retained power due to the charisma of their leaders.

E)established a formal alliance directed against laissez-faire liberal capitalism.

Q3) Turkish forces created a new republic of Turkey in 1923 under the leadership of General Mustafa Kemal.

A)True

B)False

Q4) James Joyce's famous novel featuring "stream-of-consciousness" was

A)Ulysses

B)Steppenwolf.

C)Mrs.Dalloway.

D)Jacob's Room.

E)Demian.

Page 28

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Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World

War II

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Sample Questions

Q1) A major source of resistance to the Nazis came from

A)the German people, who became effective at internal sabotage of Nazi plans.

B)Communists throughout Europe, especially after the German invasion of Russia in 1941.

C)the Vichy regime in France.

D)the Austrians, who felt that they should be the leaders of the Aryan race in Europe.

E)escapees from the internment camps who organized resistance movements against the Germans.

Q2) Allied bombing raids on German civilians

A)contrary to expectations, produced stubborn resistance from the German people.

B)destroyed the average German's will to fight.

C)were only done to retaliate for German bombing.

D)occurred mostly by accident when bombing strategic targets.

E)never occurred.

Q3) The policy adopted by Neville Chamberlain at Munich in 1938 in response to Hitler's demand for Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland is known as "appeasement."

A)True

B)False

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Page 29

Chapter 28: Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

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70 Verified Questions

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Q1) What were the major political developments in the history of the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1970? How did Soviet policies affect the history of Eastern Europe?

Q2) Despite World War II's devastating impact on the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, Europe's industrial and agricultural output was 30 percent higher than prewar levels by A)1947.

B)1950.

C)1953.

D)1956.

E)1960.

Q3) The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was A)containment.

B)détente.

C)MAD (mutually assured destruction).

D)massive retaliation.

E)All of these are correct.

Q4) How and why did the Cold War in Europe differ from the Cold War in Asia?

Q5) In what ways were Khrushchev's policies a departure from those of Stalin?

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Chapter 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World

1965-1985

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Q1) The American president who made the decision to bomb North Vietnam and who significantly increased the number of American troops in the Second Vietnam War was A)Dwight Eisenhower.

B)Harry Truman.

C)John Kennedy.

D)Richard Nixon.

E)Lyndon Johnson.

Q2) The "permissive society" is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A)sexual freedom.

B)experimentation with drugs.

C)decriminalization of homosexuality.

D)increasing rates of divorce.

E)declining rates of divorce.

Q3) While the United States experienced economic hardships during the 1970s, European economic growth and good times continued.

A)True

B)False

Q4) What major economic problems and consequences plagued the West during the 1970s?

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Chapter 30: After the Fall: The Western World in a Global

Age Since 1985

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Q1) What is globalization, and what are its potential impacts on the concept of Western civilization?

Q2) What major economic challenges have plagued the West during the 1980s, the 1990s, and the early twenty-first century?

Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of the video game industry?

A)Video game sales have surged as record sales have struggled.

B)Estimated global sales reached $65 billion in 2011.

C)Video games have rejected realism, using abstract images to convey action.

D)Questions have arisen about the role of video games in childhood obesity.

E)Some medical professionals have claimed that gaming can result in addiction.

Q4) The common currency that was initially adopted by eleven member states of the European Union is the A)continental.

B)euro.

C)maastricht.

D)francmark.

E)freipence.

Q5) European debt crisis

Q6) What role has popular culture played in the Western world since 1985?

Q7) What attitudes and actions have determined American foreign policy since 1985? Page 32

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