Western Civilization II
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Western Civilization II explores the major social, political, economic, and cultural developments in Europe and the broader Western world from the mid-17th century to the present. Building on the foundations of earlier periods, this course examines the Enlightenment, revolutions in America and France, the Industrial Revolution, imperialism, the World Wars, the Cold War, and recent global transformations. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of democratic ideals, scientific and technological advancements, the impact of ideologies, and the interconnectedness of Western societies with the rest of the world. Through primary and secondary sources, students analyze the forces that have shaped modern Western identity and continue to influence contemporary global affairs.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) In Calvin's theology, leading a godly life would be evidence that you
A) suffered from overly severe toilet training as a child.
B) have already been chosen to go to heaven.
C) are trying to earn salvation through good works.
D) have been forgiven for your sins through Christ's grace.
E) are a good person.
Answer: B
Q2) The author of Spiritual Exercises, the key work of the Catholic Reformation, was Pope Paul III.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In France, the politiques were
A) heads of various religious and political factions during the civil wars.
B) administrators in provincial towns, appointed by the king.
C) those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion.
D) advisors to Catherine de'Medici.
E) always the chief ministers to the kings.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from the sale of
A) silver.
B) copper.
C) pepper.
D) precious stones.
E) African slaves.
Answer: E
Q2) The European nation that had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo was
A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) the Dutch Republic.
D) Russia.
E) England.
Answer: A
Q3) The first major Portuguese settlement in India was at Calicut.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) Edict of Fontainebleau
Answer: The Edict of Fontainebleau was a royal decree issued by King Louis XIV of France in 1685. This edict revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had granted religious freedom and civil rights to the Protestant Huguenots in France. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was a significant blow to the Huguenot community, as it effectively ended their legal protections and subjected them to persecution and forced conversion to Catholicism.
The Edict of Fontainebleau was part of Louis XIV's efforts to centralize power and promote religious unity in France. It led to the mass exodus of Huguenots from France, as many fled to other countries in search of religious freedom and safety. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes had long-lasting effects on the social, economic, and cultural fabric of France, as it resulted in the loss of skilled and industrious Huguenot craftsmen, merchants, and professionals.
The Edict of Fontainebleau is often seen as a symbol of religious intolerance and persecution in early modern Europe. It remains a controversial and significant event in French history, and its repercussions continue to be studied and debated by historians and scholars.
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Sample Questions
Q1) How was the new scientific knowledge spread in the seventeenth century?
Q2) Galileo wrote
A) nothing of note.
B) a translation of the Bible in Italian.
C) The Starry Messenger.
D) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
E) Principia.
Q3) Unlike Francis Bacon, who argued that humanity's powers were to be used to "conquer nature," Benedict de Spinoza claimed that nature does not exist for human domination because nature and the universe and humanity itself are all part of God.
A)True
B)False
Q4) William Harvey
Q5) Maria Sibylla Merian
Q6) Ptolemaic universe
Q7) What was rationalism? Why is Descartes considered the founder of "modern rationalism"?
Q8) Nicolaus Copernicus
Q9) Margaret Cavendish Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) The eighteenth century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is
A) Bach's St.Matthew's Passion.
B) Haydn's The Seasons.
C) Handel's Messiah.
D) Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro.
E) Wagner's The Ring cycle.
Q2) James Cook's Travels
Q3) The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized was
A) Antoine Watteau.
B) Balthasar Neumann.
C) Madam Geoffrin.
D) Rembrandt.
E) Caspar David Friedrich.
Q4) Samuel Richardson's Pamela
Q5) reason
Q6) Joseph II's Toleration Patent
Q7) Antoine Watteau
Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars,
and Social Change
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Q1) Andrea Palladio was a noted Venetian
A) general.
B) courtier.
C) architect.
D) musician.
E) composer.
Q2) In the War of the Austrian Succession, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria managed to wrest Silesia away from Prussia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) partitions of Poland
Q4) Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed
A) the rise of the masses in politics as advocated by the philosophes.
B) the waning of monarchical power.
C) the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states.
D) "enlightened absolutism" establish its deepest roots in France.
E) a decline in bureaucratic structures and more laissez-faire types of government.
Q5) Maria Theresa
Q6) French-Indian War
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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Q1) The controversy over voting by order versus voting by head in the Estates-General saw
A) the nobles of the robe advocate voting by head.
B) the "lovers of liberty" effectively block voting by head.
C) Abbé Sieyè's call for the expulsion of the Third Estate from the Estates-General.
D) the Third Estate joining the Second Estate in abolished the First Estate of the clergy.
E) the Third Estate respond by forming a "National Assembly."
Q2) All of the following were accomplished by the National/Constituent Assembly except the
A) Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
B) Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
C) legal defense of seigneurial rights throughout the country.
D) reform of French voting procedures.
E) abolishment of divine right monarchy.
Q3) How did the French Revolution affect the roles of women in society? Did the Revolution and its consequences ultimately benefit or hurt female citizens? Did men win more out of this event than women? Why?
Q4) Napoleon Bonaparte
Page 11
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) The Chartists in England wanted to A) break machines and burn factories.
B) make Parliament more democratic.
C) overthrow capitalism through revolution.
D) chart the expenditures of government money.
E) strengthen labor unions.
Q2) The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in
A) increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
B) increasing the size of markets and the price of goods.
C) bringing about the demise of joint-stock companies.
D) defeating Napoleon.
E) making London a great port city.
Q3) working class
Q4) Richard Arkwright's water frame
Q5) To keep their industrial monopoly, Britain attempted to A) export fewer goods to continental countries.
B) prohibit industrial artisans from going abroad.
C) limit financial investment overseas.
D) increase tariffs to keep out foreign manufactured goods.
E) permanently dismantle its empire.
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) Which of the following were major themes/subjects of Romantic artists?
A) portraits
B) Madonnas and religious scenes
C) landscapes and depictions of nature
D) scenes from aristocratic family life
E) urban scenes.
Q2) The Polish national uprising of 1830 was crushed by A) France.
B) Prussia.
C) Austria.
D) Russia.
E) Britain.
Q3) Congress of Vienna
Q4) The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in
A) the continued rule of Louis-Philippe but with radical reforms.
B) new elections to the national Assembly, resulting in the dominance of the radical republicans.
C) Europe's first socialist state under the guidance of Blanc's workshops.
D) a new French empire under Louis Napoleon.
E) the triumph of the Paris Commune.
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Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) Baron Haussmann and Paris
Q2) Charles Darwin
Q3) Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts
Q4) Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was
A) the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B) the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C) a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D) the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E) the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.
Q5) The Crimean War was caused primarily by the Ottoman Empire's attempt to destroy the Christian holy places in Jerusalem and Palestine.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Marx's Das Kapital
Q7) Dominion of Canada
Q8) Ausgleich
Q9) Franco-Prussian War
Page 14
Q10) Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone
Q11) Florence Nightingale
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Page 15
Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Q1) The mass society of the late nineteenth century primarily benefited the middle classes, with the lower classes reaping few if any rewards.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to A) the elimination of trade restrictions like tariffs.
B) a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations.
C) greater economic instability and a sequence of ever deeper economic depressions.
D) closer economic cooperation among the great powers.
E) greater investment by the United States in the European economy.
Q3) France's Third Republic
Q4) the Commune
Q5) cartels
Q6) Marxist "revisionism"
Q7) Jean Jaures
Q8) the Football Association and National and American Leagues
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Chapter 12: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914
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Q1) The Boer War was fought by the British in A) Australia.
B) China.
C) Zimbabwe.
D) Botswana.
E) South Africa.
Q2) the Pankhursts and the "suffragettes"
Q3) Social Darwinism was
A) applying the ideas of Darwin to society.
B) an effort to explain the problems of society by psychological means.
C) an explanation, sociologically, of Darwin's biological ideas.
D) advocated by Nietzsche.
E) condemned by Freud.
Q4) In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious is known as
A) self-gratification.
B) neural dysfunction.
C) animal drives.
D) repression.
E) id erasure.
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Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) Alexandra Kollontai and the Zhenotdel
Q2) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Q3) Hindenburg and Ludendorf
Q4) In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of
A) the Untied States.
B) Italy.
C) France.
D) Russia.
E) Germany.
Q5) the machine gun and poison gas
Q6) Second Battle of the Marne
Q7) Petrograd
Q8) V.I.Lenin
A) was a central figure in the establishment of a provisional government. B) denounced the use of revolutionary violence in his "April Theses."
C) with strong middle-class support, led the formation of a new, democratic labor party. D) remained in neutral Switzerland until the Armistice was signed. E) as a leader of the Bolsheviks, promised "peace, land, and bread."
Q9) V.I.Lenin Page 18
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Page 19
Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Q1) The first Popular Front government in France
A) solved the depression by eliminating workers' benefits.
B) gave ordinary workers new rights and benefits including a minimum wage.
C) was able to end the problems of economic depression.
D) collapsed in 1926, allowing Raymond Poincaré's Cartel of the Left to take power.
E) remained in power until the German invasion of 1942.
Q2) "Woman into the home"
Q3) The institutional framework of Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship
A) lacked a secret police force.
B) included highly popular and well attended Fascists youth organizations.
C) was primarily aimed at aiding the workers and peasants.
D) never created the degree of totalitarian control found in Russia and Germany in the 1930s.
E) was the most successful of the authoritarian states that appeared in Europe in the interwar years.
Q4) Mein Kampf
Q5) Dadaism
Q6) "war communism"
Q7) Hitler Jugend
Page 20
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Q1) The Nationalist leader of China in the 1930s was
A) Mao Tse-tung.
B) Chiang Kai-shek.
C) Deng Xiaoping.
D) Hu Jintao.
E) Sun Yat-sen.
Q2) Albert Speer
Q3) The turning point of the North African campaign came
A) at El Alamein where the British stopped Rommel in the summer of 1942.
B) when South African troops crossed the Sahara and overwhelmed Rommel.
C) with the revolt of the Vichy French in North Africa.
D) when the Italians joined the Allied cause in 1942.
E) when Cairo and the Suez Canal were recaptured by the British and the Americans.
Q4) Who bears responsibility for the enactment of the "Final Solution"?
Q5) "phony war"
Q6) bushido and kamikaze
Q7) Winston Churchill
Q8) Munich Conference
Q9) Einsatzgruppen
Page 21
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Page 22
Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Q1) The Communist military response to the formation of NATO was the
A) Moscow Alliance.
B) Warsaw Pact.
C) Eastern European Community.
D) Stalin Plan.
E) European Economic Community.
Q2) The social structure of the postwar European society has been greatly affected by a dramatic increase in the number of
A) industrial workers.
B) rural, agricultural laborers.
C) government workers.
D) military personnel.
E) white-collar management and administrative personnel.
Q3) Bay of Pigs
Q4) the birth-control pill
Q5) Hungarian uprising
Q6) apartheid
Q7) Stalinization and deStalinization
Q8) Warsaw Pact
Q9) Warsaw Pact
Page 23
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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Q1) permissive society
Q2) In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan predicted that the scenario for the future would be
A) a clash of civilizations.
B) a global village.
C) the end of "history".
D) the victory for liberal democracy.
E) an age of terrorism.
Q3) The Soviet Union under Leonid Brezhnev
A) was completely shut off from Western influences.
B) stressed worker incentives and increased efficiency in industrial production.
C) saw heavy industry decline with improvement in agriculture.
D) threatened to go to war against the People's Republic of China.
E) was relatively stable, although it threatened Soviet intervention when socialism was threatened in eastern European nations.
Q4) Between 1965 and 1985, did new technologies and new scientific discoveries do more to benefit or to harm the planet and its inhabitants?
Q5) the space race and Sputnik
Q6) Allen Kaprow and "happenings"
Page 25
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) All of the following led to decline in George W.Bush's popularity by his second term as president except
A) his strong support for environmental programs that were opposed by major business interests.
B) the war in Iraq.
C) tax cuts that primarily benefitted the wealthy.
D) poor handling of the relief efforts after Hurricane Katrina.
E) financial corruption in the Republican Party.
Q2) Under perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev
A) intended to frighten the United States with more military spending.
B) intended to create a more free and open political culture in the USSR.
C) intended to turn all power over to the people.
D) intended to restructure the economic and political systems.
E) intended to do nothing substantial.
Q3) Pan American flight 103
Q4) fall of the Berlin Wall
Q5) What are the basic problems and antagonisms between Serbia and the other countries that once made up Yugoslavia-Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Slovenia? What forces in the post-Cold War world enabled this dangerous and bloody conflict to escalate so terribly?
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