Western Civilization II
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Western Civilization II examines the development of Western society from the seventeenth century to the present, exploring major political, social, economic, and intellectual movements that have shaped the modern world. The course covers significant events such as the Enlightenment, the French and Industrial Revolutions, the rise of nationalism, imperialism, the World Wars, the Cold War era, and contemporary global issues. Through analysis of primary and secondary sources, students gain an understanding of the ideas, institutions, and historical transformations that have influenced Western culture and its global interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Ideas Politics and Society Volume II From 1600 11th Edition by Marvin
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Page 2
Perry
Chapter 1: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State
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Q1) The crucial difference between a parliament and an estates general was
A) a parliament was English; an estates general was French.
B) a parliament was a representative institution; an estates general was a king's council.
C) a parliament could pass laws; an estates general could not.
D) each member in a parliament had one vote; in an estates general, each estate had one vote.
E) each member of a parliament was elected; only some members of an estates general were elected.
Answer: D
Q2) The text refers to which of the following as the most brilliant of Louis XIV's policies?
A) establishing good relations with the church
B) demonstrating the king's magnificence through ritual and architecture
C) dismissal of aristocrats as prominent advisors to the king
D) gaining the confidence and support of the French manufacturers
E) the intendant system
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism
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Q1) René Descartes believed that
A) certainty can be grounded in the conclusion, "I think therefore I am."
B) both the existence of God and nature can be proven by experimentation.
C) matter and spirit cannot be separated.
D) knowledge must be built on tradition and some doctrine.
E) science could be misused and damage nature.
Answer: A
Q2) Galenic traditions of medicine included
A) advancing the Aristotelian viewpoint.
B) concern for balancing the body humors.
C) pursuing bloodletting as a method of healing.
D) using sweating as a remedy.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q3) Central to the practice of modern science is the experimental method of investigation and testing scientific theories.Who were some of the pioneers of experimental method in the Scientific Revolution,and what were their achievements?
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform
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Q1) Which of the following statements was true concerning freedom of expression during the seventeenth century?
A) Even in the Netherlands, those who opposed the Calvinist clergy could be detained without a time limit for release.
B) The publishing industry was still strictly controlled toward the end of the eighteenth century.
C) The liberality professed at Oxford University offered students the chance to express heretical ideas.
D) Those who professed Enlightenment principles hoped for more social freedom but were unwilling to attack political institutions in print.
E) Freedom of expression was practiced only in English-speaking countries.
Answer: A
Q2) Locate and label thehome country of the following: Bayle,Locke,Hume,Montesquieu,Rousseau,Voltaire,Diderot,Beccaria,and Kant.
Answer: I'm sorry, I can't assist with that.
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Chapter 4: The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) Napoleon's term for Britain was
A) "a nation of shopkeepers."
B) "perfidious Albion."
C) "the scrofulous bulldog."
D) "the limey gourmands."
E) "l'infâme incroyable!"
Q2) The political demands of the bourgeoisie included
A) the opening of all positions to people of talent.
B) constitutional monarchy with a parliament.
C) the elimination of waste, inefficiency, and interference with business.
D) freedom of thought, fair trials, and religious tolerance.
E) all of the above
Q3) How was the political program of the Jacobin government in 1792 1794 different from that of the National Assembly in 1789 1791?
Q4) nobles of the robe
Q5) cahiers de doléances
Q6) Bastille
Q7) emigrés
Q8) Committee of Public Safety
Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation
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Q1) The Dutch Republic lacked which of the following preconditions for industrialization?
A) a good transportation system
B) developed capitalist practices
C) natural resources
D) technical know-how
E) highly developed agriculture
Q2) What could newcomers to the working class experience as they came to the city? If life was so difficult in the cities,why did workers continue to go there?
Q3) Which of the following was the most important mid-nineteenth-century innovation that significantly increased funds ready for investment?
A) joint-stock companies
B) limited liability corporations
C) international banks
D) public-private companies
E) insurance companies
Q4) urbanization
Q5) agricultural revolution
Q6) Luddites
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Refer to the ideas of three leading theorists who influenced early nineteenth-century conservative thought.On what premises did they base their arguments about government and society?
Q2) According to the textbook,the romantics' impact on European history included all the following EXCEPT romantics
A) were among the first to see the dehumanization caused by capitalism.
B) introduced a highly charged nonrational component into political life that, in the twentieth century, would contribute to Fascism.
C) shed light on a part of human nature neglected by the Enlightenment.
D) introduced a sensitivity and gentleness into society that prevented further revolution and bloodshed.
E) legitimized the study of human emotion.
Q3) New Harmony
Q4) What were the main characteristics of nineteenth-century socialism,and in what ways did it represent an attempt to address the changes sparked by industrialization? Draw on specific examples of socialist doctrines and figures to support your assessment.
Q5) utilitarianism
Q6) nationalism
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848
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Q1) Why were the revolutions of 1848 unsuccessful?
Q2) What were the legacies of the revolutions of 1848? Who gained,and who lost,and why?
Q3) February Revolution
Q4) Who was the minister in Louis Philippe's government who declared "Get rich,then you can vote" when criticized about the narrow franchise?
A) Lamartine
B) Guizot
C) Ledru-Rollin
D) Michelet
E) Michelin
Q5) national workshops
Q6) The French government whose ouster in 1848 sparked revolutions throughout Europe was run by
A) the ultras who aimed to bring back the Old Regime.
B) moderate monarchists who supported Louis XVIII's Charter.
C) the wealthy bourgeoisie and some aristocrats.
D) neo-Jacobins who worked towards a restoration of the Republic.
E) socialists who tried to make worker cooperative the basis of a new economic order.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism and Social Criticism
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Q1) Explain Marxism and its popularity in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Q2) Critics of Marx point out that
A) economic explanations fall flat in seeking to explain the emergence of modern nationalism.
B) Western workers actually enjoy the highest standard of living in history.
C) the middle class of professional, civil service, employees, and small-business owners defy Marx's prediction that capitalist society would create only the very rich and the very poor.
D) the state in Communist lands grew more powerful and oppressive in the twentieth century, rather than withering away.
E) all of the above
Q3) Mikhail Bakunin's revolutionary tactics involved
A) the organization of the workers into mass political parties.
B) the revolt of all oppressed people, including peasants.
C) revolution "from above" through seizure of the central state apparatus.
D) nonviolent protests and civil disobedience.
E) massive petition drives.
Q4) Communist Manifesto
Q5) dialectical materialism
Q6) natural selection Page 11
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Chapter 9: The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism
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Q1) Nationalism came to appeal to the majority of Europeans by the twentieth century in all the following ways EXCEPT
A) nationalism championed popular myths.
B) conservatives embraced nationalism when it ceased to be overwhelmingly liberal.
C) most Europeans had stopped identifying themselves as Christians by 1900.
D) both the bourgeoisie and the peasantry were attracted by the nationalists' condemnation of Marxism.
E) those that supported a strong state saw nationalism as a means of unifying the people behind the government.
Q2) As a result of the Franco-Prussian War
A) the South German states joined a Prussian-dominated Germany.
B) Napoleon III was captured.
C) Paris suffered a lengthy siege.
D) the German Empire was declared at Versailles.
E) all of the above
Q3) Reich
Q4) Settlement of 1867
Q5) Zollverein
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Chapter 10: The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization
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Q1) Which of the following did governments use to expand their authority and control their citizens during the later nineteenth century?
A) military conscription
B) public education
C) broad taxation
D) nationalism
E) all of the above
Q2) As suffrage was extended to working class males
A) the working classes in Europe organized political parties of their own.
B) the working classes in the United States backed already existing parties.
C) mainstream Marxist parties remained faithful to the goal of a socialist revolution.
D) revisionist Marxist parties argued that the ballot box, not a violent revolution, will end capitalism.
E) all of the above
Q3) ennobled
Q4) Communards
Q5) What were some of the problems associated with urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century?
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Chapter 11: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mahdi
Q2) Non-Western countries that remained independent during the new imperialism and beyond included
A) India and Egypt.
B) Ethiopia.
C) India and Ethiopia.
D) the Philippines and Japan.
E) Algeria and Persia.
Q3) What were the effects of the new imperialism in India? How did the new imperialism alter previously established relations between India and the West?
Q4) Which area was divided by Russia and Britain into spheres of influence at the turn of the twentieth century?
A) Azerbaijan
B) Persia (Iran)
C) India
D) Korea
E) Turkey
Q5) Explain what happened during the Sepoy Mutiny and the Sino-Japanese War.What problems did each pose for the defeated side?
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Chapter 12: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Georges Sorel's ideas may be associated with
A) hope in the proletariat.
B) support of bourgeois values.
C) anti-unionism.
D) intellectual support of the establishment.
E) anarchism.
Q2) Pareto may be associated with which of the following concepts?
A) Even in a so-called democracy, power rests with a few individuals.
B) In the crowd, the individual loses one's identity.
C) Modern man suffers from a "disenchantment of the world."
D) A utopian community in which all are equal and in which all share equally will be possible through education.
E) Western society becomes increasingly rational as it develops.
Q3) Modernist authors and artists rejected
A) the primitive.
B) instability and the mysterious.
C) middle-class, industrial civilization.
D) disorder and irrationalism.
E) none of the above
Q4) nihilism
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Chapter 13: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) The Bosnian crises in 1908 and 1912
A) led Austria and Germany to coordinate battle plans in case conflict between Austria and Serbia involved Russia and France.
B) both resulted in Austria-Hungary's humiliation of Serbia.
C) led to the creation of Albania.
D) were facilitated in part by the weakness of the Ottoman Empire.
E) all of the above
Q2) The greatest challenge to the authority of the Provisional Government came from the
A) remnants of the tsarist autocracy.
B) potential peasant uprisings.
C) Bolsheviks.
D) Mensheviks.
E) army.
Q3) Bolshevism
Q4) Treaty of Versailles
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Chapter 14: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) In the Bolshevik struggle against the Whites
A) the Whites were plagued by internal divisions.
B) the Bolsheviks were unable to gain possession of interior communications.
C) the Whites gained greater popular support.
D) the Germans intervened on behalf ofthe Bolsheviks.
E) the Whites were quickly able to shed theirassociation with the defunct tsarist system.
Q2) Carl J.Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states
A) shared the same ideological aims.
B) drew on vastly different methods to achieve their goals.
C) were a new development, and nothing like them had ever existed.
D) were fundamentally the same as ancient Eastern despotisms, the Roman Empire, Renaissance tyrannies, and absolute monar.
E) were products of scientific theory and irrationalism, devoid of any element that might seem religious.
Q3) What types of economic difficulties faced Italy and Germany before the Fascist takeovers? Was there a radical shift in economic power structure as the Fascists and the Nazis responded to economic concerns when they achieved power?
Q4) New Economic Policy
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Locate and label the homeland of Dada,Franz Kafka,and Leni Riefenstahl.
Q2) Johan Huizinga argues inIn the Shadow of Tomorrow that
A) the tragedy of the age was that not even philosophers and sociologists had understood the problems of modern civilization prior to the war.
B) people need to realize how far the decay of the West has truly progressed.
C) delusion and misconception have been eliminated by the violence of war.
D) "our poor Europe" emerged from the war battered and bruised but still strong in spirit.
E) despite its setbacks, the West still prioritized reason over myth.
Q3) If one follows Thomas Mann's career,one may conclude that he
A) shed his conservatism and embraced liberalism when the consequences of conservative policies became clear in World War I.
B) never regretted his political conservatism when World War I began.
C) supported socialist totalitarianism.
D) saw Nazism as a reversion to the primitive and never abandoned his old-fashioned conservatism.
E) confirmed the observation that a young person who is not a socialist has no heart and an old person who is still a socialist has no brains.
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Page 19
Chapter 16: World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) New Order
Q2) There were significant signs of instability in continental Europe during the 1930s.What were some of these signs?
Q3) The Vichy government of France led by Marshall Pétain,a war hero from World WarI
A) had no real domestic support base.
B) was dominated by Communists.
C) had the support of many French who were anti-democratic, anti-Marxist, and anti-Semitic.
D) relied largely on support in the city of Paris.
E) did not actively cooperate with the Nazis.
Q4) Explain the basic foreign policy views of Britain,France,and the United States toward Germany in the 1920s.
Q5) Sudetenland
Q6) In regards to Nazi racial policies during the war,Germans
A) in the army were quite devoted to their realization.
B) deliberately starved to death over 3 million captive Soviet soldiers.
C) attempted to reduce entire populations to servants.
D) treated the "subhuman" Slav (Poles, Russians, etc.) with particular brutality.
E) all of the above
Page 20
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Chapter 17: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) In what ways did the Cold War,decolonization,and European unity all fundamentally alter the traditions of Western Civilization?
Q2) At the end of the war in 1945,Germany's
A) economy and cities lay in ruin.
B) political unity was shattered by its division among occupying powers.
C) territory was substantially reduced.
D) independence was suspended.
E) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following fought a bloody war against Pakistan for independence?
A) Bangladesh
B) Laos
C) Burma
D) Sri Lanka
E) all of the above
Q4) Choose two of the following countries and explain the nature of problems facing each of them in the postwar era: France,Great Britain,Italy,and West Germany.
Q5) Warsaw Pact
Q6) ICBMs
Q7) perestroika and glasnost
21
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Chapter 18: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Euroskeptics
Q2) Europeanization
Q3) The controversy over the rise of Muslim immigration into the Europe has involved
A) potential clashes between democracy and traditional Islamic values.
B) the high rate of dependency on social welfare among Muslims.
C) demands that some Muslims give up cultural traditions surrounding marriage and the treatment of women.
D) concerns over rising crime rates among Muslim men.
E) all of the above
Q4) What prompted the American invasion of Afghanistan?
A) a fear that the Taliban were on the verge of developing a nuclear weapon
B) a fear that the Taliban possessed a stock of chemical weapons
C) the Taliban's refusal to surrender Osama bin Laden
D) to prevent the Afghans from invading Pakistan
E) the need to secure oil supplies
Q5) extreme poverty
Q6) globalization
Q7) Compare and contrastthe recent rise of anti-Semitism in Europe with historic anti-Semitism.
Page 22
Q8) What issues and people have shaped Britain's government since 1990?
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