Western Civilization II Exam Review
Course
Introduction
Western Civilization II explores the development of Western societies from the late Middle Ages to the present. The course examines significant political, economic, cultural, and intellectual transformations that have shaped the modern Western world, including the Renaissance and Reformation, the Enlightenment, the French and Industrial Revolutions, nationalism, imperialism, the world wars, the Cold War, and globalization. Through analysis of primary and secondary sources, students gain a deeper understanding of the forces and events that influenced the emergence of contemporary Western civilization, as well as its global impact and ongoing challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 9th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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17 Chapters
1261 Verified Questions
1261 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calvin placed considerable emphasis on the absolute sovereignty of God.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What was the focus of Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church?
A)He attacked the sacramental system of the church.
B)He outlined the doctrine of Luther in German.
C)He explained the Lutheran liturgy.
D)He attacked abuses of the Catholic clergy in north Africa.
E)He justified transubstantiation.
Answer: A
Q3) What development brought about an end to the religious warfare plaguing Germany in the mid-sixteenth century?
A)The Battle of Mühlberg
B)The Battle of Mohács
C)The Peace of Augsburg
D)The Diet of Augsburg
E)The Peace of Geneva
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Europe and the World: New Encounters
1500-1800
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which city was the financial center of seventeenth-century Europe?
A)Paris
B)London
C)Rome
D)Vienna
E)Amsterdam
Answer: E
Q2) What was the West Indies' most important export?
A)Cotton
B)Tobacco
C)Sugar
D)Gold
E)Salt
Answer: C
Q3) The Dutch in Southeast Asia were supplanted by the Portuguese.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The object of Peter the Great's domestic reforms was to make Russia
A)a military power.
B)democratic.
C)egalitarian.
D)an Asian monarchy.
E)a wholly agrarian nation.
Answer: A
Q2) What is a component of the Baroque style of art?
A)Somber colors
B)Rich ornamentation
C)A lack of emotion
D)Purely secular subjects
E)Calvinist sentiments
Answer: B
Q3) The Thirty Years' War hit Germany hardest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most French philosophes came from the lower orders of society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mary Wollstonecraft is viewed by many as the founder of European feminism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast baroque and Rococo art and architecture.
Q4) What best describes the European legal system by the end of the eighteenth century?
A)There was a movement away from imprisonment and toward capital punishment.
B)Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline.
C)Criminal punishments became crueler as violent crimes increased.
D)The death penalty was abolished in western Europe.
E)Virtually all crimes were punished with a fine.
Q5) More than 90 percent of Europe's Catholic population went to Mass on Easter Sunday.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Who were the philosophes? What common characteristics did they have?
Q7) To what extent did "high culture" and "popular culture" influence one another? Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: European States
International Wars and Social Change
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was a special legal privilege held by the European nobility?
A)Trial by peers
B)Immunity from military service
C)A personal army for protection
D)Safeguards from poverty
E)Immunity from any form of prosecution
Q2) What were the causes and consequences of the Seven Years' War? Could it have been avoided? Why or why not?
Q3) According to Enlightenment thinkers, what were the fundamental privileges that must not be withheld from any person?
A)Common laws
B)Noble duties
C)Natural rights
D)Basic laws
E)Human obligations
Q4) What explains the relatively rapid growth of the Europe's population in the eighteenth century?
Q5) What role did the nobility play in European politics in the eighteenth century?
Page 8
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Chapter 6: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and
Napoleon
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways did Napoleon's policies repudiate the accomplishments of the French Revolution? In what ways did his policies strengthen the accomplishments of the French Revolution?
Q2) How did the French revolutionary government deal with the issue of slavery?
Q3) What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guarantee?
A)Free or affordable food for the poor
B)Equality under the law for all French men
C)Equality under the law for all French men and women
D)Equality for all regardless of race
E)The right to vote for all French men
Q4) Which group comprised the largest segment of the Third Estate?
A)Skilled artisans
B)Merchants
C)Peasants
D)Professionals
E)Soldiers
Q5) What were the most important weaknesses of Napoleon's empire?
Page 9
Q6) Was the American War of Independence truly revolutionary? Explain.
Q7) What conditions facilitated Napoleon's rise to power?
Q8) What role did nationalism play in the fall of Napoleon?
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Page 10
Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the new factory system, workers - many of whom were formerly agricultural laborers - had to adjust to
A)urban environments.
B)taking orders from a boss.
C)standing on their feet all day.
D)working specific, regular hours.
E)being cooped up indoors.
Q2) child labor
Q3) canals
Q4) For which invention, vital to the Industrial Revolution, is James Watt known?
A)The spinning jenny
B)The mule-powered Newcomen engine
C)A rotary steam engine that could drive factory machines
D)The first steam-powered locomotive
E)The power loom
Q5) Ireland and the potato
Q6) the Poor Law of 1834
Q7) interchangeable parts
Q8) Industrial Revolution Page 11
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Page 12
Chapter 8: Reaction Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did economic factors shape the development of Latin America after the revolutions of the early nineteenth century?
Q2) Whose presidency opened up a new age of democratic politics?
A)Thomas Jefferson
B)Andrew Jackson
C)James Monroe
D)James Madison
E)Abraham Lincoln
Q3) Which two American political parties debated the power of the federal government in the late eighteenth century?
A)Republicans and Democrats
B)Democrats and Whigs
C)Whigs and Tories
D)Federalists and Republicans
E)Republicans and Whigs
Q4) The Concert of Europe was meant to serve the interests of conservative forces in Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?
Page 13
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Chapter 9: An Age of Nationalism and Realism 1850-1871
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71 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why was slavery a threat to American unity in the mid-nineteenth century?
Q2) What was an overall result of the Crimean War?
A)The maintenance of peace in Europe until World War I
B)Continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades
C)Increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs
D)The destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification
E)The breakup of the Holy Alliance
Q3) What were the Russian zemstvos?
A)Radical, populist societies that supported all revolutionary causes
B)Local assemblies with limited self-governing powers
C)Agreements between peasants and landlords concerning work rules
D)The emancipation proclamations that set groups of serfs free
E)Russia's two national parliaments, one in Moscow and the other in St.Petersburg
Q4) How did Marx explain historical change? How did he apply his theory of historical change to the times in which he lived?
Q5) How did the Austrians deal with the problem of Hungarian nationalism in the aftermath of defeat in the Austro-Prussian War?
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Chapter 10: Mass Society in an Age of Progress 1871-1894
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The European population increased dramatically between 1850 and 1910.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How did working-class people organize themselves to advance their own political and economic agenda?
Q3) What new energy source powered the second industrial revolution?
A)Coal
B)Hydroelectric
C)Natural gas
D)Electricity
E)Fuel-cells
Q4) In 1914, which country had the largest trade union movement in Europe?
A)France
B)Italy
C)Britain
D)Austria-Hungary
E)Spain
Q5) The Reform Act of 1884 gave the vote to all adult men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: An Age of Modernity Anxiety and Imperialism
1894-1914
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which revolutionary leader helped to overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912?
A)Mao Tse-tung
B)Chou En-lai
C)Sun Yat-sen
D)Chiang Kai-shek
E)Mutsushito
Q2) Bismarck feared an anti-German alliance between
A)Britain and Austria.
B)Russia and France.
C)Austria and Italy.
D)The United States and Britain.
E)Austria and Spain.
Q3) To what did Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese War indirectly lead?
A)The dismissal of Count Witte
B)The loss of all of Siberia to Japan
C)The enlargement of the Duma
D)An unsuccessful coup by the Tsar
E)The Revolution of 1905
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Chapter
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72 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most Europeans went to war in 1914 with considerable concern, fear, and trepidation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What assumption underlay the Schlieffen Plan?
A)That France could not be conquered by Germany alone
B)That Britain would stay out of the coming war
C)That Germany would be fighting a two-front war
D)That the coming war would be long and bloody
E)That Russia was Germany's most dangerous adversary
Q3) At the beginning of the twentieth century, socialist labor movements
A)were in steep decline.
B)had largely been co-opted by big business.
C)had grown more powerful.
D)had little support in Germany and Britain.
E)were almost nonexistent.
Q4) How did women's lives change during World War I?
Q5) Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they want?
Page 17
Q6) How did events in the Balkans in 1914 spark World War I?
Q7) Why did the Allies eventually prevail over the Central Powers?
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Chapter 13: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars 1919-1939
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dadaism attempted to capture the
A)nature of love.
B)purposelessness of life.
C)agony of war.
D)spirit of nature.
E)essence of God.
Q2) What was the goal of Stalin's first five-year plan?
A)To undermine the Western democracies
B)To bring communism to the United States
C)To transform the Soviet Union into an industrial state
D)To reduce the population of the Soviet Union by 10 percent
E)To acquire substantial territory at the expense of Germany
Q3) Germany responded to the French occupation of the Ruhr by declaring war on France and Britain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What were the key institutions of the Italian fascist state? What did kind of government and society did Mussolini and the fascists hope to create?
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Q5) What were Stalin's economic goals? How did he go about trying to achieve them?
Chapter 14: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World
War 2
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71 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these countries was Hitler's first major European ally?
A)Italy
B)France
C)Soviet Union
D)Spain
E)Greece
Q2) What prompted the British to offer its support to Poland in the event of war?
A)Hitler's occupation of Hungary
B)Hitler's threat to attack the Soviet Union
C)Hitler's demand of Danzig
D)Hitler's occupation of the Sudetenland
E)Hitler's invasion of France
Q3) What technological innovation was crucial to British victory in the Battle of Britain?
A)Ballistic missiles
B)Automatic weapons
C)Radar
D)Sonar
E)Jet engines
Q4) What was the "Final Solution"? How was it carried out?
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Chapter
15: Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which country's civil war led to the establishment of the Truman Doctrine?
A)Yugoslavia
B)Greece
C)Italy
D)Czechoslovakia
E)Poland
Q2) How did Truman and his Western European allies respond to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948?
A)Building the Berlin Wall
B)Airlifting supplies into Berlin
C)Bombing Moscow
D)Sending a UN force to reopen the access routes
E)Threatening nuclear war
Q3) Which country was a member of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)?
A)Poland
B)West Germany
C)Turkey
D)Hungary
E)France
Q4) How did the existentialists describe the universe and humans' place in it?
Page 20
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Chapter 16: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World
1965-1985
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and discuss the causes and consequences of the student rebellions of the 1960s and 1970s.
Q2) Mikhail Gorbachev became the head of the Soviet state immediately following the retirement of Nikita Khrushchev in 1964.
A)True
B)False
Q3) By 1980, the Soviet Union was characterized by
A)a growing economy boosted by heavy industry.
B)a declining rate of alcoholism.
C)an ailing economy and increasing social problems.
D)an improvement in bureaucratic inefficiency.
E)a popular central government.
Q4) What was a provision of the Brezhnev Doctrine?
A)The Soviet Union promised to clean up its international reputation.
B)The Soviets attempted to roll back capitalism everywhere.
C)More political freedoms were granted at home.
D)The Eastern bloc countries were set free from Moscow's control.
E)The Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state was threatened.
Q5) What led to the post-World War II feminist movement? What were its goals?
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Chapter 17: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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73 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Was Mikhail Gorbachev responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union? If not, who or what was? Explain.
Q2) George W. Bush called terrorism "the enemy of our generation."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which dictator, known for his violent suppression of the people, was tried and executed with his wife in late December 1989?
A)Gustáv Husák
B)Václav Hável
C)Aleksander Kwasniewski
D)Nicolae Ceausescu
E)Erich Honecker
Q4) Is capitalism the dominant force on the planet today? Why or why not?
Q5) How have women's lives changed by the late twentieth and early twenty-first century? What gains have they made? What obstacles still exist? In what countries have women seen the greatest gains, and which countries have been slower to change?
Q6) With the world increasingly inter-connected via transportation and communication networks, does the name "Western Civilization" still make sense?
Page 22
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