Western Civilization II Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Western Civilization II explores the major events, ideas, and movements that have shaped European society and its global influence from the Renaissance to the present day. The course examines critical developments such as the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the rise of nation-states, industrialization, colonialism, world wars, and the evolution of political ideologies. Students will analyze primary and secondary sources to understand the social, cultural, economic, and political transformations of the Western world, as well as their impact on contemporary global issues.
Recommended Textbook
The Western Experience 10th Edition by Mortimer Chambers
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The First Civilizations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ten Commandments. Answer: The Ten Commandments are a set of moral and religious laws given by God to the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They are found in the book of Exodus and are considered to be the foundation of ethical behavior and religious practice for Jews and Christians.
The significance of the Ten Commandments lies in their role as a guide for living a righteous and moral life. They cover a range of important principles, including the worship of God, respect for authority, honesty, and the importance of family and community. They are seen as a reflection of God's will for humanity and are considered to be a fundamental part of religious and moral teachings.
The commandments have had a profound impact on Western civilization and have influenced legal and ethical systems around the world. They continue to be a source of inspiration and guidance for individuals and communities seeking to live according to the principles of justice, compassion, and righteousness.
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Chapter 2: The Forming of Greek Civilizations
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Q1) Around 650 B.C., Greek poets
A)began to treat themes centered on personal experiences.
B)incorporated aspects of Indian mythology into their work.
C)rejected themes of love and beauty.
D)chronicled the Trojan War.
E)concentrated on military themes and the heroism of individual soldiers.
Answer: A
Q2) Our best information about Mycenaean civilization comes from A)archaeological evidence.
B)the works of Homer.
C)the writings of later Greek historians.
D)tablets discovered in Troy.
E)the work of Michael Ventris.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Q1) Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., the Near East was influenced by Greek culture in a process we call
A)Sophism.
B)Platonism.
C)Athenianization.
D)Hellenization.
E)dissolution.
Answer: D
Q2) Our best historical sources for the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars are
A)Sophocles and Euripides.
B)Herodotus and Thucydides.
C)Aeschylus and Aristophanes.
D)Hesiod and Sappho.
E)Medea and Lysistrata.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: The Roman Republic
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Senate.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: plebeians.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: patricians.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pompey.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gallic War.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sulla.
Q7) Which was NOT one of the reforms of Julius Caesar?
A)reduced the power of the Senate by enlarging it
B)reduced the size of the army
C)allied with the Senate to defeat Pompey
D)established a new calendar
E)named himself dictator
Q8) Which of the following is NOT true? Caesar gained popularity by defending the rights of
A)tribunes.
B)slaves.
C)common citizens.
D)soldiers.
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E)None of these answers is correct; all contributed to Caesar's popularity.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gauls.
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Chapter 5: The Empire and Christianity
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: curia.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Augustine.
Q3) Diocletian's reforms included
A)the creation of the Tetrarchy.
B)the elimination of taxes on land.
C)the reduction of taxes on trade.
D)the elimination of the Tetrarchy.
E)the creation of a more democratic system.
Q4) In the third century A.D., the Roman Empire suffered from
A)reluctance on the part of citizens to perform unpaid civic duties.
B)heavier defense costs.
C)a series of long-term and capable emperors.
D)both reluctance on the part of citizens to perform unpaid civic duties and heavier defense costs.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Trajan.
Q6) Describe social conditions in the Roman Empire.What class divisions existed? How did these divisions manifest themselves in daily life?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hadrian's Wall.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Origen.
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Chapter 6: The Making of Western Europe
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Tacitus.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Council of Whitby.
Q3) What contributions to medieval society did the religious orders make during this period? How did monks and nuns contribute to the spread of Christianity?
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Sidonius Apollinaris on Living with Germans" in this chapter.In this letter, what is the evidence of Sidonius's classical education and heritage? And how does he appraise his friend's knowledge of German?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Benedictine missionaries.
Q6) Many of the Germanic tribes entered the Roman Empire because
A)of pressure put on them by the westward migration of the Huns.
B)of conversion to Roman Christianity.
C)of defeat and enslavement by Roman armies.
D)of Viking invasions.
E)expansion of the Byzantine Empire forced them to migrate.
Q7) Why would an ascetic lifestyle be attractive during the Early Middle Ages?
Q8) Compare the roles of women in Germanic and Roman society.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Patrick.
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Chapter
Creation and Erosion
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: filioque.
Q2) Sunnites believe that
A)only the descendants of Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, are legitimate rulers.
B)the Koran forms the only legitimate Islamic law.
C)only Arab Muslims can become religious teachers.
D)writings of companions of Muhammad regarding various problems are legitimate laws.
E)all religious authority rests with the Umayyads.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Seljuk Turks.
Q4) The schism between the Eastern and Western Churches was provoked by A)papal claims of supremacy.
B)disagreement over whether priests could or could not marry.
C)the emergence of Rome as the most powerful city in the Mediterranean.
D)linguistic, theological, and cultural differences.
E)the founding of Constantinople.
Q5) How were the new invaders, the Vikings, able to establish themselves in much of northern and eastern Europe?
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Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Islam.
Q7) Compare methods of military expansion and defense in the Arabic, Byzantine, and Carolingian empires.
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Chapter 8: Restoration of an Ordered Society
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: vassalage.
Q3) Classic feudalism never had much influence in
A)England.
B)Sicily and southern Italy.
C)the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
D)France.
E)Celtic areas.
Q4) How is Henry IV depicted in the illustration found in this chapter? What do you think the artist thought of the Investiture Controversy?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fief.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fealty.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pope Urban II.
Q8) Review the feature entitled "Louis VI Subdues a Violent Baron" in this chapter.How does this account reflect the relationship between lord and vassal inherent in feudalism?
Q9) Feudalism and manorialism are often discussed as separate systems.How were they in fact closely related?
Page 12
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Chapter 9: The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
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Q1) The Dominicans were also known as the A)Beguines.
B)Order of Preachers.
C)Order of Friars Minor.
D)Scholastics.
E)Waldensians.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Romanesque.
Q3) Henry II's conflict with Thomas Becket focused on
A)the murder trial of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
B)the Duchy of Normandy.
C)the appointment of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury.
D)double jeopardy.
E)the Constitutions of Clarendon.
Q4) Consider the examples of Romanesque and Gothic architecture seen in this chapter.How did the differences in Romanesque and Gothic architecture mirror differences in spirituality?
Q5) Review the "Excerpts from the Magna Carta" feature in this chapter.How, specifically, does the Magna Carta affirm the feudal nature of English society in 1215? In what ways does the Magna Carta represent a departure from the feudal order?
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Chapter 10: The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
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Q1) The rise and eventual independence of the Principality of Moscow came about in part because of
A)the support of the Golden Horde.
B)the talents of early princes.
C)the support of the Roman Church.
D)conquest, marriage alliances, and partible inheritance.
E)the support of the tsar of Russia and the Orthodox Church.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: apprenticeship.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Michael VIII Palaeologus.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip IV.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: guild.
Q6) Which noble, in order to enlarge his power base against Henry III, included two knights from every shire when he summoned Parliament in 1265?
A)Philip II Augustus
B)Duke of Normandy
C)Philip the Fair
D)Edmund of Northumbria
E)Simon de Montfort
Page 14
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Chapter 11: Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Troyes.
Q2) The most effective means of increasing productivity and overcoming economic crisis in the Late Middle Ages came from
A)guild supervision and standards.
B)higher wages.
C)technological advances.
D)the Hanseatic League and similar trade associations.
E)the decline in guilds.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: gabelle.
Q4) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe women's experiences in the Middle Ages?
A)Women recovered more quickly than men from the plague and other diseases.
B)The population of women shrank in this period.
C)Some historians consider this period a golden age for women.
D)More women found work in urban centers.
E)Women remained marginalized from political life in guilds and governments.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: taille.
Q6) Review the feature entitled "Boccaccio on the Black Death" in this chapter.In what ways does Boccaccio's account of the plague reveal the despair that accompanied the disease?
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Chapter 12: Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
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Q1) What led to the Great Schism? Why did it prove so difficult to resolve?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: The Decameron.
Q3) Masaccio, Donatello, and Brunelleschi, Florentines of the early Renaissance, A)rejected works of the ancient world as models for the new art.
B)were unable to master the sculpting and engineering techniques of the Romans. C)avoided depicting the naked human form.
D)stressed balance and harmony in design and the importance of the individual human figure.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Brunelleschi.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ockham's razor.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Marsilius of Padua.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hussites.
Q8) In his search for a model of virtuous behavior, Petrarch turned to A)the world around him.
B)the Church fathers.
C)Roman writers.
D)both the Church fathers and Roman writers
E)all of these: Roman writers, the Church fathers, and the world around him. Page 16
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Chapter 13: Reformations in Religion
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Savonarola.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of the Jesuit order?
A)It had many similarities to a medieval military order.
B)Its followers abandoned rational discourse in order to convert through emotional appeals.
C)It maintained a very early missionary presence in the Far East.
D)It owed allegiance to the pope, not to local bishops.
E)It was successful at converting much of Poland from Protestantism to Catholicism.
Q3) Radical religious reformers in the sixteenth century were
A)tolerated by Luther because of their spiritual purity.
B)welcomed by Catholics because they represented splits away from Lutheranism.
C)likely to favor the abolition of private property and monogamy.
D)insistent upon infant baptism as the moment of entry into the Church.
E)fervent adherents of Scripture.
Q4) Luther and Erasmus both attacked what they saw as abuses and pretensions of the church and the clergy.Compare their criticisms and their approaches to church reform.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sir Thomas More.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Geneva.
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Chapter 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics
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Q1) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Two Views of Columbus" in this chapter.On what aspects of Columbus's voyages do both authors concentrate, and what aspects do they ignore?
Q2) In the sixteenth century, the capitalist outlook
A)had no real impact on Europe's economy.
B)resulted in profits that encouraged further economic growth. C)could not operate because free markets did not exist.
D)relied upon the teachings of the Catholic Church for legitimacy. E)involved little risk-taking.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bullion.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Christopher Columbus.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Aztecs.
Q6) England's Parliament gained importance and prestige during the reign of Henry VIII at the same time that monarchical power reached new heights.Show how these two apparently contradictory developments occurred and discuss the relationship that developed between the two branches of government.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry VIII.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: conquistador.
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Chapter 15: War and Crisis
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Q1) Which of the following was NOT a foreign policy initiative of Philip II of Spain?
A)an attempt to invade England
B)an attempt to influence the succession to the French throne
C)an attempt to clear the Mediterranean of Muslim navies
D)an attempt to return the Lutheran areas of north Germany to the Catholic fold
E)an attempt to combat the work of Calvinists in the Netherlands
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Huguenot.
Q3) During the civil wars in France in the second half of the sixteenth century, the Huguenots
A)formed roughly half the population.
B)were led by a noble family known as the Guises who hoped to secure the throne.
C)perpetrated the infamous St.Bartholomew's Day massacre to wipe out the Catholic leadership.
D)achieved limited toleration after their leader converted to Catholicism to gain the throne.
E)massacred Catholics on St.Bartholomew's Day.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Olivares.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gustavus Adolphus.
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Chapter 16: Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: El Greco.
Q2) How can we explain the European witch craze of the seventeenth century by placing it in its historical context? Consider issues of gender, politics, economics, and religion in your response.
Q3) Scientific societies
A)preserved the individualism of scientific research.
B)were opposed by governments.
C)encouraged cooperative efforts in research.
D)symbolized the trend toward decentralization in governments during the seventeenth century.
E)allowed wide membership.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: laws of planetary motion.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Neostoicism.
Q6) Traditional village life in the seventeenth century witnessed
A)increasing isolation and lack of central governmental control.
B)increasing impoverishment of all villagers.
C)a breakdown in the relationship between peasants and landowners.
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D)the emergence of a greater sense of community in the face of extreme hardship.
E)greater unity among rich and poor peasants.
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Chapter 17: The Emergence of the European State System
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Q1) What can be surmised about the crime rate in mid-eighteenth century England from the engraving shown in this chapter titled New Gallows at the Old Bailey?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Glorious Revolution.
Q3) In the Seven Years' War, the main lines of conflict were
A)Austria vs.Britain, and France vs.Prussia.
B)Austria vs.Russia, and Prussia vs.France.
C)Austria vs.Prussia, and Britain vs.France.
D)Austria vs.France, and Britain vs.Russia.
E)Austria vs.Prussia and Russia vs.France.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Locke on the Origins of Government" in this chapter.How does Locke represent the position of the gentry? How do you think Locke defines the common good?
Q5) Discuss the role of conflicts over succession in the development of the English Parliament in particular and other European states in general.
Q6) Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.What obligations and responsibilities does Louis XIV recognize for the absolute monarch? What were the limitations of those obligations and responsibilities?
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Chapter 18: The Wealth of Nations
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Q1) Which numbers best describe Europe's population growth from 1730 to 1800?
A)120 million to 180 million
B)100 million to 150 million
C)175 million to 250 million
D)50 million to 125 million
E)7.5 million to 11 million
Q2) Review the feature entitled "A British Defense of Slavery and the Plantation Economy" in this chapter.How is the slave depicted as both a product and as a tool in the process of production?
Q3) In most parts of eighteenth-century Europe except England, birth rates
A)rose rapidly because of earlier marriages.
B)fell because of a desire to protect property.
C)probably remained stable.
D)rose rapidly because of better hygiene.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: seigneurialism.
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Richard Arkwright's Achievement" in this chapter.What, according to this passage, was one of the major problems associated with the introduction of the factory system?
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Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: mercantilism.
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Chapter 19: The Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Which phrase is associated with Montesquieu's ideas on good government?
A)balance of powers among executive, legislature, and judiciary
B)natural rights to life, liberty, and property
C)the sovereign resides in the "general will"
D)the divine right of kings
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "What Is Enlightenment?" in this chapter.Explain Kant's definitions of the "private realm" and the "public realm."
Q3) Review the feature entitled "Mary Wollstonecraft on the Education of Women" in this chapter.How have men misled and even deceived women through education, according to Mary Wollstonecraft? What is "specious homage"?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Diderot.
Q5) How did the development of the novel as a literary genre in the eighteenth century reflect changes in society and culture? Why did novels have such wide appeal?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pamela.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: The Philosophical Dictionary.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Voltaire.
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Chapter 20: The French Revolution
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Q1) What role did the peasants play in the French Revolution? Did that role change between 1789 and 1794?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: August 4 decree.
Q3) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "On the Origins of the French Revolution" in this chapter.Much of what Lefebvre contends contributed to the French Revolution ("commerce, industry and finance occupied an increasingly important place") could also apply to England.Explain why England failed to experience a revolution similar to France's.
Q4) What do the illustrations found in this chapter indicate about the use of violence during the French Revolution?
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Robespierre's Justification of the Terror" in this chapter.Where does the concept of the "rule of law" or "the rights of man" appear in Robespierre's speech? What "law" is Robespierre utilizing in the Terror?
Q6) It could be argued that the French Revolution should have ended on the night of August 4, 1789.The peasants were pacified by the measures taken by the National Assembly, feudalism had been abolished, and the groundwork was laid for a new regime.Why, then, did the Revolution continue and become violent and more radical?
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Chapter 21: The Age of Napoleon
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alexander I.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Grand Army.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Babeuf.
Q4) Robespierre fell from power because
A)his enemies decided to act against him.
B)he had lost the fervent support of the sans-culottes.
C)the Convention no longer needed him.
D)moderates had turned against him.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q5) How does Robespierre Guillotining the Executioner pictured in this chapter corroborate the comment that "revolutions devour their children"?
Q6) Why did Napoleon court the favor of the Catholic Church yet issue the Concordat of 1801?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Napoleonic legend.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Amiens.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Elba.
Q10) Interpret the symbolism of The Directory Falls between Two Stools pictured in this chapter.
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Chapter 22: Foundations of Nineteenth Century Europe
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Q1) Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Congress of Vienna?
A)Prussia: acquired territory in Saxony and the Rhineland
B)Austria: achieved dominance in northern Italy
C)Russia: granted independence to Poland
D)Netherlands: became independent
E)France: regained most of its territory
Q2) Metternich's dream of a Concert of Europe to maintain the established order failed
A)because Britain disapproved of direct intervention in the affairs of other European states.
B)because Alexander I set up a Holy Alliance to compete with the Concert.
C)because the Prussians did not want to take part in an organization that was dominated by Metternich.
D)both because Britain disapproved of direct intervention in the affairs of other European States and because Alexander I set up a Holy Alliance to compete with the Concert.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Helena.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Chamber of Deputies.
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Chapter 23: States and Nations in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1870
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Q1) Bismarck's Kulturkampf involved a struggle with
A)German liberals.
B)the Catholic Church.
C)the socialists.
D)German universities.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q2) How did Napoleon III and Bismarck foster loyalty and suppress the opposition? Do their methods explain their popularity?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick William IV.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Do you find signs of German nationalism in this passage?
Q5) In 1848, French revolutionaries from the middle class and working class were most divided over
A)support for Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.
B)whether the state had an obligation to provide work for the unemployed.
C)whether to implement universal manhood suffrage.
D)whether to have a monarchy or a republic.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Chapter 24: Progress and Its Discontents
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "The Argument of Anti-Semitism" in this chapter.How would you critique this passage? Do you find any internal inconsistencies or historical inaccuracies or oversights?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: thermodynamics.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leo XIII.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third Republic.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gladstone.
Q6) In Germany after the fall of Bismarck,
A)the right-wing tried to foster support through the creation of political leagues.
B)the popular Social Democratic Party lost influence in government.
C)the government abandoned much of the social welfare legislation that Bismarck had created.
D)the authoritarian, Prussian-dominated system was liberalized under pressures from the other parts of Germany.
E)the popular Social Democratic Party lost influence in government, and the government abandoned much of the social welfare legislation that Bismarck had created.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Paris Commune.
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Chapter 25: Nineteenth-Century Empires
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Q1) What do the images of explorers found in this chapter suggest about the early contact between Europeans and non-Western people?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Taiping Rebellion.
Q3) In the late nineteenth century, Darwinian ideas
A)led many Europeans to imagine that they were biologically superior to colonial peoples.
B)bolstered liberal universalism.
C)confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.
D)proved that non-Western peoples were just as capable of progress as Europeans.
E)both bolstered liberal universalism and confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: antislavery movement.
Q5) How did imperialism impact non-Western economies? How did Europeans achieve these transformations of local economies? What were the effects of those transformations?
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Chapter 26: World War I and the War It Created
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sarajevo.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "The Terms of the Triple Alliance" in this chapter.Why did special promises have to be made for Italy to ensure her participation in the alliance?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fourteen Points.
Q4) During World War I the most striking break from prewar conditions on the home front was
A)the use of volunteer armies.
B)central planning of the economy.
C)censorship.
D)anti-patriotic sentiment.
E)conscription.
Q5) In 1923 French and Belgian forces occupied Germany's Ruhr district
A)because they wanted to ensure the success of the democratic Weimar Republic.
B)because internal political conflict in Germany threatened European peace.
C)because Germany had failed to make reparations payments.
D)because the Weimar Republic requested their help in ending popular strikes.
E)both because they wanted to ensure the success of the democratic Weimar Republic and because the Weimar Republic requested their help in ending popular strikes.
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Chapter 27: The Great Twentieth-Century Crisis
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: National Socialist German Workers' party.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "Fascist Doctrine" in this chapter.Fascism's rejection of liberalism and democracy is obvious.Not so obvious, however, is the rationale for these rejections.What do you think are Fascism's underlying arguments against liberalism and democracy?
Q3) Review the feature entitled "Two Accounts of Revolution in Russia" in this chapter.Which account seems more accurate and less fictional? Why? How could the differences in perspective and participation account for these differences?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Stalin.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lateran treaties.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Führer.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: concentration camps.
Q8) Discuss the similarities and differences between totalitarianism and dictatorship.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Great Depression.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Kerensky.
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hermann Göring.
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Chapter 28: The Nightmare: World War II
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Q1) How was the strategic balance of power altered in Europe by the end of World War II? Given these realities, how do you assess the importance of the Yalta Conference and its decisions about the postwar fate of Europe?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rome-Berlin Axis.
Q3) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "The Historians' Debate on German Genocide" in this chapter.Cite specific parts in Wehler's passage that maintain the Holocaust "had distinctly German roots." What stance do you think Friedlander would take on this issue?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Churchill.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: blitzkrieg.
Q6) Whereas World War I had been a catastrophe for fighting forces, World War II proved equally or more devastating for civilians.Why was this the case?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: General de Gaulle.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Guadalcanal.
Q9) How did the United States and the Soviet Union utilize the emerging Third World and newly independent countries during the Cold War?
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hiroshima.
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Chapter 29: Europe in the Postwar ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rowlatt Acts.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third World.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: United Nations.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bauhaus school.
Q5) Describe the causes and aftermath of the revolutions of 1968.Why did they fail?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Iganzio Silone.
Q7) Which of the following nations was NOT a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
A)Canada
B)Great Britain
C)Hungary
D)France
E)Denmark
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Margaret Thatcher.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Truman Doctrine.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Heinrich Böll.
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Soviet bloc. Page 35
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Fifth Republic.
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Chapter 30: Europe in the Global ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: European Union.
Q2) The most relaxed immigration policy in the European Union belongs to A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Spain.
D)the Netherlands.
E)Great Britain.
Q3) Which is NOT a feature of life shared by most Western Europeans?
A)social security
B)access to national health services
C)guaranteed employment
D)low educational fees
E)family benefits and services
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Solidarity.
Q5) Why did the Soviet experiment collapse? Why were observers in Western Europe and the United States surprised when it happened?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: postindustrial.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Putin.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: mixed economies. Page 37
Q8) How has European society been transformed by its commitment to social welfare?
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