Western Civilization
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Western Civilization explores the major social, political, intellectual, and cultural developments that have shaped the Western world from ancient times to the present. The course examines key events, ideas, and figures from ancient Greece and Rome, through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, and into the modern era. Students will analyze the evolution of Western thought, the influence of religion and philosophy, the rise of nation-states, and the impact of revolutions and global conflicts. Emphasis is placed on understanding how the legacy of Western civilization continues to influence contemporary society and global interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition by Albert M. Craig
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Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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Q1) In ancient Egypt, maat was
A)the legendary creator god who had blessed Egypt.
B)the pharaoh's chief advisor.
C)the highest virtue combining the ideas of truth,justice,and order.
D)the name for all areas outside of Egypt.
Answer: C
Q2) In which area did the earliest Neolithic societies appear?
A)Middle East
B)China
C)India
D)Mexico
Answer: A
Q3) Mesoamerica is located
A)in modern Peru and parts of eastern South America.
B)in modern Mexico and parts of Central America.
C)in the modern United States between California and the Mississippi River.
D)in modern Brazil near the Amazon River Basin.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion
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Q1) Because of the revolutionary impact of Greek philosophy, people began to conceive of the world
A)in terms of politics and democracy,rather than gods and kings.
B)in abstract,universal terms rather than specific,personal,or mythic terms.
C)in terms of basic elements (such as water or atoms)rather than random,scattered elements.
D)in terms of finding comfort and escape from the stressful world of politics.
Answer: A
Q2) The Legalists modeled their idea of a strong state on
A)the Sung.
B)the Qin.
C)the Han.
D)the Zhou.
Answer: B
Q3) The Talmud is
A)the code of ethics among Ionian Greeks.
B)God's holy Law as given to the Hebrews at Sinai.
C)the books of Jewish history and faith in the Bible.
D)commentary and interpretations of Jewish law.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Greek and Hellenistic Civilization
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Q1) Aristotle valued the polis very highly because he thought
A)it provided the most efficient military system.
B)it organized colonies.
C)only the polis provided law and justice.
D)the polis was more efficient than the city-state.
Answer: C
Q2) The period 404 371 B.C.E. was called the Spartan hegemony and is characterized by
A)Spartan leadership of the Greek world.
B)overextension of Spartan power in Asia Minor.
C)the rise of Theban and Athenian power.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Q3) Which is the best summary of the role of Demosthenes in Athenian history?
A)He was a traitor who served Philip of Macedon.
B)His prescient warnings went unheard because he was such a weak speaker.
C)His warnings about the Macedonian threat distracted Athens from more serious dangers.
D)His warnings about the Macedonian threat were unheeded until it was too late.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4:
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Q1) Which of the following was not among the four basic Aryan varnas?
A)servant
B)peasant
C)warrior/noble
D)tradesperson
Q2) The academy at Jundishapur received refugee scholars from the A)Arab Empire.
B)Byzantine Empire.
C)Indian Empire.
D)Tang Empire.
Q3) Alexander the Great
A)made little impact on the Indian subcontinent except in the northwest.
B)determined the political boundaries of India for centuries to come.
C)consolidated his conquests in India by establishing a road system.
D)promoted the Hellenization of India by encouraging his soldiers to settle in India.
Q4) Compare and contrast the teachings of Zoroaster to those of Hinduism.
Q5) Detail the geography and trade routes of the Sasanid and Gupta Empires.Who controlled the main trade routes? What were they trading and with whom? How might trade have affected social,political and cultural development in south Asia?
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Chapter 5: Africa: Early History to 1000 CE
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Q1) The Aksumite Empire declined primarily as a result of
A)the revival of Kushite power under the kings of Meroe.
B)its growing geographic and religious isolation with the spread of Islam.
C)the discovery of newer,richer sources of gold in west Africa.
D)the collapse of agriculture due to a prolonged series of droughts.
Q2) About when did the newly Christianized state of Aksum finish off the last of the weakened Kushite empire?
A)200 C.E.
B)220 C.E.
C)330 C.E.
D)400 C.E.
Q3) A primary element that promoted the rise of larger political units in the western and central Sudan was
A)the efficient control of the Mamluk rulers.
B)the nomadic nature of the primary enemies of the Sudanese.
C)interregional trade networks with contacts to the Mediterranean.
D)the decline of the rival trade center of Jenne.
Q4) Explain the relationship between Bantu expansion and the development of African trade.Who controlled the trade? Why were some regions unaffected or,conversely,deeply affected by the trade?
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Chapter 6: Republican and Imperial Rome
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Q1) What new problems had arisen for the Roman Empire during its first two centuries? What could threaten its survival? Would you describe the Empire ca.150 C.E.as strong or as coming apart?
Q2) What were the political,social and economic problems that beset Rome in the third and fourth centuries C.E.? How did Diocletian and Constantine deal with them? Were they effective in stemming the tide of decline and disintegration in the Roman Empire? What problems were they unable to solve?
Q3) Why was the capital moved to Constantinople by Constantine?
A)It could easily protect the western and Danubian frontiers.
B)It could control trade into the Black Sea.
C)It was easily defensible.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Part of Rome's defensive problems during the Crisis of the Third Century were due to an army
A)composed largely of Germanic mercenaries.
B)completely devoid of funding.
C)in which the best troops were used in far-flung campaigns.
D)whose primary loyalties were to foreign religious centers.
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Chapter 7: Chinas First Empire and Its Aftermath, 221
BCE-589 CE
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Q1) Since the early third century C.E., the Chinese population has referred to itself as A)a Mandate of Heaven.
B)the Qinese people.
C)the Han people.
D)the Xiongnu peoples.
Q2) In the centuries following the collapse of the Later Han Dynasty,
A)great aristocratic landowning families became more powerful.
B)Chinese kingdoms became stronger and more stable.
C)immigration southward came to halt.
D)northern and southern China grew more similar.
Q3) Who were the four major contenders for power in the Han Dynasty and how did each group perceive its particular role in society? What were the most successful ways of gaining and maintaining power?
Q4) Confucian ideas were considered useful under the Former Han Dynasty for all of the following reasons except:
A)the mandate of heaven provided an ethical justification for dynastic rule.
B)Confucianism was seen as shaping moral men.
C)Confucianism guided the interpretation and application of laws.
D)Confucian eunuchs served as tutors for the royal children.
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Chapter 8: Imperial China,589-1368
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Q1) The Tang dynasty sought to A)enlist nomadic Turkish peoples in its armies.
B)balance central authority and concessions to aristocratic families.
C)impose Buddhism by force.
D)combine imperial power at the top with democracy at the village level.
Q2) Why was Empress Wu (625706)successful in obtaining control in the Tang period How did her role affect Chinese history? Did her influence enhance or detract from the prestige of the Tang Empire?
Q3) The quality of administrators rose under the Song dynasty primarily because they A)had to pass rigorous examinations.
B)were chosen from the aristocracy.
C)were schooled in Daoist philosophy.
D)made increased contacts with the Muslim world.
Q4) In comparison to the Tang, the culture of the Song was A)less aristocratic.
B)more Buddhist.
C)more official.
D)less Chinese.
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Chapter 9: Early Japanese History
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Q1) The emperors of the Nara and Heian courts were both
A)Buddhist and Shint rulers.
B)Confucian and Shint rulers.
C)Zen and Confucian rulers.
D)Daoist and Confucian rulers.
Q2) The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu around 1000 C.E.is famous A) for its perfection of the Chinese model of stylized story-telling.
B) as the world's first novel with sophisticated delineation of individual characters.
C) for introducing Buddhist travel literature into Japan.
D) in its use of historical documents to narrate the rise and fall of the Yamoto Dynasty.
Q3) From the Nara period to the 19th century,most histories of Japan were written in A) Japanese.
B) Chinese.
C) Altaic.
D) Cantonese.
Q4) What was the agricultural system in use in Japan up to 838? Why did the "quota" system come into existence? What was the role of the samurai in this development?
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Q1) As shown in Map 10-1, by 750 C.E., Islam had spread to the A)Middle East,north Africa,and Spain.
B)Near East,north Africa,and Italy.
C)Far East,north Africa,and Spain.
D)Middle East,east Africa,and Italy.
Q2) Before 600 C.E., the Arab people were united primarily by A)adherence to the same polytheistic faith.
B)a shared language and poetic idiom.
C)membership in the same centralized empire.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a prophet recognized by the Quran as having come before Muhammad?
A)Moses
B)Abraham
C)Augustine
D)Jesus
Q4) Discuss the different architectural forms in the major religious buildings of the Muslim faith.How do these compare to religious architecture in the Christian and Chinese world during the Middle Ages? What were the distinctive features and functions of these buildings?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Byzantine Empire and Western Europe to 1000
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Q1) The Byzantine emperor Leo III's relationship with the church was strained because of his opposition to the
A)filioque clause.
B)church's close association with the Lombards.
C)use of icons in the church.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Compare and contrast the achievements of the Carolingians to those of the Byzantines.What challenges did each civilization face,and how successful were they in meeting them?
Q3) Based on Map 11-6, which region of Europe was relatively unaffected by the series of invasions during the Middle Ages?
A)Ireland
B)Rome
C)Central Europe
D)Byzantine
Q4) Invasions in the 800s and 900s
A)promoted the development of feudalism.
B)encouraged the growth of trade and commerce.
C)led to the re-emergence of strong,centralized kingdoms in Europe.
D)helped spread the Black Death.
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Chapter 12: The Islamic World, 1000-1500
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Q1) According to Jalaluddin Rumi, a Sufi has all of the following attributes <U>except</U>
A)purity of heart.
B)the ability to find the goodness in all emotional states.
C)appreciation of beauty.
D)ability to control and direct anger.
Q2) One of the most important developments in the eastern half of the Islamic world between 1000 and 1500 C.E. was the
A)growing popularity of Hindu ideas among lower class Muslims.
B)violent invasions of the region by the Mongols and their successors.
C)collapse of long-distance trade and the return to local self-sufficiency.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) The coming of Islam to India
A)resulted in bitter wars with the Buddhist majority.
B)contributed to the final elimination of Buddhism as a major religion in the land of its birth.
C)resulted in the disappearance of the Hindu religion and culture.
D)both contributed to the final elimination of Buddhism as a major religion in the land of its birth,and resulted in the disappearance of the Hindu religion and culture.
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Chapter 13: Ancient Civilizations of the Americas
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Q1) The Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacán seems to have been A)appropriated by numerous cultures.
B)erected by indigenous peoples in honor of Mexican independence.
C)disdained by the Aztecs.
D)an example of a local response to the introduction of Christianity.
Q2) The Mesoamerican calendar is based on A)a lunar year of 260 days.
B)two interlocking cycles.
C)a century of 35 years.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) According to the Mayan creation myth,the Popol Vuh,the world was created by the A)will and the words of the plumed serpent.
B)flood of the begetters of the water.
C)forces of volcanoes and earthquakes from the sun god.
D)shifting chaos of the primordial soup.
Q4) What was the role of monumental architecture along the Peruvian coast? To what extent was it tied to a hierarchical agricultural society?
Q5) Why did Teotihuacán rise to power around 500 C.E.? Discuss Teotihuacán's influence throughout Mesoamerica and refer specifically to their art and religious contributions.
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Chapter 14: Africa Ca1000-1700
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Q1) On the political stage during the period 1000 1700, which of the following dynasties was able to control the lands north of the Sahara for an extensive period of time?
A)Fatimids
B)Almohads
C)Ayyubids
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q2) What was the impact of the rivalry between Sunnis and Shi'ites on the evolution of Islam and the states in North Africa?
Q3) What factors led to the rise and fall of the Great Zimbabwe? What impact did trading and agricultural trends have on the development of the Great Zimbabwe?
Q4) Discuss the diversity of Cape society in South Africa.Who were the Trekboers and what was their conflict with the Khoikhoi? How was the basis for apartheid formed at this time?
Q5) In South Africa, Trekboers were
A)nomadic white livestock farmers.
B)peasants of mixed blood.
C)mercenary soldiers.
D)Dutch Reformed ministers.
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Chapter 15: Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance
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Q1) At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the growing cost of warfare led European rulers to use all of the following financial methods <U>except</U>
A)taxes on basic foods,such as the French gabelle or salt tax.
B)taxes on commercial transactions,such as the alcabala in Spain.
C)the establishment of a system of public debt,based on the use of municipal and national bonds.
D)forced or voluntary loans from rich citizens,such as the Medici in Florence.
Q2) The Hundred Years War
A)led to the reestablishment of the Holy Roman Empire.
B)was waged between Charlemagne and the Byzantine Empire.
C)was fought by the feudal monarchs of England and France.
D)was the Muslim name for the Crusades.
Q3) What started the Hundred Years' War? What were the underlying causes of the conflict? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French finally able to remove the English from France?
Q4) What were the primary motivations for the Crusades? Why did the Church support them? Why did so many Europeans enlist to fight in them? How would you evaluate their overall success? What do you think the primary long-term effects of the Crusades were?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Europe, 1500-1650: Expansion, reformation, and Religious Wars
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Q1) "The Thirty Years' War is the outstanding example in European history of meaningless conflict." Evaluate this statement.How could the war have been avoided?
Q2) The religious composition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1618 can best be described as
A)a slim Protestant majority,with Catholics strong in the east.
B)a slim Protestant majority,with Catholics strong in the west.
C)a slim Catholic majority,with Protestants strong in the north.
D)a slim Catholic majority,with Protestants strong in the south.
Q3) Legacies of Spanish rule in the Americas include
A)egalitarian social structure.
B)Roman Catholicism.
C)strong,independent economies.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) The most widely-recognized author of the Renaissance was the English poet and playwright
A)Blaise Pascal.
B)John Locke.
C)Thomas Hobbes.
D)William Shakespeare.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Conquest and Exploitation: the Development of the Transatlantic Economy
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Q1) Describe the encomienda system.How did it differ from the repartimiento? What role did the hacienda play in rural and agricultural life?
Q2) Spanish conquest in the Americas during the 15th to 19th centuries resulted in A)economic dominance for the home country.
B)the decimation of Native American civilizations.
C)the influx of large amounts of gold and silver into Europe.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) How did the rise of the Spanish empire in the Americas affect the balance of power in Europe?
Q4) The occidental slave trade of the Europeans particularly disrupted A)East Africa.
B)North Africa.
C)West and Central Africa.
D)South Africa.
Q5) The formal end of African indigenous slavery occurred between A)1800-1825. B)1860-1874.
C)1874-1928. D)1830-1860.
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Chapter 18: East Asia in the Late Traditional ERA
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Q1) How did contact with Westerners influence Japanese culture? To what extent were cultural contacts with the West maintained after the expulsion of foreigners in the 17th century?
Q2) The thin horse market shows that the Chinese viewed women as
A)commodities to be bought and sold.
B)important property holders.
C)a part of the beauty of nature.
D)distinctive individuals.
Q3) What were the main tenets of Japanese foreign policy from 1467 to 1858? How important was Western influence in this period? What trade had been carried on with China,and why did this activity stop during this period?
Q4) What are the factors that prevented Korea from emerging as a strong state during Medieval and Early Modern times? How did Korean political and social structures differ from those of China and Japan?
Q5) What were some of the most prominent differences between China and Japan during the Late Traditional era and how did these differences shape the two nations' economic and political development?
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Chapter 19: State-Building and Society in Early Modern Europe
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Q1) Describe urban life under the ancien régime,concentrating on any three of the following factors: economic structure,politics,social divisions,health and sanitation,architecture and planning.Compare and contrast conditions with those of a Western city in the 21st century.
Q2) The enclosure movement resulted in
A)increased food production,and depopulation of the countryside.
B)increased population,and increased landlord paternalism.
C)larger farms and social turmoil.
D)technological improvements and the creation of a labor force for the Industrial Revolution.
Q3) The steam engine made possible the
A)unemployment of thousands of people.
B)industrialization of many areas of production.
C)end of serfdom in Europe.
D)cottage industries of the 18th century.
Q4) Probably the most striking feature of the Old Regime was the A)closeness of family life.
B)strength and unity of monarchies on the Continent.
C)contrast in the lives and experiences of people in different social ranks.
D)great difference between English and French nobility.
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Chapter 20: The Last Great Islamic Empires, 1500-1800
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Q1) The following all contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire <U>except</U>:
A)the dominance of the British East India Company.
B)the rise of the powerful Hindu state of Ceylon.
C)British and French military victories at Mughal expense.
D)the invasions of Afghan tribal leader Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Q2) In their competition with Sunni states, Safavid Shi'ites resorted to
A)suicide raids on Sunni towns.
B)forming alliances with non-Muslim states.
C)broadening their commercial base in order to finance the struggle against the Sunnis.
D)a purification movement within their own order to purge it of "doctrinal weakness."
Q3) Lands that had once been ruled by Muslims but, by 1700, no longer were, were located
A)in diverse locations throughout Muslim-controlled territory.
B)along the southern edge of Muslim-controlled territory.
C)along the northern edge of Muslim-controlled territory.
D)throughout the Arabian peninsula.
Q4) What role did the kingdom of Acheh play in the East Indies? Why did its power decline by the early twentieth century?
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Chapter 21: The Age of European Enlightenment
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Q1) How did Europeans tend to view themselves in relation to the other peoples of the world? What do you think were the major bases for this belief? What role did the Enlightenment play in changing European perceptions of their role in the world?
Q2) Discuss the economic ideas of mercantilism and compare and contrast those ideas with the ideas of Adam Smith.Which set of ideas is more influential today?
Q3) According to Mary Wollstonecraft, womens perceived inferiority resulted primarily from
A)their inability to obtain a proper education.
B)the threat they posed to male domination in politics.
C)their reputation for a lack of virtue.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Johannes Kepler
A)vigorously opposed Copernican theory.
B)publicized the Copernican theory by writing popular books.
C)provided data to help prove the Copernican theory.
D)devised mathematical formulas to explain the Copernican universe.
Q5) What roles did women play in the world of the Scientific Revolution? How and why were a few women able to transcend these roles?
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Chapter 22: Revolutions in the Transatlantic World
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Q1) Haiti declared independence from France in a revolution begun under A)Toussaint L'Ouverture.
B)Jacques Levant.
C)Simón Bolívar.
D)José de San Martín.
Q2) What role did the Stamp Act Congress play in the American Revolution?
A)It listed grievances with the Crown regarding taxation and local government.
B)It brought all American colonists together under a common banner.
C)It formally declared that Americans were in rebellion against the crown.
D)It gave an ultimatum to the Crown to reverse actions against the colonists.
Q3) The September Massacre refers to
A)the deaths of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
B)the unceremonious end to the Legislative Assembly,which had been ineffective. C)the execution of political prisoners and criminals as counter revolutionaries.
D)riots throughout the countryside in September,1792,which resulted in the deaths of over 1200 aristocrats.
Q4) What exactly was the Constitution of the Year VII and how did it secure power for Napoleon? How well did this constitution work? Why and how did Napoleon change it later? What was the ultimate source of Napoleon's power?
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Chapter 23: Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century
Europe and North America
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Q1) What were the primary reasons for the political consolidation of North America and Europe during the nineteenth century? What were the most significant consequences of that consolidation?
Q2) The expansion of the United States in the 19th century included all of the following states and territories <U>except</U>
A)Louisiana.
B)Texas.
C)Oregon.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q3) During the Reconstruction period, the American South experienced all of the following significant changes <U>except</U>
A)many former political leaders left political life.
B)the basis of the economy was transformed.
C)the establishment of a large free labor market.
D)military occupation by armies of the North.
Q4) What are the ideological roots of the Zionist movement? In combating anti-Semitism and calling for a Jewish state,did Zionists embrace their enemies' notions of blood,race,and nation? Is Zionism a form of nationalism?
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society,
1815-1914
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Q1) By the end of the 19th century, married middle class women were expected to A)work full time.
B)work part-time.
C)not work outside of the home.
D)work looking after other people's children.
Q2) Progressives in the United States sought to
A)unionize labor and agriculture in order to fight big business.
B)reform corruption in political life and induce more efficient government.
C)follow a policy of isolationism and withdraw from world affairs.
D)redress problems of racial inequality in the U.S.and elsewhere.
Q3) By 1914 the leading industrial power in the world was A)England.
B)Germany.
C)Japan.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q4) What were the major changes in European thought at the end of the nineteenth century? How do these changes compare to the original ideas of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution? What events in the nineteenth century do you think best account for the changes in European intellectual thought?
Page 26
Q5) Why and how were Jews emancipated across Europe during the nineteenth century?
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Chapter 25: Latin America From Independence to the 1940s
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Q1) From 1853 to 1916, Argentina experienced economic A)expansion.
B)decline.
C)stagnation.
D)independence.
Q2) All of the following products were exported from Latin America before 1900 <U>except</U> A)coffee.
B)textiles.
C)copper.
D)guano.
Q3) Carranza edged out Villa and Zapata as leader of the Mexican Revolution for all of the following reasons <U>except</U> his A)willingness to call on U.S.forces for help.
B)lip service to the needs of a broad base of Mexican society.
C)command of superior military forces.
D)desire to emulate U.S.economic development.
Q4) Describe the political development from independence to 1945 of two of the following three countries: Brazil,Argentina,and Mexico.How were they similar and how did they differ?
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1800-1945
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Q1) When Britain introduced cheap machine goods into India, the result was A)the destruction of Indian craft industries.
B)an increase in employment and standards of living in India.
C)greater political control for regional princes.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q2) Svar j can best be defined as A)tolerance.
B)self-governance.
C)moderation.
D)intolerance.
Q3) Discuss Gandhi's role in the Indian independence movement.What was his background? What was the intellectual foundation of his movement? What were the primary ideas in Gandhi's Hind Svar j? How did they intersect with his belief in Indian self-rule? What would have been the outcome of the Indian independence struggle without Gandhi? What is his legacy beyond India?
Q4) Atatürk's major reforms included all of the following <U>except</U>
A)introduction of a European-style civil code.
B)abolition of the caliphate.
C)abolition of Shi'ite orders.
D)abolition of Arabic script and call to prayers.
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Chapter 27: Modern East Asia
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Q1) How did Japanese intellectuals look at the West? What was their attitude towards modernization? Did the push towards modernization mean the abandonment of Japanese traditional values and identity?
Q2) How did political parties operate in Japan? Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese constitution.
Q3) Compare the effects of World War I and the Great Depression on China and Japan.What were the major outcomes in each country? Which country better weathered the two crises? Which factor or factors do you think best account for their relative success?
Q4) How and why did Japan become involved in World War II? Why did they suffer defeat in this war? Explain the nature of Japanese fascism and compare it with German Nazism.
Q5) All of the following were goals of the Meiji government <U>except</U>
A)give more influence to the samurai.
B)centralize political power.
C)stabilize government revenues.
D)modernize the Japanese economy.
Q6) Which event led to the downfall of the Nanjing government and the rise of the Communists?
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Chapter 28: Imperialism and World War I
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Q1) "For all their elegance,the foreign policies of Bismarck contained a fatal flaw: only Bismarck could make them work.Therefore,these policies are not worthy of praise."
Evaluate this statement,making sure that you describe the main features of Bismarck's policy.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Q2) Great Britain intervened in Egypt in order to A)protect the Suez Canal.
B)keep communications with India and the Far East open.
C)ensure repayment of debts by the Egyptian government.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Clause 231 of the Treaty of Versailles declared that Germany
A)would not have to pay reparations after World War I.
B)was responsible for all loss and damage during World War I.
C)would have territorial integrity and could not be invaded by France. D)had to surrender the Rhineland to the French.
Q4) Describe the style of warfare used in World War I.What new technologies were developed during the war and how did they affect its outcome? What influence do you think the style of warfare had on the soldiers who witnessed and participated in it?
Q5) Discuss the Alliance system.How did the creation of formal military pacts contribute to WWI?
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Chapter 29: Depression, European Dictators, and the
American New Deal
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Q1) Compare and contrast Lenin's and Stalin's views of socialism.What were their economic priorities? Which of the two was more ideological? What were their views on nationalism?
Q2) In what sense was Hitler an advocate of socialism?
A)He belonged to an international movement.
B)He believed in state ownership of the means of production.
C)He advocated a violent proletarian revolution against capitalism.
D)He believed in subordinating all economic enterprise to the welfare of the nation.
Q3) Why did Lenin institute the New Economic Policy? Was it successful? What role did Lenin play in ensuring the success of the Russian Revolution?
Q4) Which best explains Hindenburg's decision to appoint Hitler as chancellor in 1933?
A)Hindenburg was a confirmed Nazi.
B)The Nazis won a majority of the popular vote in the last election.
C)Big business firmly supported the Nazis.
D)The alternative was a coalition that included groups from the political left.
Q5) Which of the following was not an achievement of the New Deal?
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Chapter 30: World War II
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Q1) As illustrated in Map 30-6, what was the primary goal of the Allied armies in North Africa?
A)to establish a staging ground for the invasion of Italy
B)to liberate African peoples from colonial oppression
C)to restore the French and British colonial empires
D)to capture important Atlantic trading ports
Q2) Compare and contrast the roles women played on the home fronts in Germany and the United States.What do these contrasts suggest about these two societies?
Q3) Germany failed to conquer the Soviet Union in 1941 for all of the following reasons <u>except</u> the
A)delay of the expedition by six weeks.
B)opening of a second front by the Allies.
C)diversion of troops from the drive toward Moscow.
D)weather,which caused problems with supplies and troop movement.
Q4) The Anschluss referred to the A)union of Germany and Austria.
B)invasion of the Sudetenland.
C)invasion of the Rhineland.
D)invasion of Poland.
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Chapter 31: The West Since World War II
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Q1) How would you characterize the Gorbachev and Yeltsin years in Russia? Was there political openness? How was the economy transformed? Did the shift to capitalism help the Russian people? Was the system free of political corruption?
Q2) The Treaty of Maastricht (1991)
A)limited immigration to Western European countries from Eastern Europe.
B)made proposals that led to a unified European currency.
C)created a common market for goods,labor,and capital in member states.
D)called for the pooling of strategic resources,such as coal.
Q3) Putin claimed that party conflict must be limited
A)to prevent a new arms race with NATO.
B)so that the Bolshevik Party always retains dominance.
C)to maintain national interests and unity.
D)so that politicians do not become corrupt.
Q4) Khrushchev's agricultural policies differed from Stalin's in that
A)collective farms were eliminated.
B)private cultivation was permitted.
C)all agriculture came under state control.
D)mechanization was mandatory.
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Chapter 32: East Asia: The Recent Decades
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Q1) The reason for the Sino Soviet rift in the early 1960s was
A)border disputes.
B)Soviet condemnation of Stalin.
C)withdrawal of Soviet aid.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) The Cambodian dictator Pol Pot was supported by
A)the United States.
B)France.
C)China.
D)Vietnam.
Q3) Which was<u> not</u> one of the fundamental changes imposed on rural society under Mao?
A)land redistribution
B)collectivization
C)forced labor
D)limited free markets
Q4) What were the major changes that occurred in China during its Soviet period? To what extent did China have to adapt Soviet policies to fit its unique economic and social circumstances?
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Chapter 33: Post-colonialism and Beyond: Latin America, Africa,
Asia, and the Middle East
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Q1) What are some of the predominant developments currently occurring in the nation of Turkey? Why is this nation such a fascinating indicator of larger potential trends in international affairs?
Q2) What impact has the Muslim resurgence had on world history? Why is the West having trouble coping with this movement? What is the relationship between this movement and the increase in terrorist activities in the late 20th century?
Q3) The most immediate significant problem facing Brazils government today is
A)pollution and environmental disasters.
B)financial crisis and poverty.
C)lack of foreign investment.
D)the possibility of renewed warfare in the region.
Q4) With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991,
A)the future of Cuba has been linked politically with the United States.
B)Cuba's trade with the United States has increased.
C)Cuba lost significant military,economic,and geo-political support.
D)the Cuban sugar industry strengthened with new Asian markets.
Q5) What are some of the most pressing issues facing African nations today? What seem to be the most successful methods for addressing these issues and why?
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