Western and Non-Western Civilizations
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the major historical, cultural, social, and political developments of both Western and Non-Western civilizations from ancient times to the modern era. Through comparative analysis, students will examine interactions among diverse societies, the evolution of belief systems, the impacts of exchange and conflict, and the shaping of the modern world. Emphasis is placed on understanding the unique contributions and perspectives of civilizations across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, while fostering critical thinking about global interconnections and cultural diversity.
Recommended Textbook
Voyages in World History Brief 2nd Edition by Valerie Hansen
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Peopling of the World, to 4000 BCE
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was an important result of the use of fire by Homo Neanderthalensis?
A)Ability to create a community.
B)Ability to migrate into colder environments.
C)Ability to eat more meat.
D)Ability to make metal tools.
E)Ability to make art.
Answer: C
Q2) Two major evolutionary differences between hominids and other primates are larger brains and the ability to
A)Think aesthetically.
B)Walk upright.
C)Live in groups.
D)Remember past events.
E)Feel emotions.
Answer: B
Q3) What characteristics distinguished Homo sapiens sapiens from other species?
Answer: In this essay, students should discuss the following key points:
1.Their build and the size of their brains were different
2.They were descendents of mitochondrial Eve
3.They had developed larynxes
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Chapter 2: The First Complex Societies in the Eastern
Mediterranean, ca 4000 - 550 BCE
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Q1) In the ancient Mesopotamian religion,what was the most powerful deity?
A)Goddess of water.
B)God of beer.
C)Healing god.
D)Storm god..
E)God of love.
Answer: D
Q2) After the death of Hammurabi,who destroyed Babylonia in 1595 B.C.E.?
A)Egyptians.
B)Sumerians.
C)Hittites.
D)Huns.
E)Phoenicians.
Answer: C
Q3) Although the Bible is often used as a historical reference,scientists and archeologists often cannot find physical evidence relating to many areas of the Bible.Using two examples,write a short essay that illustrates this dilemma.
Answer: In this essay,students can discuss any of the following details:
Q4) What kind of trade networks did Babylonians participate in?
Answer: In this essay,students should discuss the key points:
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Chapter 3: Ancient India and the Rise of Buddhism, 2600
BCE- 100 Ce
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Buddhist teaching,many Indians were unable to achieve nirvana,but made donations to Buddhist monasteries because
A)They would be able to be classified as monks and nuns.
B)It was an obligation expected of all Buddhists.
C)They would have a part in the Buddhist order that made decisions.
D)They wanted to improve their worldly lives and future rebirths.
E)It would raise the status of Buddhist nuns to the ranks of monks.
Answer: D
Q2) lay Buddhist?
Answer: Answer not provided.
Q3) What part of the Mauryan military often intrigued foreigners?
A)How the military was organized inside the government structure.
B)The use of war-chariots.
C)The use of cavalry.
D)Elephants.
E)The navy.
Answer: D
Q4) dharma
Answer: Answer not provided.
Page 5
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Chapter
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Q1) Korea
Q2) Mandate of Heaven
Q3) The main written history of the Shang is the Records of the Grand Historian,written in the first century B.C.E.by
A)Sima Qian.
B)Confucius.
C)Emperor Wu.
D)Ban Zhao.
E)Shang Yang.
Q4) Although the times and history grade the First Emperor as a tyrant,he portrayed himself as a great leader by all of the following except
A)Creating clay tablets that portray his actions as a Confucianist.
B)Making comparisons to previous Chinese history.
C)Claiming he was a role model to his people.
D)Using stone tablets to lead his subjects in prayer rituals.
E)Highlighting his great projects without regard to the cost to China in expense and sacrifice.
Q5) How do Confucianists and Daoists think about the Dao differently?
Q6) Yellow River
Page 6
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Q1) Anasazi
Q2) How did the Olmec peoples adjust their solar year calendar to refer to events that happened in the far past?
A)They used mythical terms to refer to early dates.
B)Only religious references were used to refer to the mythical past.
C)They developed a Long Count calendar that dated back to a mythical starting date.
D)No evidence has been found on how the Olmecs solved this dilemma.
E)They did not know how to adjust their ritual calendar when referring to events of the far past.
Q3) Historians who believe that the Polynesian migrations were intentional,point to which of the following?
A)The similarity of religious rites.
B)Coin artifacts with similar symbols and markings.
C)The main staple foods of the Polynesian being dispersed throughout the area.
D)Similar burial sites.
E)Allegiance to the same main god.
Q4) According to the reading "Movement of Ideas: The Ballgame in Popul Vuh," how does the story of the Hero Twins and the ballgame connect?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: New Empires in Iran and Greece, 2000 BCE- 651
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Q1) Hellenization
Q2) As the Indo-Europeans settled down to farm in Greece,they grew olive trees in the foothills and grapes on the hillsides. Which crop did they find grew well in the lowlands?
A)Wheat.
B)Rice.
C)Grapes.
D)Barley.
E)Millet.
Q3) Which of the following topics does Herodotus' Histories describe?
A)History.
B)Folklore.
C)Geography.
D)Plants.
E)All of these choices.
Q4) Aristotle
Q5) Zoroastrianism
Q6) How were the Greeks able to defeat both Darius and Xerxes and the huge Persian military?
Page 8
Q7) polis
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509 BCE- 476 Ce
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Q1) Augustine
Q2) In 325 Constantine called a church council at Nicaea to settle a dispute over
A)The basic Christian creed.
B)The birth date of Jesus.
C)Role of the emperor in the church.
D)Whether women could be deacons.
E)The Christian canons.
Q3) Marius was an innovator in the Roman army because he waived the requirement for soldiers to be landowners and he recruited
A)Farmers who owned only small plots of land.
B)Freed slaves working for citizenship.
C)Landless volunteers from the working poor.
D)The finest soldiers in the city of Rome.
E)Soldiers who were loyal to the Senate above all else.
Q4) Roman Republic
Q5) Constantine
Q6) plebeian
Q8) Roman Senate Page 9
Q7) How did the Romans become aware of the world outside their own territory?
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Chapter 8: Hindu and Buddhist States and Societies in Asia,
100 - 1000
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Q1) Which of the following was associated with Jayavarman II?
A)He ruled the Mekong Basin in Cambodia.
B)Chieftains living in surrounding regions of the kingdom had smaller and inferior realm.
C)He worshipped Shiva.
D)Subjects acknowledged him as having special access to Shiva.
E)All of these choices.
Q2) Soga clan
Q3) Tang Code
Q4) The Kushan Empire was defeated by whom in 260 C.E.?
A)Sasanians.
B)Gupta.
C)Chola.
D)Romans.
E)Han China.
Q5) Although far from being the highly sophisticated and advanced culture of China,how did Tibet gain a great leap toward China's level because of the decline of the Tang dynasty?
Q6) Discuss the two types of Hindu worship that developed in India.
Q7) wood block printing
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Chapter
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Q1) Zubaydah's Road
Q2) Around 570,Muhammad was born into a family of
A)Merchants.
B)Prophets.
C)Scholars.
D)Farmers.
E)Envoys.
Q3) Five Pillars of Islam
Q4) How can the English translated word slave be related to the Islamic trade?
A)Muslim trade predominantly involved slaves from "slav" lands in central and eastern Europe.
B)Slaves taken from central Europe were very often Slavic.
C)Islam did not allow the sale and purchase of slaves.
D)Muslim trade involved slaves from central Asia.
E)Peoples in central Europe who refused to convert to Islam were sold into slavery.
Q5) Maghrib
Q6) Baghdad
Q7) caliph
Q8) Shiite Page 12
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Chapter
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Q1) How did the Charlemagne and the Carolingians transform Germanic society?
Q2) The Rus were a multi-ethnic people which included what group?
A)Slavs.
B)Balts.
C)Finns.
D)Scandinavians.
E)All of these choices.
Q3) Because of its geographical location,the early peoples of Russia had contact with which of the following religions?
A)Judaism.
B)Eastern Christianity.
C)Western Christianity.
D)Islam.
E)All of these choices.
Q4) Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni
Q5) What was involved in the Iconoclast controversy,and why might the emperor view the worshiping of icons as a threat?
Q6) war-bands
Q7) Carolingians
Q8) Frankish kingdom
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Chapter 11: Expanding Trade Networks in Africa and India,
1000 - 1500
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Q1) By the time of Ibn Battuta's travels,what city in North Africa was the meeting place for the thousands of Muslim Africans on their pilgrimage to Mecca?
A)Cairo.
B)Alexandria.
C)Tunis.
D)Tangier.
E)Tripoli.
Q2) Great Man
Q3) Unlike Mesopotamia,Egypt,India,China,or the Americas,where the first complex societies tapped agricultural supplies,most African states relied on
A)ship building.
B)raising and herding camels.
C)the drug trade.
D)strategic natural resources like water or gold.
E)slave trade.
Q4) Although Ibn Battuta started his journey with a limited amount of funds,it appears that by the end of his journey he had acquired both wealth and property.Discuss this statement.
Q5) Ibn Battuta
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Chapter 12: Chinas Commercial Revolution, ca900 - 1276
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Q1) The Map of the Tracks of Yu,drawn sometime around 108l,indicates the limits of the Song dynasty's knowledge of the outside world,showing A)Korea.
B)Vietnam.
C)nothing beyond the Chinese borders. D)Japan.
E)Afghanistan.
Q2) Although Japan had many types of contact with China,how did it eventually establish its own unique political and social system?
Q3) Cost factors involved with the use of movable type included which of the following?
A)that a piece of type had to be made for each of the thousands of Chinese characters. B)that because of resetting each frame,it was suitable to printing large volumes.
C)that books that could be printed by the thousands became cheaper to buy. D)that it was more expensive than woodblock printing.
E)all of these choices.
Q4) Epitaph
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Chapter 13: Europes Commercial Revolution, 1000 - 1400
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Q1) Franciscans
Q2) In addition to using iron for plows,farmers after 1000 realized that it also helped to use iron for plow blades and A)sickles.
B)horse shoes.
C)baskets.
D)sign posts.
E)carts.
Q3) Regular Clergy
Q4) Crusade mania was not limited to the Holy Lands.How did Christians react to Europeans whom they considered to be enemies of the church?
Q5) Universities
Q6) Increased crop production in Europe between 1000 and 1300 was attributed to A)the change to rice.
B)intensification of cerealization in agriculture.
C)increased use of slave labor.
D)mechanized farming.
E)slash-and-burn techniques.
Q7) Dominicans
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Chapter 14: The Mongols and Their Successors, 1200 - 1500
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Q1) The Ottomans marked the establishment of a major Islamic power in western Asia by
A)The power that replaced the Mongol khanates in Mongolia.
B)Beginning as a group of Muslim settlers from the steppes of Mongolia.
C)Bringing the Byzantine Empire to an end through the conquest of Constantinople.
D)Having defeated Timur the Lame's army.
E)Paying their soldiers in plunder and conquered land.
Q2) Uighur
Q3) Although individual rulers in the Qipchaq khanate converted to Islam as early as the 1250s,Islam became the official religion under the reign of A)Mongke.
B)Hulegu.
C)Ghazan.
D)Arigh Boke.
E)Muhammad Özbeg.
Q4) Ivan III
Q5) Chinggis Khan
Q6) Kamikaze
Q7) Khuriltai
Page 18
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Chapter
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Q1) Quetzalcoatl
Q2) Cuzco
Q3) The Treaty of Tordesillas,signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494,
A)was not challenged by the rest of Europe.
B)was rejected by the pope.
C)allowed the various peoples met by the Spanish and Portuguese to govern themselves.
D)rejected slavery.
E)divided newly discovered lands between them but did not apply to any Christian lands.
Q4) Due to rival altepetl,Tenochtitlan was built of land that was originally A)desert.
B)swampland.
C)mountainous.
D)grassland.
E)rainforest.
Q5) What were the basic goals of humanism and how do these ideas relate to the innovation of printing?
Q6) Nahuatl
Q7) Precious Water Page 19
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Chapter
16: Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia, 1500 - 1700
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Q1) Some Church authorities disagreed with Ricci on the compatibility of which Chinese tradition and Christianity?
A)The divinity of the emperor.
B)Heaven and hell.
C)Confucian laws of morality.
D)Veneration of ancestors.
E)Buddhist goal of nirvana.
Q2) Equal of a Magistrate
Q3) Wanli Emperor
Q4) Maharajahs
Q5) Martin Luther
Q6) The Mughals helped to ensure the loyalty of the old aristocracy by providing them with
A)10% of agricultural taxes.
B)free slaves.
C)10% of newly conquered lands.
D)a bonus of silver from the Americas.
E)subsidies for Buddhist monasteries.
Q7) Dutch East India Company
Q8) Bourgeoisie
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Chapter 17: Religion, politics, and the Balance of Power in Western
Eurasia, 1500 - 1750
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Q1) From 1520 to 1555 - decades full of warfare and division - Charles V tried to impose papal authority over those who chose to follow
A)Elizabeth I of England.
B)Ulrich Calvin.
C)Philip II of Spain.
D)Martin Luther.
E)Christopher Columbus.
Q2) Süleyman's administrative reforms of the Ottoman Empire included promoting men based on A)wealth.
B)merit.
C)lineage.
D)age.
E)education.
Q3) Elizabeth I of England
Q4) Louis XIV
Q5) Persian
Q6) Muscovy
Q7) Discuss Suleyman as a Muslim leader.
Q8) Ottoman Page 22
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Chapter 18: Empires, colonies, and Peoples of the Americas, 1600 - 1750
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Q1) The religious beliefs and practices of the Quilombos included
A)a mixture of African and Amerindian beliefs.
B)a mixture of African and Catholic traditions.
C)Catholic beliefs.
D)worshipping the Ganga Zumba.
E)sacrifice of humans as Amerindian shrines.
Q2) Ganga Zumba
Q3) In the early eighteenth century,the economic focal point for the French and English was
A)North American colonies.
B)Caribbean sugar plantations.
C)the search for a Northwest Passage.
D)investment in the slave trade.
E)the search for valuable minerals.
Q4) Which of the following was a viceroyalty capital?
A)Mexico City.
B)Bogotá.
C)All of these answers are correct.
D)Lima.
E)Buenos Aires.
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Chapter
Europe, 1550 - 1807
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Q1) Calvinism was introduced into South Africa by the A)Dutch.
B)Prussians.
C)French Bourbons.
D)Egyptians.
E)English.
Q2) Triangular Trade
Q3) Discuss the evolution of indigenous,slave,and indentured labor with the advent of the Sugar Plantation System.
Q4) Slavery had always been a part of human history,but how was it different by the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
A)There was increased cruelty.
B)Only males had been used in early slave societies.
C)Slaves had always been able to achieve freedom.
D)Early slavery did not involve Africans.
E)It shifted from "societies with slaves" to "slave societies."
Q5) Igbo
Q6) Khoisan
Q7) Great Lakes region
Q8) Sultan of Oman
Page 25
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Chapter 20: Empires in Early Modern Asia, 1650 - 1818
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Q1) What of the following was included in the bushido of a samurai warrior?
A)Establish schools.
B)Have total loyalty to one's daimyo.
C)Write Confucian treatises.
D)Keep one's weapons ready to use.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) Yongzheng
Q3) Which of the following statements of problems at the end of Quianlong's reign is true?
A)Agricultural technology had not kept up with increasing population.
B)Deforestation was creating ecological problems.
C)All of the answers are correct.
D)As an older ruler,Qianlong was delegating more authority to court officials.
E)Opposition was growing against the non-Chinese Manchus.
Q4) Dalai Lama
Q5) Yangzi River Valley
Q6) Aurangzeb
Q7) Tibet
Q8) Catherine the Great
Q9) Yoshimune
27
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Chapter 21: European Science and the Foundations of
Modern Imperialism, 1600 - 1820
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Q1) Hobbes's reactions to human nature were based on
A)the belief that governments were a natural state of humanity.
B)the natural state of nature was stability and security.
C)the deep belief in divine right.
D)the support of an absolute monarchy based on reason.
E)the idea that deductive reasoning could not be applied to the study of human activities.
Q2) Supporters of the new science could also claim to be devout Christians because they believed that
A)the universe was not a self-functioning ordered system.
B)the universe was not perfect.
C)the universe was divinely created and self-functioning.
D)God and the universe existed separately from one another.
E)the universe was a perfect clock that did not need further interference in its functioning.
Q3) Alexander MacKensie
Q4) How was the enlightenment applied to the political systems of Europe at the time?
Q5) Voltaire
Q6) Carl Linnaeus
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Chapter 22: Revolutions in the West, 1750 - 1830
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Q1) Which of the following,associated with the National Convention of 1795-1799,is true?
A)The National Convention created a new constitution with limited electorate and separation of powers.
B)A Directory was formed as the executive body of the government.
C)Jacobins attempted to restore their power.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)Monarchists attempted to restore the Bourbon dynasty.
Q2) To achieve success in the quest for independence,Latin-American revolutionary leaders needed to
A)deport all peninsulares.
B)eliminate all successors to the Spanish throne.
C)gain the support of people mixed descent and of color.
D)eliminate the potential power of the mestizos.
E)look to support from Napoleon.
Q3) George Washington
Q4) Napoleon Bonaparte
Q5) Thomas Jefferson
Q6) Seven Years' War
Q7) Third Estate
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Chapter
23: The Industrial Revolution and European Politics, 1780 - 1880
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Q1) Discuss the origins and process of creation of Italian nationalism.
Q2) Reform Bill of 1832
Q3) Steam Engine
Q4) Raw materials
Q5) Which of the following statements reflects the problems facing Italian nationalism?
A)The north was an industrialized and urbanized area,similar to Western Europe.
B)Because of internal divisions,conservatives were able to stifle any unification attempts.
C)The south was mainly agricultural and rural in character.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)Dialects made it difficult for Italians to understand each other.
Q6) Division of Labor
Q7) The Suez Canal was completed in 1869 and directly linked the Mediterranean Sea to the
A)Red Sea.
B)Atlantic Ocean.
C)Arabian Sea.
D)Pacific Ocean.
E)Nile River.
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Chapter 24: China, japan, and India Confront the Modern
World, 1800 - 1910
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Q1) Why didn't the Indian Revolt of 1857 succeed?
Q2) Nationalists in India accused the British of "divide and rule" tactics in their partitioning of Bengal
A)in an attempt to solve growing religious problems in the area.
B)to cripple attempts at Indian nationalism by dividing Hindu and Muslim Indians.
C)as an attempt to create a more British-friendly Muslim area independent of India.
D)in order to develop two economic centers.
E)to use Bengal as a boundary against the incursion of Muslim Ottomans.
Q3) As a result of a disastrous naval defeat of the Qing southern fleet by the French navy in 1884,what area was taken by France?
A)Vietnam.
B)Korea.
C)Mongolia.
D)Japan.
E)Taiwan.
Q4) Russo-Japanese War
Q5) Indian Civil Service
Q6) Rammohun Roy
Page 32
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Chapter 25: State Building and Social Change in the
Americas, 1830 - 1895
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Q1) Haciendas
Q2) Texas
Q3) What were Jim Crow policies?
A)law asserting federal rights.
B)southern segregationist laws.
C)expulsion of Union soldiers occupying the south.
D)laws restricting the movement of Native people.
E)laws protecting voting rights for freed slaves.
Q4) From lessons learned from the American War of Independence
A)the British would not allow political representation to its remaining territories and colonies.
B)colonies would have the right to void all British laws without consulting with Parliament.
C)each British colony or territory could elect their own governor.
D)a balance was created to allow for local representation but with safeguards to protect British interests.
E)territories and colonies could have their voice heard only through petitioning Parliament.
Q5) Abraham Lincoln
Q6) Slavery
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Chapter 26: The New Imperialism in Africa and Southeast
Asia, 1830 - 1914
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Q1) Which of the following are true of the Berlin Conference
A)France,Britain,Belgium,Germany,Portugal,Italy,and Spain were participants in the conference.
B)the conference would decide how Africa would be partitioned.
C)only those powers who demonstrated effective occupation of a territory would be awarded that territory.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)the results of conference plunged Africa into years of military actions,killing millions of Africans.
Q2) The bloodiest battle between Europe and native African forces was in the Sudan in 1898 called the Battle of
A)Kamasi.
B)Omdurman.
C)Adowa.
D)Isandhlwana.
E)Abushiri.
Q3) Dutch East Indies
Q4) British South Africa Company
Q5) Samori Toure
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Q1) According to Louise Bryant,the chapter's traveler,Lenin possessed which of the following qualities to put the Bolsheviks in a position of power
A)being a master propagandist.
B)having the ability to be a leader.
C)having absolute moral indifference.
D)all of the answers are correct.
E)possessed all the qualities of chief.
Q2) After disappearing from the map of Europe in the 18th century,what European nation was reconstituted after World War I?
A)France.
B)Ukraine.
C)Russia.
D)Serbia.
E)Poland.
Q3) Senegalese Sharpshooters
Q4) Georges Clemenceau
Q5) Paris Peace Conference
Q6) Joseph Stalin
Q7) Battle of the Somme
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Chapter 28: Responses to Global Crisis, 1920 - 1939
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joseph Stalin
Q2) Stalin considered industrial growth to be of the utmost importance.How was this sector treated to guarantee continued growth?
Q3) Kemal banned the political party of Edib because she
A)wanted Kemal to become a dictator.
B)favored liberal democracy.
C)wanted to restore the Ottomans.
D)thought Turkey was too big and needed to be divided.
E)favored using shari'a,or Islamic law,for the state.
Q4) One of the sources of Mussolini's bitterness in the 1920's was
A)his conviction that industrialization had weakened Italy's morale.
B)the poor way Italy was treated at the Paris Peace Conference.
C)his belief that the Italian military had fought well in World War I without winning land.
D)his conviction that the colonies only hurt Italy by distracting it economically.
E)his feeling that Germany had betrayed Italy in the First World War.
Q5) Government of India Act
Q6) Jews
Q7) Crystal Night
Page 36
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Chapter 29: The Second World War and the Origins of the
Cold War, 1939 - 1949
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the intention of the Truman Doctrine?
Q2) The history of Nancy Wake involved
A)being brought up as a Jew in Germany.
B)being referred to as the "White Mouse" by the Gestapo.
C)travelling around the world as an American government official.
D)serving in the British nurse corps during the war.
E)the life of an Australian prisoner of war in Germany early in the war.
Q3) In 1942,the Allies gained the momentum in the Pacific after defeating a Japanese naval armada in the Battle of _________.
A)Midway
B)Pearl Harbor
C)Iwo Jima
D)the Philippines
E)Singapore
Q4) Death Camps
Q5) Concentration Camps
Q6) Blitzkrieg
Q7) Phony War
Q8) Superpowers
Page 37
Q9) Cold War
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Chapter 30: The Cold War and Decolonization 1949 - 1975
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the spring of 1961,although The Bay of Pigs was the brainchild of the Eisenhower administration,____ would eventually take the blame for the fiasco.
A)Castro
B)Eisenhower
C)Batista
D)Kennedy
E)Khrushchev
Q2) Deng Xiaoping
Q3) Communist Party
Q4) In 1964,this US president won congressional approval for a full-scale war against the communist regime in Hanoi.
A)Kennedy.
B)Johnson.
C)Eisenhower.
D)Nixon.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q5) Jawaharial Nehru
Q6) Ahmed Sukarno
Q7) Containment
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Chapter 31: Toward a New World Order, 1975 - 2000
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deng Xiaoping
Q2) Shanghai
Q3) After years of apartheid,how did black South Africans finally destroy the system and create a democracy in South Africa?
Q4) William Jefferson Clinton
Q5) Afghanistan
Q6) In 1993,the administration of ____ showed increasing concern about the Taliban in Afghanistan in the aftermath of the Soviet withdrawal.
A)H.W.Bush
B)Clinton
C)Carter
D)G.W.Bush
E)Ford
Q7) Taliban
Q8) Mikhail Gorbachev
Q9) Osama bin Laden
Q10) Velvet Revolution
Q11) Persian Gulf War
Q12) Andrei Sakharov Page 40
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Chapter 32: Voyage Into the Twenty-First Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regional trade blocs usually involve controversy and tough bargaining because of which of the following?
A)Nations are forced to raise tariffs.
B)Unions are not allowed to strike because of foreign competition.
C)Nations are forced to drop all tariffs.
D)Regional goals have to be taken into consideration,along with national ones.
E)None of these
Q2) Which of the following statements is true relating to the present-day crisis associated with global warming and deforestation?
A)All of the answers are correct.
B)High prices and demand for tropical hardwoods have felled vast areas of forests.
C)In Brazil,farmers have an incentive to cut forests to plant sugar and soybean
D)Central Africa and Indonesia have been leading nations in deforestation.
E)To evade environmental regulations,many nations have been subject to political bribery.
Q3) Ai Weiwei
Q4) Muhammad Yusuf
Q5) World Trade Organization
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