Weather and Climate Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of atmospheric processes and their role in shaping Earth's weather and climate. Students will examine the fundamental principles of meteorology, including atmospheric composition, energy transfer, cloud formation, and patterns of precipitation. The course also covers large-scale climate systems, the mechanisms behind climate change, and the interaction between human activities and the atmosphere. Through lectures, case studies, and practical activities, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of both short-term weather phenomena and long-term climate trends, equipping them with the knowledge to interpret forecasts and analyze global climate issues.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Physical Geography 3rd Edition by Alan F. Arbogast
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20 Chapters
2538 Verified Questions
2538 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical Geography
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Geographers are studying the effects of the clearing of the tropical rainforests,which leads to soil erosion,loss of wildlife habitat,and species extinction.This study falls into which of the following categories?
A) deforestation
B) farmland loss
C) global climate change
D) natural hazards
E) none of these
Answer: A
Q2) Physical geography can be described as the spatial analysis of naturally occurring events or human responses that can be measured.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A process is a naturally occurring series of events or reactions that combine to form the environment in a nonmeasurable way.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Geographers Tools
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172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about remote sensing is not true?
A) Remote sensing operates on the principle that objects on the Earth emit electromagnetic radiation that can be measured.
B) Objects on the Earth emit energy that is both visible and invisible to our unaided eyes.
C) A remote-sensing image begins with a measurement of emissivity by the satellite.
D) The collected data is only sent out to scientific users as false-colored images.
E) False-color images highlight particular geographic features of interest.
Answer: D
Q2) Contours connect points of equal sedimentary thickness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) As you move away from the Equator,your latitude decreases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Earth-Sun Geometry and the Seasons
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,higher latitudes receive less intense solar radiation than lower latitudes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The diameter of the Sun is about 1000 times the diameter of the Earth.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The point in the Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun is called
A) perihelion.
B) aphelion.
C) the plane of the ecliptic.
D) the rotation axis.
E) the semimajor axis.
Answer: A
Q4) The Earth follows a circular orbit around the Sun.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Global Energy System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following demonstrates the naturally occurring formation of ozone?
A) An O molecule absorbs UV energy, which causes it to split into two O atoms.
B) A single O atom combines with an O molecule to form O .
C) An O molecule absorbs UV radiation and splits into O + O.
D) A Cl atom reacts with an O molecule creating ClO and O .
E) A ClO molecule gives up its O to another single O from an O .
Q2) Select all of the following that are true for nitrogen in the atmosphere.
A) It comes from the chemical breakdown of specific types of rocks.
B) It can be fixed into chemical compounds in the soil.
C) It is largely inert in the atmosphere.
D) The amount produced by plants is balanced by the amount absorbed by various organisms.
E) It makes up very little of the atmosphere.
Q3) Of all of the solar radiation entering the atmosphere,about 21% is reflected back to space by clouds.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Variable gases make up less than 1% of the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Global Temperature Patterns
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This layer of the atmosphere has an environmental lapse rate of (on average)6.4°C per 1000 m.
A) stratopause
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) thermosphere
E) stratosphere
Q2) What is the maritime versus continental effect,and why does it occur?
Q3) The name of this layer of the atmosphere is derived from a Greek word meaning turning or mixing.
A) stratopause
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) thermosphere
E) stratosphere
Q4) What is the melting point of ice?
A) 100°F
B) 0°F
C) 0°C
D) 355°K
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Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, wind, and Global
Circulation
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116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air pressure is
A) the force of gravity on a body at the surface.
B) the force that air molecules exert on a surface due to their weight.
C) higher at higher altitudes.
D) higher at higher temperatures.
E) a measure of the average speed of the air molecules.
Q2) Select all of the following statements that are true about air movement and air pressure.
A) When you have a volume of ascending air, you have a high-pressure system.
B) When you have a volume of descending air, you have a high-pressure system.
C) When you have a volume of ascending air, you have a low-pressure system.
D) The horizontal airflow around the center of a high-pressure system is counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
E) Large areas of relatively high pressure are referred to as anticyclones.
Q3) Easterly winds originate in the east and flow toward the west.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between convection and advection?
Q5) What are Rossby waves,and where are they found?
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Chapter 7: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dry adiabatic lapse rate is
A) the average change in temperature of still air with altitude.
B) the change in temperature that occurs due to variations in air pressure.
C) the rate at which an unsaturated body of air cools while lifting or warms while descending.
D) the altitude at which water changes from the vapor to the liquid phase.
E) the rate at which a saturated body of air cools as it lifts.
Q2) Frontal uplift is most common in the low latitudes along the ITCZ.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The wet adiabatic lapse rate applies to both rising and descending air.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Water is capable of moving upward against the pull of gravity through thin openings; this movement is called
A) hydrogen bonding.
B) gravitational uplift.
C) capillary action.
D) hydrology.
Q5) Why does ice float on water,even though both are made of the same substance?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Air Masses and Cyclonic Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a tornado watch to be changed to a tornado warning,either a tornado has been reported or the radar shows sufficiently hazardous conditions to indicate a tornado.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The passage of a warm front means the temperatures will rise.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are true about midlatitude cyclones?
A) Prior to the development of a midlatitude cyclone, the polar front is a stationary front.
B) Their formation is typically independent of the jet stream.
C) Their formation is called cyclogenesis.
D) The mT air mass is most likely to be associated with the precipitation.
E) They are formed by two air masses interacting only in the upper atmosphere.
Q4) If a thunderstorm becomes especially severe during a tornado watch,you can safely delay seeking shelter until a tornado warning for your location is issued.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Global Climates and Global Climate Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true about the Atacama Desert?
A) It is the driest place on Earth.
B) Continentality and rain shadow are major factors responsible for the dry conditions.
C) STH and the ITCZ are major factors responsible for the dry conditions.
D) It is the second driest place on Earth, behind the Sahara Desert.
E) Cold ocean current and rain shadow are major factors responsible for the dry conditions.
F) Cold ocean current and STH are major factors responsible for the dry conditions
Q2) The climate of western Washington and Oregon,Europe,Tasmania,and New Zealand is
A) humid continental mild-summer.
B) humid subtropical hot-summer.
C) Mediterranean dry-summer.
D) humid continental hot-summer.
E) marine west-coast.
Q3) The B climates are found on virtually every continent.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most widely used climate classification system was developed by
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Chapter 10: Plant Geography
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Microscopic plants that grow in the upper part of the ocean where sunlight penetrates are
A) phytoplankton.
B) xerophytes.
C) epiphytes.
D) detritus.
E) ecotones.
Q2) Midlatitude forests include
A) midlatitude deciduous forest and midlatitude coniferous forest.
B) Mediterranean woodland and shrub.
C) boreal forest.
D) BOTH a and b.
E) ALL of these.
Q3) The temperature associated with the limit of tree growth is
A) 0°C (32°F).
B) 2.8°C (37°F).
C) 6.5°C (43.7°F).
D) 12.5°C (54.5°F).
E) 14.5°C (58.1°F).
Q4) Along with orange,the color plants generally reflect is __________.
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Chapter 11: The Global Distribution and Character of Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parent material is the most important development factor for a vertisol.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Write in the name of the horizon that each of the following statement describes:
i)mineral soil horizon characterized by the illuvial accumulation of aluminum,iron,and organic carbon [1]
ii)diagnostic horizon of podzolization from which class and free iron oxides have been removed,resulting in a light-colored E horizon [2]
iii)diagnostic horizon that is enriched in illuviated calcium carbonate [3]
iv)hard,cemented layer of calcium carbonate deposits in a calcic horizon of the soil [4]
v)diagnostic horizon that forms due to the recrystallization of secondary salts [5]
Q3) _________ are positively charged ions.
A) Solum
B) Cations
C) Chroma
D) Colloids
E) Epipedon
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Chapter 12: Earth S Internal Structure, rock Cycle, and Geologic Time
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___[1]____ cools on Earth's surface to form ____[2]_____,and ___[3]____ cools inside the Earth to form ____[4]_____.
Answer 1 Choices
Lava Magma
Answer 2 Choices:
clastic sedimentary rock extrusive igneous rock intrusive igneous rock metamorphic rock
Answer 3 Choices:
lava magma
Answer 4 Choices
clastic sedimentary rock extrusive igneous rock intrusive igneous rock metamorphic rock
Q2) The Hadean,Archean,and Proterozoic comprise the time referred to as
Q3) An amorphous mass of consolidated mineral matter is a __________.
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Chapter 13: Tectonic Processes and Landforms
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The logarithmic scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake is the:
A) Mercalli Scale.
B) Richter Scale.
C) Mohs Scale.
D) Fujita Scale.
E) Saffir-Simpson Scale.
Q2) Mount Capulin is a composite cone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The giant supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago is called
Q4) If a convergent boundary involves oceanic crust, subduction will occur.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Convection currents resulting from the heat from radioactive decay move the lithospheric plates.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The best example of continental to continental plate convergence is the __________, the world's highest mountain chain.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Weathering and Mass Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) .Alternate freezing and thawing of water in rock cracks is the form of weathering called __________.
Q2) The type of weathering that results in changes in the composition of the material is __________ weathering.
Q3) Mechanical weathering is decomposition,while chemical is disintegration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mudflows can carry large boulders.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The debris flow in La Conchita,CA in January 2005 was the first time mass-wasting events had happened there.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Limestone is less resistant to physical weathering than shale.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Rust is a form of hydrolysis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Groundwater and Karst Landscapes
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Sample Questions
Q1) This type of karst topography occurs in humid subtropical areas where thick beds of limestone and high water tables exist.
A) hayseed karst
B) fantastic karst
C) tower karst
D) feature karst
E) disappearing stream karst
Q2) Why does tower (or haystack)karst develop?
Q3) One way to limit the loss of water from an aquifer is to allow the fields to be left fallow.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ also plays a role in eroding limestone deposits by providing organic acids that enhance the solution process.
A) Groundwater
B) Aquicludes
C) Vegetation
D) Dissolution
E) Surface water
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Chapter 16: Fluvial Systems and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) This type of load transported in a river usually consists of clays and silts that are held up in the water by turbulence.
A) bedload
B) suspended load
C) dissolved load
D) saltation
E) rolling
Q2) What does the d term in the stream discharge equation ()stand for?
A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge
Q3) What does the s term in the stream discharge equation ()represent?
A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge
Q4) What are the three stages associated with the formation of an oxbow lake?
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Chapter 17: Glacial Geomorphology: Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is unsorted sediment deposited indirectly or directly by a glacier.
A) Glacial till
B) Glacial drift
C) Glacial meltwater
D) Basal till
E) Ablation till
Q2) Continental glaciers are located in over 50 places around the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During the Last Glacial period (18KYBP),__________% of the Earth was covered by ice.
A) 10
B) 30
C) 57
D) 84
E) 100
Q4) The interior of a glacier is almost always at a standstill.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) How do glaciers move? At what rate do glaciers move? What impacts their motion?
Chapter 18: Arid Landscapes and Eolian Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The highest point of the dune is called the A) crest.
B) backslope.
C) peak.
D) tip.
E) angle of dune advancement.
Q2) Desertification that occurred in the United States during the 1930s is known as the A) desertification era.
B) great depression.
C) Dust Bowl.
D) dry period.
E) eolian epoch.
Q3) What were the causes of desertification in the Sahel region of Africa?
Q4) The presence of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is one of the main reasons dry regions develop around the world.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What three factors impact the distribution of dry regions around the world?
Q6) How did the Great Sand Dunes National Monument develop?
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Chapter 19: Coastal Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water that has a salinity between 15 and 35 parts per thousand is considered A) saline.
B) brine.
C) brackish.
D) eustatic.
E) ria.
Q2) Depositional coastal features develop through the process of sediment accumulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ocean is a large body of salt water that covers 85% of the Earth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are waves?
Q5) A wave is an oscillation produced from the frictional force of wind blowing across the surface of the water.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the two components of littoral drift,and why are they important?
Q7) What are spring tides and neap tides,and how are they different?
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Chapter 20: Population Growth and Environmental Impacts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Australia has some of the oldest rocks on Earth; some are even 3.5 billion years old at the surface.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The maximum number of people an area can support without degrading the natural,social,cultural,and economic environment is called its __________.
Q3) The last ice age ended about 10-13 thousand years ago.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The __________ is the channel that transported water from the Colorado River to southern Arizona in the 1950s.
A) Tucson Canal
B) Colorado River Aqueduct
C) Colorado River Dam System
D) Central Arizona Project
E) Trans American Aqueduct
Q5) About ___[Answer1]_[AnswerUnits1]______ people lived in Clark County Nevada (Las Vegas)in the year 1900 and about ___[Answer2]_[AnswerUnits2]________ people lived there in 2000.
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