Visual Culture Studies
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Visual Culture Studies explores the ways in which visual images, media, and artifacts shape and reflect cultural meanings, identities, and power relations. This interdisciplinary course examines a wide range of visual forms including art, photography, film, television, digital media, advertising, and architecture analyzing how they communicate ideas, values, and ideologies in various historical and social contexts. Students will engage with key theories and methodologies from fields such as art history, media studies, cultural studies, and anthropology, developing critical skills to interpret and evaluate visual phenomena in everyday life and global culture.
Recommended Textbook
Art A Brief History 6th Edition by Marilyn Stokstad
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21 Chapters
674 Verified Questions
674 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art in Europe
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the tomb interior at Newgrange,Ireland,in light of at least three architectural innovations.
Answer: Essay responses should include these points:
The dolmen is a tomb chamber formed of huge upright stones supporting one or more table-like rocks, or capstones, in a post-and-lintel system.
The structure was then mounded over with smaller rocks and dirt to form a cairn, or artificial hill.
Passage graves have corridors leading into a large burial chamber.
At Newgrange, a 62-foot-long passageway lined with standing stones leads into a three-part chamber with a corbel vault.
Q2) The oldest dated European cave paintings are at A)Lascaux.
B)Altamira.
C)Chauvet.
D)Cogul Lerida.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Art of the Ancient Near East
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Q1) The Sumerians worshiped many gods,among them Inanna,the goddess of
A)love and beauty.
B)love and happiness.
C)love and death.
D)love and war.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the term for the traditional ways of representing forms?
A)homages
B)salutations
C)registers
D)conventions
Answer: D
Q3) Which two great rivers run through Mesopotamia?
A)the Euphrates and the Nile
B)the Indus and the Nile
C)the Nile and the Tigris
D)the Tigris and the Euphrates
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Art of Ancient Egypt
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reign of Akhenaten is also known as the A)Amarna period.
B)Second Intermediate period.
C)Babylonian Captivity.
D)Ptolemaic period.
Answer: A
Q2) Compare the sculptures of the Seated Scribe and Khafre.
Answer: Essay responses should include these points:
The figure of the scribe is much more realistic, with a wrinkled stomach.
Khafre is shown in perfect shape and is idealized.
Khafre is shown wearing the symbols of the pharaoh, such as the cobra headdress, false beard, and kilt.
The scribe is shown with a stylus and papyrus, symbolizing intelligence.
Q3) The oldest and largest of the Giza pyramids is that of A)Djoser.
B)Khafre.
C)Khufu.
D)Menkaure.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Early Asian Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the religiously sanctioned hereditary social classes in India called?
A)samsara
B)mudras
C)castes
D)vedas
Q2) The Indus Valley civilization is also called
A)Aryan.
B)Akkadian.
C)Mauryan.
D)Harappan.
Q3) Describe the Silk Road and its use and effect in China and the West.
Q4) Which Shinto shrine has been ritually rebuilt every 20 years?
A)Inner Shrine,Ise,Japan
B)Horyu-ji,Japan
C)Nanchan Temple,China
D)Great Stupa,Sanchi,India
Q5) How is the colossal Seated Buddha from Sanxi,China,different from its earlier Indian counterparts?
Q6) Explain the symbolism of the Eternal Shiva from the Cave-Temple at Elephanta.
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Q7) Discuss how the purpose and design of Horiyu-Ji reveals the influence of China.
Chapter 5: Art of Ancient Greece and the Aegean World
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Q1) The Parthenon is a Greek temple dedicated to A)Poseidon.
B)Athena.
C)Aphrodite.
D)Zeus.
Q2) How does the altar from Pergamon highlight the characteristics of Hellenistic art?
Q3) The Minoan writing that has been deciphered is A)hieroglyphic.
B)Linear A.
C)Linear B.
D)cuneiform.
Q4) What subtle adjustments or refinements were made in the Parthenon that gave it a more organic appearance? Speculate about the possible reasons for these refinements.
Q5) How does the Aphrodite of Melos combine fourth-century styles with Hellenistic styles?
Q6) Describe the stylistic development that occurred from the time of the Peplos Kore,to the Parthenon's pedimental sculpture,to Nike Adjusting Her Sandal.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Etruscan and Roman Art
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Q1) In 509 BCE,the Romans
A)became an empire with an emperor.
B)conquered Greece and adopted Greek customs.
C)overthrew the Etruscans and set up a republic.
D)began a reign by Etruscan dictators.
Q2) What device is used inside the dome of the Pantheon to lighten its weight?
A)coffers
B)columns
C)groin vaults
D)pilasters
Q3) Which were the two Roman architectural orders?
A)Doric and Tuscan
B)Tuscan and Composite
C)Composite and Ionic
D)Corinthian and Ionic
Q4) A round arch consists of which of the following?
A)voussoirs and buttresses
B)voussoirs and keystones
C)keystones and voussoirs
D)keystones and arcades
8
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Chapter 7: Jewish, early Christian, and Byzantine Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the eleventh century,Byzantium gave special trade status to this city,which allowed it to control much of the commerce between the Eastern Empire and Western Europe.
A)Rome
B)Kiev
C)Venice
D)Milan
Q2) Where was the synagogue at Dura-Europos located?
A)private home
B)catacomb
C)palace
D)marketplace
Q3) Discuss the theme of the "good shepherd" in Early Christian and Byzantine art.What was its importance to Christians? What antecedents did it have? How did it change over time?
Q4) The wings that intersect with the nave and aisles at a right angle are known as A)colonnades.
B)apses.
C)transepts.
D)arcades.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Islamic Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the Dome of the Rock reveal the presence of outside architectural and decorative influences?
Q2) "Submission" is the literal meaning of the word
A)Islam.
B)Muslim.
C)Koran.
D)Mosque.
Q3) Relate the Islamic idea of paradise to the Alhambra's Court of the Lions.
Q4) What current political structure exists in the Islamic world after the dissolution of the great Islamic empires?
A)monarchy
B)autocracy
C)nation-state
D)dictatorship
Q5) Who wrote The Maqamat (The Assemblies)?
A)Sa'di
B)Abu Azyd
C)al-Hariri
D)Muawiya
Q6) Who are Muhammad,Abu Bakr,and Ali,and what was their role in the Islamic faith?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Later Asian Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is a construction method used in Japan in which a large wooden sculpture is made from smaller carved blocks?
A)woodblock
B)system
C)joined-block
D)assemblage
Q2) Which was the new system of thought that developed during the Song dynasty?
A)Daoism
B)Buddhism
C)Neo-Confucianism
D)Hinduism
Q3) Which subject was of special interest to Neo-Confucian artists?
A)portraits
B)still lifes
C)histories
D)landscapes
Q4) What makes Chinese landscape painting fundamentally different from Western landscape painting? Explain why a viewer might be able to "wander" through a Song painting more easily than a Western painting.
Q5) Discuss the iconography of Shiva Nataraja.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Early Medieval and Romanesque Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the style and iconographic meaning of the page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples.
Q2) In the eleventh century,pilgrims traveled to what they considered to be the three holiest places in Christendom: Christ's tomb in Jerusalem,St.Peter's tomb in Rome,and the shrine of St.James in A)Alexandria,Egypt.
B)Bethlehem,Palestine.
C)Santiago de Compostela,Spain.
D)Patmos,Greece.
Q3) Who revived large-scale,complex bronze casting during the Early Medieval period?
A)Gislebertus
B)Bishop Odo
C)Abbess Hitda
D)Bishop Bernward
Q4) Which of the following modern geographical areas was part of Charlemagne's empire?
A)eastern Germany
B)England
C)Belgium
D)northeastern Spain
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gothic Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the style and the significance of the two-page opening with Psalm 1 from the Windmill Psalter from the thirteenth century.
Q2) What was Gothic architecture called in its own time?
A)modern
B)Italian
C)old-fashioned
D)ancient
Q3) Who introduced the term Gothic?
A)Michelangelo Buonarroti
B)Giorgio Vasari
C)Petrarch
D)Dante
Q4) What is significant about the Altneuschul in Prague?
A)It is the oldest synagogue in Europe.
B)It was the first central-plan church.
C)It was the first university in Europe.
D)It is the tallest synagogue in the world.
Q5) List and describe the architectural elements that combined to make the Gothic style and describe the overall effect that was achieved.
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Chapter 12: Early Renaissance Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is a process in which lines are cut into a plate with a burin and the low areas are printed?
A)aquatint
B)engraving
C)woodcut
D)lithography
Q2) What was the area of western Belgium,southwestern Netherlands,and a small part of northern France called in the fifteenth century?
A)Aquitaine
B)Holy Roman Empire
C)Flanders
D)Aragon
Q3) What is the setting for Robert Campin's Annunciation?
A)in a first-century home in Palestine
B)in a fifteenth-century Flemish home
C)in a Gothic church
D)a landscape in Judea
Q4) Describe how Martin Schongauer created an emotionally charged engraving.Give examples of technique and compare this technique with that of a woodcut.
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Chapter 13: Art of the High Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Which of the following influenced sixteenth-century thinking so that paintings of female nudes became socially acceptable?
A)the decline of Christianity
B)the interest in Classical mythology
C)the dress styles of the day
D)a relaxing of moral standards
Q2) Which artist depicted Jesus with a broad-brimmed hat and a shovel?
A)Veronese
B)Tintoretto
C)Grünewald
D)Fontana
Q3) Which of the following is a grand country palace?
A)palazzo
B)domicile
C)insula
D)château
Q4) How does Hieronymus Bosch's painting Garden of Earthly Delights defy the traditions of the Renaissance?
Q5) Compare and contrast Lucas Cranach's Nymph of the Spring and Titian's "Venus" of Urbino.
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Chapter 14: Seventeenth-Century Art in Europe
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Q1) What caused repeated rebellions in the early seventeenth century in Spain?
A)the economic decline of agriculture and trade
B)religious disagreements
C)failing monarchy
D)excess spending by the ruling class
Q2) Which word best describes Nicolas Poussin?
A)Medievalist
B)Classicist
C)Modernist
D)Realist
Q3) What made the flower paintings of Rachel Ruysch so highly prized?
A)the personal expression
B)the historical context
C)the color harmonies
D)the linear perspective
Q4) To whom does the phrase le Roi Soleil ("the Sun King")refer?
A)Phillip IV of Spain
B)Charles I of England
C)Louis XIV of France
D)Henri IV of France
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Art of the Americas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did the Canadian government outlaw the Winter Ceremony and potlatches in 1885?
A)The ceremonies had resulted in injury and death.
B)The government claimed that the ceremonies promoted prostitution and cannibalism.
C)The elders decided the ceremonies had become meaningless.
D)The tribe voted to adopt Christianity.
Q2) Which ancient Americans made the most accurate calendar?
A)Olmec
B)Aztec
C)Nazca
D)Maya
Q3) Which technique did the Moche use to mass-produce some ceramic forms?
A)lost-wax casting
B)geoglyphs
C)molds
D)assembly line
Q4) How was the Chilkat Blanket used? Discuss the formal qualities and style.
Q5) Describe the iconography of The Founding of Tenochtitlan page from the Codex Mendoza.
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Chapter 16: African Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did figures such as the Spirit Spouse display the most admired and desirable marks of beauty?
A)to please the owners
B)to encourage spirits to assist the owners of the figures
C)to transform the power of the figure to the gods
D)to represent the beauty of the ancestors
Q2) In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,when rival warfare caused the decline of the city of Old Jenné,which of the following traditions came to an end?
A)weaving
B)stone architecture
C)bronze casting
D)ceramic sculpture
Q3) The first mosque of Jenné was constructed from A)stone.
B)brick.
C)adobe.
D)wood.
Q4) Explain the myth of "primitive" art and how it applies to African art.
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Chapter 17: European and American Art, 1715-1840
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Q1) Which movement did the archaeological excavations at Pompeii stimulate?
A)Neoclassicism
B)Romanticism
C)Rococo
D)Realism
Q2) Which Baroque element did David include in his Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard?
A)the loose,fluid brushwork
B)the emphasis on color over line
C)the sweeping diagonals
D)evocation of intense emotion
Q3) Who is best known for severe Classical paintings that extol the antique virtues of moral incorruptibility,stoicism,courage,and patriotism?
A)Thomas Gainsborough
B)Jacques-Louis David
C)Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
D)Théodore Géricault
Q4) Describe the composition and style of Jean-Honoré Fragonard's The Swing.
Q5) What made the Raft of the "Medusa" so controversial? Consider both style and subject matter.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: European and American Art, 1840-1910
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Q1) Which group first organized exhibitions independent from the official Salon?
A)the Realists
B)the Impressionists
C)the Post-Impressionists
D)the Symbolists
Q2) In the Wainwright Building,what did Louis Sullivan adapt from the Beaux-Arts tradition?
A)steel construction
B)a vertical emphasis
C)opulent ornamentation
D)base,body,and crowning cornice elements
Q3) The original idea of the avant-garde,as applied to art,was that it would prepare people for
A)social change.
B)intellectual ideas.
C)unusual designs.
D)new subject matter.
Q4) Compare and contrast the architectural style of the Opéra and the Wainwright Building.
Q5) What was japonisme and how did it influence Western art? Give an example.
Page 20
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Chapter
1900-1945
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Q1) What took on new importance in the work of Henry Moore?
A)texture
B)holes
C)the materials
D)motion
Q2) Which kind of art must communicate exclusively through formal means,such as line,shape,color,and texture?
A)realist
B)nonrepresentational
C)abstract
D)intuitive
Q3) Which of the following is the name for the movement of African American writers,artists,and musicians who explored black experience and identity?
A)Precisionists
B)Harlem Renaissance
C)New Realists
D)Regionalists
Q4) Describe the characteristics of the Les Fauves movement,using Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)by Henri Matisse as an example.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Art Since 1945
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Q1) Architecture that is complex,contradictory,and borrows from "high" and "low" architecture and from the past is which of the following styles?
A)International Style
B)Postmodern
C)Beaux-Arts
D)Chicago style
Q2) Which is often the subject of Shirin Neshat's photographs?
A)Islamic history
B)Islamic landmarks
C)Islamic men
D)Islamic women
Q3) Which of the following eliminated the art object itself?
A)Performance artists
B)Conceptual artists
C)Minimalists
D)Pop artists
Q4) How does the work of Judy Chicago embody the feminist movement? Discuss the iconography of her work,The Dinner Party.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Introduction
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Q1) What is art history? What are some of the natural and human threats to artworks that concern contemporary art historians? Give an example.
Q2) In the ancient world,how were painters and sculptors viewed?
A)as educated elite
B)as individuals
C)as gods
D)as laborers
Q3) Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Italian Architects,Painters,and Sculptors,the main publication from which art historians trace the beginnings of the discipline?
A)Giorgio Vasari
B)Pliny the Elder
C)Johann Joachim Winckelmann
D)Parrhasios
Q4) Describe the iconography of Still Life with Fruit and Flowers by Clara Peeters.
Q5) A painting that portrays inanimate objects is called a A)canon.
B)lithograph.
C)still life.
D)trompe l'oeil.
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