Victimology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Victimology is the scientific study of victims of crime, exploring their experiences, interactions with the criminal justice system, and the psychological, social, and legal ramifications of victimization. The course examines the patterns, causes, and consequences of various forms of victimization, such as violent crime, domestic abuse, and white-collar crimes, while also addressing current policies and practices related to victim rights, support services, and prevention strategies. Students will analyze theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and practical responses to victimization, gaining insight into how societal attitudes and legal processes affect victims and the broader implications for justice and public policy.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 6th Edition by Frank J. Schmalleger
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14 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Criminology
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The social responsibility perspective on crime reduction focuses on the ________.
A)individual
B)society
C)government
D)justice system as a whole
Answer: A
Q2) Without a law in place to circumscribe a particular behavior,there can be no crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What is the study of criminology and the different types of career paths available in the discipline?
Answer: Answers should define the study of criminology as the study of crime,define criminologists as engaged in the study of crime/criminal behaviors,and explain a few of the types of career paths for criminology including the fields of criminal justice and criminalistics.
Q4) A ________ studies crime,criminals,and criminal behavior.
Answer: criminologist
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Chapter 2: Where Do Theories Come From
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _________ method is a research technique that produces subjective results.
Answer: qualitative method
Q2) Survey research helps criminologists collect data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Theories help us with all of the following except
A)providing patters for interpretation of data.
B)creating larger understandings for human behavior.
C)creating singular understandings for human behavior.
D)building frameworks for understanding concepts.
Answer: C
Q4) A __________ design is useful when social settings are beyond the control of the researcher.
Answer: quasi-experimental
Q5) Protecting participant confidentiality should be included in a researcher's code of ethics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
4
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Chapter 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are considered among the heritage of the Classic School,except A)hedonism.
B)free will.
C)rationality.
D)due process.
Answer: B
Q2) Positivism developed from the Classic School.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) ___________ created the belief of hedonistic calculus,stating that behavior holds value to any individual undertaking it according to the amount of pain or pleasure it can be expected to produce for the person.
Answer: Jeremy Bentham
Q4) Name and discuss the five principles of the heritage of the Classic School.
Answer: Answers should list and define the following: rationality,hedonism,punishment,human rights,and due process of law.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theoretical perspective was developed by Edward Wilson?
A)sociobiology
B)positivism
C)biosocial criminology
D)constitutional theories
Q2) Claims that physical abnormalities may be linked to crime exist today.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Some researchers have found that vitamin deficiency can impact delinquency in children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Biological theory states that the basic determinants of human behavior are __________ based.
A)physiologically
B)psychologically
C)economically
D)deviant
Q5) Explain Lorenz's view of biological aggression and modern crime.
Q6) A critique of twin studies is a critique of __________ theory.
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Chapter 5: Psychology and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the attachment theory and provide an example of how criminal behavior may be explained through this theory.
Q2) _________ is a psychological principle that holds that the frequency of any behavior can be increased or decreased through reward and punishment.
Q3) Forensic psychologists are often called criminal psychologists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The moral guide to the personality is the ________.
A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)Thanatos
Q5) Which of the following is not a concept of psychoanalysis?
A)Oedipus complex
B)self-control
C)repression
D)personality neurosis
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Q6) Explain Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.Be sure to touch upon what Freud believed makes up the human personality.
Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) The subculture approach has been criticized for ________.
A)being racist
B)ignoring poverty
C)placing too much emphasis on poverty
D)placing too much emphasis on education
Q2) Conduct norms are acquired early in life through childhood _________.
Q3) The Chicago Area Project focused on combating _________.
A)social disorganization
B)poverty
C)cultural values
D)social strain
Q4) Sociological theories believe that the structure and degree of organization or disorganization of society contribute to criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Those who turn to crime because they are unable to attain economic success through other legitimate avenues are an example of the strain theory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The life course perspective helps explain ________.
A)individual rehabilitation
B)criminal careers
C)self-control
D)social learning
Q2) Communicating that stealing is okay if you really need something is an example of _______.
A)differential association
B)labeling
C)society
D)tagging
Q3) Social process theories suggest that crime-prevention programs should work to enhance _______.
A)self-control
B)social values
C)social control
D)individuality
Q4) The life course perspective is a social process theory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Conflict Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Class,State,and Crime,Quinney argued that most crimes committed by members of the lower classes are a function of greed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following social conflicts theories holds that crime-control agencies must work in concert with citizens to alleviate social problems such as crime?
A)left-realist criminology
B)convict criminology
C)radical criminology
D)peacemaking criminology
Q3) Which of the following statements represents a major critique of peacemaking criminology?
A)Peacemaking criminology is naïve and utopian.
B)Peacemaking criminology is increasingly incoherent.
C)Peacemaking criminology is unnecessarily complex.
D)Peacemaking criminology is anti-theory.
Q4) ________________________ is a contemporary social theorist whose major work describes the various analytical perspectives on social organization.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Crimes Against Persons
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Sample Questions
Q1) The federal legislation known as ________________ was enacted in 1994 and intended to address,reduce,and respond to crimes enacted against women.
Q2) According to the most recent available data,at which of the following locations is robbery most likely to occur?
A)street/highway
B)private residence
C)commercial house
D)bank
Q3) Robbery is classified as a violent crime because it involves the threat or use of force.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Exposure-reduction theory is used to explain which of the following criminological phenomena?
A)the reduction in rape cases since the 1950s
B)the increase in drug-related crime since the 1990s
C)the decline in intimate-partner homicide since the 1980s
D)the increase in rates of alcohol dependency since the 1970s
Q5) The illegal killing of four or more victims at one event is ________________.
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Chapter 10: Crimes Against Property
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to convert goods stolen from a household into cash,the _____uses a fence or receiver of stolen goods.
Q2) What is the term for a person who buys and sells stolen goods on a regular basis?
A)amateur receiver
B)avocational receiver
C)middleman
D)fence
Q3) Car thieves target the most popular cars,such as the Toyota Camry,because the car _____are most easily marketed.
Q4) A thief who steals a car for _____ is more likely than not to know the owner of the stolen car.
Q5) All thieves who are persistent are considered professional thieves.
A)True
B)False
Q6) People who shoplift on a _____ level are called boosters.
Q7) According to research,both the highest- and the lowest-income households have the ______ chance of being burglarized.
Q8) The most serious form of property crime is_____.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Balkan organized crime families affiliated with Mafia families before establishing their own organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) WorldCom,Inc.executives were charged with ______ fraud in 2002.
Q3) Define the five types of activities that may qualify as organized crime
Q4) Elected officials in large major cities such as Chicago and New York are seldom connected to organized crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What approaches might best control organized crime? Give examples of these approaches
Q6) White-collar crime is less likely to result in prosecution than other type of crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Summarize the organized crime code known as Omertà.
Q8) Ponzi,pyramid and prime bank schemes are all instances of securities fraud.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Public Order and Drug Crimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prostitution is a _____issue to feminists.
Q2) Cocaine and crack cocaine were the drugs most commonly abused by jail inmates. A)True
B)False
Q3) Drugs like cocaine and heroin are _____ to smuggle.
Q4) How many tons of cocaine is seized annually in the U.S.?
A)nearly 500 tons
B)about 140 tons
C)around 20 tons
D)over 280 tons
Q5) Most juvenile detainees tend to use marijuana as their drug of choice.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In which of the following categories of controlled substances does the drug "meth" belong?
A)depressants
B)inhalants
C)hallucinogens
D)stimulants
Q7) Discuss what drugs most often enter the United States and from where.
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Chapter 13: Technology and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Technology is used by both crime fighters and law breakers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The first person to be indicted for writing something on the Internet was charged by the FBI after posting threats and released after 29 days in prison based on his writings being protected under the free speech clause.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The yearly cost of cybercrime is over half a billion dollars.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ISPs are mainly involved in doing which of the following?
A)hosting websites
B)building the Internet
C)providing Internet access
D)helping users find information
Q5) Most hackers are young adolescent males.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the range of cybercriminals known as hackers.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Globalization and Terrorism
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Why do people tend to prefer their own culture's native behavioral patterns,values,beliefs,and customs?
A)because a sense of superiority is built into cultural teaching
B)because of cultural indoctrination,which teaches them that C)because they are socialized from birth into their own culture
D)because ethnocentricity is a key component of all cultures
Q2) The abbreviation WMD stands for something highly desirable to terrorist organizations: ________.
Q3) INTERPOL and ________ are the only international organizations that regularly collect crime statistics from a large number of countries.
A)the United Nations (UN)
B)the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C)the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
D)the State Department
Q4) What is the main challenge for comparative criminologists?
A)to identify crimes that deserve comparative analysis
B)to develop theories that can be applied to multiple cultures
C)to envision a unified theory of criminology
D)to create policies that take other cultures into account
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