Urban Sociology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Urban Sociology explores the social structures, processes, and problems that characterize cities and urban life. This course examines the historical development of urbanization, the influences of migration and globalization, spatial organization of cities, and the various social groups and subcultures that shape urban environments. Students will analyze the relationship between social inequality, race, and housing, and consider issues such as urban policy, planning, and sustainability. Through theoretical perspectives and case studies, the course encourages critical engagement with the challenges and opportunities of life in urban settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Social Problems 10th Edition by Thomas J. Sullivan
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15 Chapters
600 Verified Questions
600 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Study of Social Problems
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Karl Marx,the ________ consisted of those who owned the businesses,factories,and textile mills.
A)proletariat
B)bourgeoisie
C)precariat
D)proles
Answer: B
Q2) What are symbols,and how do people attach meaning to symbols?
Answer: A symbol is something that stands for,represents,or takes the place of something else.Anything-any object,event,or word-can serve as a symbol.The meaning attached to a symbol is derived from social consensus;people simply agree that a particular object will represent something.
Q3) A social condition is considered to be a social problem if it ________.
A)threatens a group's values
B)cannot be remedied by social action
C)poses a threat to an individual's values and beliefs
D)affects a small number of people
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Concentration of Power: Economic and Political Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the difference between a capitalist economy and a socialist economy?
A)A capitalist economy is characterized by production based on economic demand,whereas a socialist economy is characterized by production based on human demand.
B)A pure capitalist economy is very rare,whereas a pure socialist economy is followed in most of the countries today.
C)A capitalist economy is primarily motivated to achieve collective goals,whereas a socialist economy is motivated to make higher profits.
D)A capitalist economy allows greater government intervention in deciding on economic activities,whereas a socialist economy restricts government intervention in such activities.
Answer: A
Q2) In a capitalist economy,the government is prohibited from ________.
A)framing policies to maintain public order
B)deciding the prices of goods and wages of laborers
C)protecting companies against foreign threats
D)allowing market forces to operate unhindered
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Family-Related Problems
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What changes have taken place in the media's portrayal of gay and lesbian characters?
Answer: There has been a substantial growth in the portrayal of gay and lesbian characters in television and movies,to the point where it has become almost routine.However,gay couples or families are still rather scarce in these media,being portrayed in substantially smaller proportions than their real numbers would warrant if the media were attempting to reflect reality.
Q2) Why is there a decline in the role of parents in deciding their children's marriage?
Answer: One reason for the declining role of parents over the years is that kinship is less important in modern societies,and one's kin,including one's parents,have considerably fewer stakes in who marries whom.A second reason is that children have a greater degree of economic independence from their parents in industrial societies,and parents therefore have less leverage with which to demand a say in the choice of a marriage partner.
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Chapter 4: Health and Illness
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did Reagan's administration policy contribute to the delay in attacking acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Q2) ________ diseases progress over a long period of time and often exist long before they are detected.
A)Chronic
B)Acute
C)Epidemic
D)Endemic
Q3) The country of Duligan is undergoing major changes in its health-care system.Many interest groups have begun to propagate the community treatment approach for the treatment of the mentally ill.As a result,the government was forced to open many community health centers.Consequently,many mentally ill people began to be treated in these community centers than in psychiatric wards of mental hospitals.This shift in the treatment of the mentally ill is known as ________.
A)primary deviance
B)mechanization
C)deinstitutionalization
D)preventive medicine
Q4) How do the traditional sex-roles contribute to higher mortality among men?
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Chapter 5: Education, Science, and Technology
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The situation in which workers feel the effects of automation and view themselves as mere cogs in the bureaucratic machinery is known as ________.
A)alienation
B)gentrification
C)loss of privacy
D)loss of control
Q2) What is biotechnology? What is its basic principle?
Q3) According to the functionalist perspective,which of the following is true of schools?
A)Schools perform a number of important functions in preparing people to fit into society and make productive contributions.
B)Schools become a social problem when important groups feel that they are not getting what they deserve from the institutions of learning.
C)Schools are more accessible to powerful and affluent families than families from lower-class backgrounds,and social arrangements most typically reflect what benefits the powerful.
D)Schools lower students' self-esteem and make educational success more difficult to achieve.
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Chapter 6: Poverty
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Sample Questions
Q1) Martha,a single parent,finds it difficult to pay for her three children's school tuition with the salary she gets from waitressing.Based on this information,Martha would be considered poor under the ________ definition of poverty.
A)relative
B)absolute
C)cultural
D)comparative
Q2) ________ is a situation in which everyone or nearly everyone who wants to work can find a job.
A)Full employment
B)Strategic employment
C)Relative deprivation
D)Social mobility
Q3) Which of the following is true of the absolute definition of poverty?
A)It is based on how much it costs to buy a nutritionally adequate diet.
B)It identifies the poor as those who are permanently and unwillingly poor.
C)It avoids the rigidities of strict economic definitions.
D)It reflects the belief of many that the government should ensure an equitable distribution of resources.
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Chapter 7: Race and Ethnic Relations
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to functionalists,ethnocentrism is functional because it ________.
A)teaches various groups to live in harmony with each other
B)produces loyalty,cohesiveness,and strong group ties
C)supports and helps to establish pluralism
D)helps to reduce intolerance toward other communities
Q2) Based on the study of sociologists Joe Feagin and Melvin Sykes,why are whites less likely to hire African Americans?
Q3) Explain the racist attitudes of the United States toward Chinese immigrants between 1882 and World War II.
Q4) Marcus belongs to a minority group in the United States.His community values its cultural heritage and continues to practice its beliefs without assimilating into the mainstream.Marcus believes that due to its rich heritage,his community is superior to all racial groups,and its way of life is the best and the only way to live.Marcus's attitude toward his group is known as ________.
A)pluralism
B)ethnocentrism
C)recidivism
D)prejudice
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender,Sexual Orientation, and Social Inequality
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gavin,a social worker,feels that women are still at the lower end of the status hierarchy in the work place.He is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.
A)women primarily are into professions such as engineers or physicians
B)women tend to hold jobs such as secretary or receptionist
C)employers hire women for jobs that require managerial skills
D)low-paying jobs are filled equally by men and women
Q2) Functionalists argue that it is not particularly useful to use sex as a criterion for allocating jobs in industrial and postindustrial societies because ________.
A)great physical strength is no longer necessary for most jobs in a highly automated society
B)both men and women have equal abilities for spatial-visual,verbal,and creative tasks
C)domination results due to the superior physical strength of men
D)economic competition contributes to sexual inequality
Q3) Discuss the issues that arose due to increase in the number of women in the workplace.
Q4) What are the pros and cons of Internet usage among young people in the context of gender socialization?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Age and Social Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of teenage runaways?
A)They possess the social and economic resources to avoid sexual exploitation.
B)They are defenseless and are likely to be exploited by sexual predators.
C)Their independence protects them from being exploited by pimps and pornographers.
D)They prefer to support themselves through legitimate jobs.
Q2) The most important factor in shaping the life span between infancy and very old age is ________.
A)the political structure
B)psychology
C)biology
D)the social structure
Q3) ________ were much more important in preindustrial societies than they are at present.
A)Technological advances
B)Business relationships
C)Kinship ties
D)Lucrative jobs
Q4) What are the views of the opponents of age-based policies for receiving benefits?
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Chapter 10: Crime and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the term recidivism?
A)It occurs when the demand for space in prisons exceeds the capacity for prisoners.
B)It is the repeat of an offense after having been convicted of a crime.
C)It refers to working more slowly than one's capacity.
D)It is the cultural transmittance of crime and delinquency through socialization.
Q2) ________ often encourage their clients to accept a guilty plea because of the pressure to help the system run smoothly.
A)Prosecuting attorneys
B)Judges
C)Police officers
D)Defense attorneys
Q3) Satish believes that the legalization of victimless crimes is a necessary reform in the criminal justice system.It can be inferred that Satish supports the legalization of
A)prostitution
B)forgery
C)embezzlement
D)vandalism
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12
Chapter 11: Alcohol and Other Drugs
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What consequences did the Eighteenth Amendment pose when it took effect in 1920?
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of cocaine?
A)It can produce paranoid psychotic reactions at high dosages.
B)It primarily acts as a sedative.
C)It derives its potency from its major psychoactive ingredient,tetrahydrocannabinol.
D)It produces milder withdrawal symptoms when compared to heroin.
Q3) ________ theories claim that drug abuse is a consequence of flaws or weaknesses in people's personalities.
A)Functionalist
B)Biological
C)Sociological
D)Psychodynamic
Q4) Opiates or ________ are drugs whose main use is as analgesics or painkillers.
A)stimulants
B)narcotics
C)depressants
D)hallucinogens
Q5) Why are methadone maintenance programs in the United States highly controversial?
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Chapter 12: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Trade
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tom wanted to hire a female companion to accompany him to a wedding.Tom met Naomi,the supervisor of a brothel,and it was agreed that Tom would hire the services of a prostitute for $1000.Naomi,who supervises the brothel,is a ________.
A)madam
B)pimp
C)bar hustler
D)streetwalker
Q2) The ________ perspective on sexual deviance stresses the point that social life revolves around varying definitions of reality and this influences the nature of a social problem.
A)functionalist
B)interactionist
C)conflict
D)behavioral
Q3) What is Internet prostitution? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
Q4) Explain the typical behavior of crack-addicted women in crack houses.
Q5) Explain how different cultures around the world view sexual behavior.
Q6) What is cam modeling? How does it work?
Q7) Why are some people in favor of legalizing prostitution?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Population Growth and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.
A)Crude death rate
B)Life expectancy
C)Rate of natural increase
D)Relative death rate
Q2) What is the major drawback of racially segregating minorities in ghettos?
A)It leads to negative stereotyping,hostility,and prejudice.
B)It spreads the problem of poverty more evenly around a metropolitan area.
C)Ghettos encourage decentralization of urban areas.
D)Ghettos are taxed at a higher rate than other areas of a city.
Q3) Population refers to the ________.
A)actual number of children born
B)total number of people inhabiting a particular geographic area at a specified time
C)biological maximum number of children that could be born
D)the changing patterns of birth and death rates brought about by industrialization
Q4) What was the major objective of urban renewal initiated by the Housing Act of 1949?
Q5) How can crowding impact human beings?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Environmental Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Farmers in the country of Carbodia continuously grow food crops throughout the year since the country exports food products.This has resulted in the reduction of the quantity of land suitable for agriculture.Which of the following land degradation phenomena is described in the given scenario?
A)desertification
B)deforestation
C)eutrophication
D)decortication
Q2) Carbon ranching allows industries or individuals that spew carbon into the atmosphere to make up for it by ________.
A)artificially pumping oxygen into the air
B)paying a country with forests to preserve those forests
C)manufacturing and recycling beverage bottles at a lower cost
D)reducing nitrogen emission
Q3) Why is it difficult to permanently dispose nuclear wastes?
Q4) Why is it that the hydrologic cycle is no longer able to fully cleanse water?
Q5) What does exceeding the carrying capacity of an ecosystem mean? What is its consequence?
Q6) What are the three sources of radioactive wastes?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Violence, War, and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples shows altruistic behavior?
A)Rebels in the town of Hutston direct their hostility toward property owned by people of a particular community.
B)Social policies are formulated by certain powerful groups in the country of Eunisia.
C)People in the country of Nebulia compete with each other for access to resources.
D)People in the village of Corla are selfless and always do things for the welfare of others in the village.
Q2) What is the effect of war on a nation's economy?
Q3) In the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in the 1970s,the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to ________.
A)place limits on their defensive weapons systems
B)ban intermediate-range nuclear weapons
C)limit the export of weapons systems to other countries
D)destroy all nuclear stockpiles predating the 1970s
Q4) What are the three ways in which television encourages people toward violence?
Q5) How can the proliferation of nuclear weapons be reduced?
Q6) What are the structural preconditions for violence? When do they exist?
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