Chapter 1: Approaches to the Study of Social Problems
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Q1) What is the difference between the way in which laypeople and sociologists view deviant behaviors?
A)Sociologists view behaviors or characteristics as being deviant,while laypeople consider a behavior to be deviant only when some group so defines it.
B)Sociologists view deviance as relative,while laypeople view deviance in an absolute way by comparing it with some fixed standards.
C)Sociologists consider deviance to be a healthy group characteristic,while laypeople dislike and reproach deviance.
D)Sociologists suggest that deviant behaviors are universal,while laypeople insist that deviance can be understood only within the context of the norms and values of a particular culture.
Answer: B
Q2) The key role of theories is to ________.
A)negate one's belief in religion
B)explain why something occurred
C)judge people's behaviors
D)set norms on which a society should be based
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Family-Related Problems
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Q1) The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act was passed in the mid-1970s and amended in 1988 to ________.
A)ban the abuse of children by parents
B)help states and communities develop programs for abusive or neglectful parents
C)investigate the causes for child abuse in schools and other educational institutions
D)identify the victims of child abuse and place them in foster homes
Answer: B
Q2) How do employers benefit by sponsoring child-care programs for their employees?
Answer: Research has shown that the problems employees face in arranging care for their children tend to result in absenteeism,tardiness,low morale,and productivity problems.By sponsoring child-care programs,employers can avoid all these problems.Also,recruiting new employees is easier when an employer can offer child-care services to prospective employees,especially in heavily female segments of the labor market such as nursing.
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Chapter 4: Health and Illness
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Q1) What are some of the negative effects of industrialization on human health?
Q2) Which of the following measures has been taken by hospitals to cut back on their costs and increase their profits?
A)reducing the number of patients per hospital
B)reducing the number of nursing assistants and technicians
C)cutting back on services to patients and placing heavy workloads on nurses
D)hiring more registered nurses and placing more patients under their direct supervision
Q3) When is a self-fulfilling prophecy most likely to occur?
Q4) ________ diseases progress over a long period of time and often exist long before they are detected.
A)Chronic
B)Acute
C)Epidemic
D)Endemic
Q5) Why is managed care considered to be a threat to the independence and autonomy of medical practitioners?
Q6) How did Reagan's administration policy contribute to the delay in attacking acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
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Chapter 5: Education, Science, and Technology
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Q1) ________ refers to a technology that is limited in size,decentralized,and responsive to human values and needs.
A)Indigenous technology
B)Appropriate technology
C)Capital-intensive technology
D)Autonomous technology
Q2) How are public schools and charter schools different from each other?
A)Public schools tend to rely on a much younger,less-experienced faculty that is considerably less likely to have a teaching credential and is less well paid than faculty in charter schools.
B)Charter schools tend to be highly racially segregated,much more so than public schools.
C)Public schools operate autonomously with an authorization directly from the state,while charter schools operate under local school district control.
D)Public schools receive state funding,while charter schools do not.
Q3) What is biotechnology? What is its basic principle?
Q4) Why have some schools in the United States discarded the concept of formalized ability grouping?
Q5) Explain briefly the concept of appropriate technology.
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Chapter 7: Race and Ethnic Relations
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Q1) A similarity between prejudice and discrimination is that both ________.
A)arise due to racial differences
B)are based on irrational attitudes toward certain groups
C)affect the majority community in a society
D)result in the establishment of a pluralist society
Q2) Minority groups in the country of Ozwa are always discriminated against and treated with hostility.In order for them to be treated equally in society,they are forced to learn the practices of the major community of Ozwa and adapt to the mainstream.By doing so,they stand to lose their cultural identity and are absorbed into the mainstream.This process of getting absorbed into the dominant group is known as ________.
A)pluralism
B)recidivism
C)ethnocentrism
D)assimilation
Q3) What was the attitude of the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs)toward racial or ethnic diversity,and how did they treat people of other races?
Q4) Based on the study of sociologists Joe Feagin and Melvin Sykes,why are whites less likely to hire African Americans?
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Chapter 8: Gender,Sexual Orientation, and Social Inequality
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Q1) The ________ provided beefed-up protection and additional legal weapons in the fight against sexual harassment in the workplace.
A)Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act
B)Civil Rights Act of 1964
C)Civil Rights Act of 1991
D)Equal Rights Amendment
Q2) Studies of the pictorial content of texts for college-level psychology and sociology courses have shown that ________.
A)women are portrayed in a passive manner
B)women are shown more often than men
C)men are portrayed as victims of mental disorders
D)women are shown to be therapists
Q3) Discuss the issues that arose due to increase in the number of women in the workplace.
Q4) Sociological theories of homosexuality suggest that ________.
A)sexual orientation does not involve biological predisposition
B)labeling people as homosexuals does not influence their sexual identity
C)all people engaging in homosexual acts consider themselves to be homosexuals
D)homosexuality can be the result of learning through interaction with others
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Chapter 10: Crime and Delinquency
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Q1) ________ is the single social factor that is most predictive of patterns of criminal behavior.
A)Age
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Gender
D)Race
Q2) What are the possible explanations for the higher involvement in crime by teens and young adults?
Q3) Criminal operations in which several criminal groups coordinate their illegal activities are known as ________.
A)corporations
B)syndicates
C)conglomerates
D)firms
Q4) Which of the following is a Part II offense?
A)embezzlement
B)burglary
C)arson
D)motor vehicle theft
Q5) What are the arguments in favor of legalizing victimless crimes?
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Chapter 11: Alcohol and Other Drugs
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Q1) What is the use of psychedelic drugs?
A)They turn the thoughts of users inward.
B)They are used as sedatives or painkillers.
C)They are mainly used as analgesics and painkillers.
D)They depress the Central Nervous System (CNS).
Q2) Which of the following types of drugs produces major alterations in the mood,emotions,perceptions,or brain functioning of the person who takes them?
A)lipophilic drugs
B)antipyretic drugs
C)psychoactive drugs
D)antihistamine drugs
Q3) The government of a country plans to focus on primary prevention programs against illegal drug use.Which of the following measures should it adopt to establish a successful primary prevention program?
A)using drugs such as Antabuse to produce undesirable effects on consuming drugs
B)preventing drug imports by manufacturing synthetic drug alternatives
C)providing therapy to drug addicts in order to make them averse to drugs
D)establishing educational programs to alert people about the dangers of drug abuse
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Chapter 12: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Trade
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Q1) The ________ subculture,pertaining to male prostitutes,consists of boys from lower-class backgrounds who never define themselves as homosexuals.
A)secularist
B)retreatist
C)peer-delinquent
D)juvenile-delinquent
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between pimps and madams?
A)Pimps offer protection and bail money in exchange for a prostitute's allegiance,while madams act as supervisors of prostitutes in a brothel.
B)Pimps usually garner about 50 percent of their ladies' proceeds,while madams can garner nearly 100 percent of their ladies' earnings.
C)Pimps work in a whorehouse,while madams solicit clients by walking the streets.
D)Pimps engage in sexual behavior with their customers in brothels,while madams use cheap hotel rooms for engaging in sexual behavior with their clients.
Q3) What are the four models suggested by Helen Reynolds on how government could approach prostitution?
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Chapter 14: Environmental Problems
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Q1) A person looking at environmental problems from a conflict perspective is likely to believe that ________.
A)a highly technological social organization is always dysfunctional
B)environmental problems arise because of the way in which resources are distributed
C)high technology and environmental preservation are at odds with one another
D)decisions that affect the environment are made on the basis of maintaining a balance in an ecosystem
Q2) Farmers in the country of Carbodia continuously grow food crops throughout the year since the country exports food products.This has resulted in the reduction of the quantity of land suitable for agriculture.Which of the following land degradation phenomena is described in the given scenario?
A)desertification
B)deforestation
C)eutrophication
D)decortication
Q3) What are the economic and social implications of the continuous use of coal as an energy source?
Q4) What are some of the consequences of global warming?
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Chapter 15: Violence, War, and Terrorism
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Q1) James,a sociobiologist,is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.
A)there are few parallels between humans and animals
B)there is direct evidence linking specific genes to particular forms of human behavior
C)genetic tendencies can be overcome by learning and other social forces
D)genetic factors have a limited role in shaping human social behavior
Q2) Research on gun control in the U.S.has shown that ________.
A)it is particularly effective in preventing collective violence
B)it is only effective in reducing the overall amount of violence in society
C)it has a very modest impact on the amount of violence in society
D)it is effective in reducing people's tolerance toward public dissent
Q3) Which of the following is true of terrorism?
A)It is resorted to by people who have little power to attack what they see as injustice.
B)It always has its origins in some kind of perceived injustice.
C)It is always associated with people who are motivated by religious fervor.
D)It is an organized action by some group to rebel against the existing government and to replace it with new political forms and leadership.
Q4) What are the motives behind terrorism?
Q5) Why is mobilization important for collective violence to occur?
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