Urban Sociology Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Urban Sociology examines the social structures, processes, and changes that characterize city life and urban environments. This course explores how urbanization shapes communities, identities, and relationships, focusing on topics such as migration, segregation, inequality, housing, and the role of institutions within cities. Through theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, students analyze issues like gentrification, spatial organization, social networks, and the impacts of globalization on urban spaces. The course encourages critical thinking about the challenges and opportunities present in rapidly evolving urban landscapes and their consequences for individuals and society at large.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times 9th Edition by Diana
Kendall
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Q1) For each of us developing a better understanding of diversity and tolerance for people who are different from us is important for our personal,social,and economic wellbeing.Discuss how the following elements can influence our sociological imagination: race,ethnicity,social class,sex,and gender.
Answer: Not Answer
Q2) Robert works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory and trades his labor for wages.Robert is a __________ because he does not own the factory.
A) capitalist
B) zeitgeist
C) bourgeoisie
D) proletariat
Answer: D
Q3) According to the functionalist perspective,societies develop social structures (institutions) that persist because they play a part in helping society survive.These institutions include the family,education,government,religion,and the economy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Sociological Research Methods
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Q1) Sociologist Emile Durkheim used the degree of social integration in society to determine its influence on the rate of suicide.In this example,the "degree of social integration" is the __________ variable.
A) multiple
B) dependent
C) independent
D) control
Answer: C
Q2) Summarize the Hawthorne experiments and explain why this research is important.
Answer: Not Answer
Q3) Sociologist Emile Durkheim emphasized that individual acts of suicide provide better explanations for suicide than do suicide rates.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Explain how sociological research is grounded in the scientific tradition.
Answer: Not Answer
Q5) Why is it important to have "ethics" in sociological research?
Answer: Not Answer
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) __________ deals with public safety and well-being.When these types of law are violated,fines and prison sentences are the most likely negative sanctions,although in some states the death penalty is handed down for certain major offenses.
A) Deviant law
B) Civil law
C) Formal law
D) Criminal law
Answer: D
Q2) The __________ are aware that they share distinctive values and look
Different from other people; these differences provide them with a collective identity and make them feel close to one another.
A) Scientologists
B) Amish
C) Mormons
D) Italians
Answer: B
Q3) Summarize how societies continually experience cultural change at both material and nonmaterial levels.
Answer: Not Answer
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) Psychologist Jean Piaget believed that,in each stage of human development (from birth to adolescence),children's activities are governed by their:
A) individual psyches
B) perception of the world around them
C) socialization
D) interactions with others
Q2) Explain the key components of the human development theories of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead,and evaluate the contribution of each to our understanding of the socialization process.
Q3) The __________ approach emphasizes that socialization is a collective process in which children are active and creative agents,not just passive recipients of the socialization process.From this view,childhood is a socially constructed category.
A) postmodernist
B) functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) conflict
Q4) Compare and contrast the moral development theories of Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan.
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Chapter 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction
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Q1) Status symbols are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To determine who you are,you must think about your social identity,which is derived from the statuses you occupy.A(n) __________ is comprised of all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time.
A) status set
B) identity
C) role diagram
D) occupational grouping
Q3) Social scientists have identified five types of societies based on various levels of __________: hunting and gathering,horticultural and pastoral,agrarian,industrial,and postindustrial societies.
A) innovative technology
B) subsistence technology
C) primary technology
D) socioeconomic technology
Q4) Discuss the influence of status symbols as a component of social structure.
Q5) Define status and discuss ascribed and achieved status.Provide examples.
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Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations
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Q1) Large groups leaders are expected to perform a variety of roles,some related to the internal workings of the group and others related to external relationships with other groups.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define ingroup,outgroup,and reference group,and provide examples to illustrate your definitions.
Q3) _____________ used the term "trained incapacity" to characterize Which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been Given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up With creative solutions to problems.
A) Robert Merton
B) Michael Murphy
C) Karl Marx
D) Thorstein Veblen
Q4) People in aggregates share a common purpose (such as purchasing items or arriving at their destination) but generally do not interact with one another,except perhaps briefly.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) __________ crimes include burglary (breaking into private property to commit a serious crime),motor vehicle theft,larceny-theft (theft of property worth $50 or more),and arson.
A) Felony
B) Status
C) Property
D) Public order
Q2) A young woman graduates from high school with honors and attends a prestigious university,where she completes her degree.She gets a good job,she marries,and starts planning for the future.This woman's behavior illustrates:
A) rebellion
B) innovation
C) conformity
D) rejection
Q3) Describe the underground economy and the ways it enables criminal networks.
Q4) Define punishment,state the four functions of punishment,and explain the restorative justice perspective.
Q5) Define deviance and provide examples to illustrate your answer.
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Chapter 8: Class and Stratification in the United States
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a reason why social inequality may increase in the United States in the twenty?first century?
A) The purchasing power of the dollar has stagnated or declined since the early 1970s.
B) Federal tax laws in recent years have benefited corporations and wealthy families at the expense of middle? and lower?income families.
C) People living in poverty are demanding a larger share of the U.S. budget.
D) Structural sources of upward mobility are shrinking while the rate of downward mobility has increased.
Q2) Sociologist Dennis Gilbert compares the distribution of income to a National pie that has been sliced into portions.In 2008,the poorest 20 Percent of households received approximately __________ of the Total income pie.
A) 3
B) 9
C) 12
D) 17
Q3) Describe the ways that SES has shaped the life choices of members of your own family.
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10
Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Q1) Explain your personal perspective on human development issues.
Q2) CARE International assists the world's poor in their effort to achieve social and economic well-being.Its work reaches 25 million people in fifty-three nations in Africa,Asia,Latin America,and Eastern Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________ poverty would be measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.
A) Absolute
B) Relative
C) Standard
D) Subjective
Q4) One major cause of shorter life expectancy in low-income nations is the high __________ rate.
A) crude-birth
B) fertility
C) infant mortality
D) crude-death
Q5) Summarize wealth and poverty in global perspective.
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Overt discrimination in sports occurs when whites are described as having the intelligence,dependability,and leadership and decision-making skills needed in positions requiring higher levels of responsibility and control.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ states that people who are disappointed in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of assertiveness toward others.
A) social learning theory
B) authoritarian personality principle
C) frustration-aggression hypothesis
D) social convergence hypothesis
Q3) All of the following sports team names are examples of stereotypes EXCEPT the: A) Atlanta Braves
B) Pittsburgh Penguins
C) Cleveland Indians
D) Washington Redskins
Q4) Explain how the experiences of Native Americans have been different from those of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
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Q1) Describe the microlevel relationship between gender,gender role,gender identity,and body consciousness.Contrast this with a macrolevel analysis of gender (including gendered institutions and a gender belief system).
Q2) Women are severely underrepresented at the top of U.S.corporations.Less than __________ of the executive jobs at Fortune 500 companies are held by women,and only fifteen women are the CEO of such a company.
A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 20 percent
Q3) An example of __________ directed against men is the assumption that men should not be employed in certain female-dominated occupations,such as nurse or elementary school teacher.
A) matriarchal control
B) sexual harassment
C) patriarchy control
D) sexism
Q4) Describe how we learn gender-appropriate behavior through the socialization process.
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Chapter 12: Aging and Inequality Based on Age
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Q1) When feminist scholars state that functional age is subjective for men and women,they mean that:
A) women and men age in a similar fashion
B) women and men are evaluated differently
C) men and women are defined about evenly
D) society evaluates men and women using the same standards
Q2) We find that older people tend to have more wealth but less income than young people.Among older persons,a wider range of assets and income is seen than in other age categories.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stereotypes regarding older persons reinforce __________,which is the prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age,particularly against older persons.
A) age stratification
B) elderism
C) ageism
D) age differentiation
Q4) Explain the social significance of age.
Q5) Discuss how age,gender and poverty are intertwined.
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Chapter 13: The Economy and Work in Global Perspective
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Q1) In Sweden,all residents have health insurance,housing subsidies,child allowances,paid parental leave,and day-care subsidies.National insurance pays medical bills associated with work-related injuries,and workplaces are specially adapted for persons with disabilities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Job satisfaction refers to people's attitudes toward their work based on their job responsibilities,the organizational structure in which they work,and their individual needs and values.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The financial meltdown in the United States and around the world was a major concern in 2007 and 2008 during the largest economic slump since:
A) the beginning of the 20 century
B) the Great Recession
C) the Great Depression
D) the Civil War
Q4) Discuss the global economy in the future.
Q5) What is meant by the social organization of work?
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Chapter 14: Politics and Government in Global Perspective
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Q1) "Patriarchy differentiates women from men while privileging men.Racism simultaneously differentiates people of color from whites and privileges whiteness." The statement is representative of what concept?
A) racialized patriarchy
B) patriarchal colonization
C) ethnic genderization
D) gendered ethnicity
Q2) In his farewell presidential address in 1961,President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the potential power of the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors,which he referred to as the:
A) military economy
B) permanent war economy
C) military-industrial complex
D) arms industry
Q3) Define and outline the development of rational-legal authority.Include sociologist Max Weber's viewpoint.
Q4) Describe militarism and the U.S.military.
Q5) Provide a personal perspective on terrorism.
Q6) Briefly explain the U.S.political system.
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Chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.__________ is the practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or category.
A) Exogamy
B) Homogamy
C) Heterogamy
D) Endogamy
Q2) Some feminist perspectives on inequality in families focus on _________ rather than class.From this viewpoint,men's domination over women existed long before capitalism and private ownership of property.
A) matriarchy
B) the definition of family
C) egalitarianism
D) patriarchy
Q3) Extended families often include grandparents,uncles,aunts,or other relatives who live close to the parents and children,making it possible for family members to share resources.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Distinguish between patriarchal,matriarchal,and egalitarian families.
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Chapter 16: Education
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Q1) __________ theorists believe that tracking seriously affects many students' educational performances and their overall academic accomplishments.In elementary schools,tracking is often referred to as ability grouping and is based on the assumption that it is easier to teach a group of students who have similar abilities.
A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interactionist
D) Postmodernist
Q2) Functionalists acknowledge that education has certain __________ that are evident by lagging test scores.
A) dysfunctions
B) contributions
C) operations
D) functions
Q3) Describe the functionalist perspective on education and note the societal importance of manifest functions fulfilled by this social institution.
Q4) Describe the symbolic-interactionist perspective on education.
Q5) Discuss future issues and trends in education.
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Chapter 17: Religion
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Q1) __________ was the official religion of China until the Communist takeover and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
A) Confucianism
B) Hinduism
C) Islam
D) Shintoism
Q2) A category of religion called __________ refers to a belief in a god or gods.
A) animism
B) simple supernaturalism
C) transcendent idealism
D) theism
Q3) Discuss the symbolic interactionist perspectives on religion.
Q4) Describe the basic beliefs of Judaism.
Q5) According to sociologist Max Weber and the Protestant ethic,those who have faith,perform good works,and achieve economic success are more likely to be among the chosen of God.As a result,people work hard,save their money,and do not spend it on worldly frivolity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the sociological study of religion.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Health, Health Care, and Disability
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Q1) According to the functionalist approach,if society is to function as a stable system,it is important for people to be healthy and to contribute to their society.Consequently,sickness is viewed as a form of deviant behavior that must be controlled by society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the __________ approach,if society is to operate as a stable system,it is important for people to be healthy and to contribute to their society.Consequently,sickness is viewed as a form of deviant behavior that must be controlled by society.
A) conflict
B) symbolic interactionist
C) functionalist
D) postmodernist
Q3) The Census Bureau projects the population of persons over 85 will __________ by the year 2050.
A) remain the same
B) decrease substantially
C) double
D) triple
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Chapter 19: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) According to sociologist Emile Durkheim,__________ is characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large,urban societies.
A) organic solidarity
B) ecological solidarity
C) mechanical solidarity
D) technological solidarity
Q2) New urban fringes,referred to as __________ cities,have been springing up beyond central-cities and suburbs in recent years.
A) edge
B) peripheral
C) rim
D) exurb
Q3) __________ theorists examine the experience of urban life,attempting to understand how city life affects the people who live in a city.
A) Functionalist
B) Symbolic interactionist
C) Conflict
D) Postmodernist
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21
Chapter 20: Collective Behavior,Social Movements,and Social Change
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Q1) Sociologist Herbert Blumer developed a typology in which crowds are divided into four categories.Which of the following is NOT one of these categories?
A) casual
B) expressive
C) acting
D) nontraditional
Q2) "When a society or community is unable to meet people's expectations that something should be done about a problem,tension occurs in the system." This exemplifies sociologist Neal Smelser's value-added theory condition of:
A) the spread of a generalized belief
B) mobilization for action
C) structural strain
D) social control
Q3) Rumors thrive when tensions are low and when an abundance of authentic information is available on an issue of great concern.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the different types of crowd behavior.
Page 22
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