United States History: Colonial to Reconstruction Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of United States history from the colonial era through the period of Reconstruction following the Civil War. Students will explore the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments that shaped the nation, beginning with Indigenous societies and European colonization, proceeding through the American Revolution, the formation of the Constitution, and the expansion of the new republic. The course examines pivotal conflicts such as the War of 1812, the rise of sectional tensions, the causes and consequences of the Civil War, and Reconstructions efforts to redefine citizenship and national identity. Through critical analysis of historical sources, students will gain a nuanced understanding of the diverse experiences and forces that influenced the evolution of the United States during its formative centuries.
Recommended Textbook
MindTap US History 1st Edition by Cengage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ghana,Mali,and Songhay were early empires in which region of the African continent?
A)Southern Africa
B)Eastern Africa
C)Northern Africa
D)Western Africa
E)Central Africa
Answer: D
Q2) Which of these factors contributed to increased exploration by the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A)New developments in shipbuilding
B)Increased used of lateen sails
C)Updated versions of astrolabes
D)All of these choices.
Answer: D
Q3) Columbus never stopped believing that he had found the Orient in his travels.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Contact, colonization, and Exchange in the
Atlantic World, 1492-1600
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Q1) The goal of mercantilism was to ensure a favorable balance of trade for a nation-state.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The first African slaves were sold in the Caribbean in 1552.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In 1455,the pope granted which nation a monopoly on the Atlantic slave trade?
A)Portugal
B)England
C)Spain
D)Italy
E)France
Answer: A
Q4) The Columbian Exchange transformed Native American and European life profoundly.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Colonizing North America, 1565-1763
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Q1) The Dutch West India Company,like the East India Company,received broad powers,including the right to make war.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following colonies embraced the principles of religious liberty and separation of church and state?
A)Massachusetts
B)Rhode Island
C)New Hampshire
D)Connecticut
Answer: B
Q3) What was the main reason for the burgeoning slavery of South Carolina?
A)The production of tobacco,which required many hands
B)The fact that slaves died in large numbers and continually had to be replaced
C)The production of rice,which was difficult to raise and extremely labor-intensive
D)The absence of towns,which might have led to a greater dependence on commerce
E)None of these
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Dissolving the Political Bands, 1763-1776
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Q1) Locke's Two Treatises on Civil Government
A)dealt with specific laws and the consequences of breaking them.
B)spoke to government leaders,excluding the will of the people.
C)stressed that humans had a right to life,liberty,and property.
D)expressed his belief that a people never had the right to overthrow their government.
Q2) The Quebec Act granted religious freedom to Catholics in the Ohio Valley and allowed them to hold office.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most religiously diverse colonies prior to the Great Awakening were found in A)New England.
B)the southern colonies.
C)the middle colonies.
D)the backcountry.
E)all of these colonies were equally diverse.
Q4) Benjamin Franklin helped establish the first American lending library.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The American Revolution, 1776-1789
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Q1) By 1790,the country's war debt had reached
A)$10 million.
B)$40 million.
C)$50 million.
D)$10 billion.
E)$100 million.
Q2) The principal author of the first Northwest Ordinance was John Adams.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding the Electoral College,as devised by the framers of the Constitution,is true?
A)It was a body empowered to elect the president,the vice president,and one senator from each state.
B)The smallest states were guaranteed five votes each in the electoral college.
C)State governors would select electors to the college.
D)The electors of each state gathered within their states to cast votes
E)Both C and D
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Chapter 6: Forging a New Nation, 1790-1828
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Q1) One significant aspect of the Battle of New Orleans was that
A)no Americans lost their lives in the fight.
B)it took place after the war had ended.
C)Britain became convinced that it could not win the war.
D)Thomas Jefferson emerged from political retirement to support the battle.
E)None of these
Q2) Who served as George Washington's vice president?
A)James Madison
B)John Adams
C)Thomas Jefferson
D)Alexander Hamilton
E)Benjamin Franklin
Q3) Spain and the United States disputed the boundaries of A)Louisiana.
B)Ohio.
C)Utah.
D)California.
Q4) The Monroe Doctrine was issued jointly by the United States and Great Britain. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Market Revolution and Social Reform,
1800-1860
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Q1) The most famous minister during the revivals of the 1820s and 1830s was Samuel Gridley Howe.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning the nineteenth-century ideal of domesticity is true?
A)While most men embraced the concept,most women chafed at the idea of being protected from the outside world.
B)Many middle-class women relished the chance to have their domestic roles elevated in status because it fit well with their experiences and aspirations.
C)Many men liked the idea of domesticity because it freed them from any responsibility at home.
D)Domesticity emerged first in the South,where women had experienced the most problems.
Q3) Upon completion in 1825,the Erie Canal connected what river with Lake Erie?
A)Ohio River
B)Mississippi River
C)Hudson River
D)Missouri River
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Chapter 8: The Peculiar Institution: the Old South and
Slavery, 1800-1860
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Q1) White slave owners justified slavery by pointing to the Bible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the result of Nat Turner's revolt?
A)The deaths of more than 700 whites
B)The hanging of Turner and numerous other rebels
C)A growing fear of slave rebellions throughout the South
D)Both the deaths of 700 whites and the hanging of Turner
E)Both Turner's hanging and an escalating fear of slave rebellions throughout the white South
Q3) In what city was the first congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church established?
A)Philadelphia
B)Boston
C)New York
D)Savannah
E)Trenton
Q4) Slaves could legally marry and form families.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Democracy and Popular Politics, 1828-1848
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Q1) Southerners,especially Calhoun,referred to the 1828 tariff that favored the Northeast and the West over the South as the Tariff of Abominations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the name given to the principle that a state has a right to override a federal law?
A)Statism
B)Sectionalism
C)Division of power
D)Nullification
E)Federalism
Q3) Americans referred to Henry Clay's appointment as secretary of state by President John Quincy Adams,who was named earlier to his position in a controversial House of Representatives decision,as
A)the spoils system.
B)political gerrymandering.
C)a corrupt bargain.
D)an impeachable offense.
E)Both A and B
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Chapter 10: Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion,
1820-1860
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Q1) Under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo,the United States paid Mexico
$15 million for the strip of land that finished the "building" of the United States and gave the country its final border with Mexico
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which Native American tribe is most noted for building cotton plantations,making its own alphabet,and owning slaves?
A)Seminole
B)Cherokee
C)Choctaw
D)Iroquois
E)Creek
Q3) Fifteen years after Joseph Smith was killed by a mob in 1844,Brigham Young led the entire Mormon population in a mass migration to Utah.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Panic of 1837 helped spur westward expansion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861
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Q1) Fire-eaters were people who were extremely vocal in their opposition to slavery. A)True
B)False
Q2) The three famous legislators of the first half of the nineteenth century were Henry Clay,John C.Calhoun and Stephen Douglas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Southern Whigs nominated Zachary Taylor for president in 1848 because they assumed he would support the spread of slavery.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The young prominent U.S.representative from Illinois who played a major role in bringing about the Compromise of 1850 was Abraham Lincoln.
A)True
B)False
Q5) South Carolina seceded the day after Abraham Lincoln was elected president.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: A House Divided: Civil War, 1861-1865
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Q1) Andersonville was the prisoner of war camp in Georgia,where an estimated one-third of the prisoners died.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Wade-Davis bill was supported by Abraham Lincoln. A)True
B)False
Q3) The Conscription Bureau was established in May 1863 to allow blacks to serve in the Union army.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Union men who were drafted could pay $300 to have someone else serve for them. A)True
B)False
Q5) John Wilkes Booth,who assassinated President Lincoln,had been a slave owner. A)True
B)False
Q6) In the North,men of all classes and ethnicities enlisted in the military. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Bitter Aftermath: Reconstruction and
Redemption, 1863-1896
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Q1) Southerners used the poll tax to prevent blacks from voting
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term "New South" refers to an effort to move the South into industrialization so it could advance economically
A)True
B)False
Q3) What federal agency was formed to assist former slaves in making the economic adjustment to freedom?
A)Freedmen's Bureau
B)Department of Education
C)African American Rights Association
D)NAACP
Q4) The United States purchased Alaska from which nation?
A)Russia
B)Norway
C)Britain
D)France
E)Spain
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Chapter 14: Projecting Power, widening Borders: the
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Q1) The last major chapter in the Indian wars took place at _____.
A)Little Big Horn
B)Sand Creek
C)Wounded Knee
D)Leadville
Q2) On May 10,1869,the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads were joined with the golden spike,which was driven into the ground in what location?
A)Promontory,Utah
B)Kansas City,Missouri
C)Jackson,Wyoming
D)Sacramento,California
E)Custer County,Nebraska
Q3) The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of which policy?
A)Manifest Destiny
B)Monroe Doctrine
C)Open Door Policy
D)Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Q4) Hawaii was annexed by the United States following a bloody civil war there.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Change and Resistance: Industrialization,
urbanization, and Farm Protest, 1865-1910
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Q1) What university was created by a wealthy businessman in 1891?
A)Stanford
B)Yale
C)Harvard
D)Dartmouth
Q2) What Thomas Edison inventions was made more commercially successful by a George Westinghouse invention?
A)Incandescent lamp
B)Phonograph
C)Transformer
D)Sewing machine
Q3) Writer Mark Twain coined the term "Gilded Age" to refer to the appealing facade of an age that concealed problems lurking beneath the surface.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Between 1870 and 1890,net immigration to the United States totaled over 20 million.
A)True
B)False
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1895-1920
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Q1) What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
A)to replace the central bank with regional banks
B)to reduce the power of the Federal Reserve Board
C)to facilitate trade between the United States and its neighbors
D)to provide a means for controlling the currency and money supply
Q2) Margaret Sanger is best known for advocating which of the following?
A)abstinence from alcohol
B)birth control
C)equal rights for African Americans
D)municipal reform
Q3) The 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v.Ferguson declared which of the following practices legal?
A)Polygamy
B)Segregation
C)Prohibition
D)Compulsory education
E)Interracial marriage
Q4) The Hepburn Act increased government's control over the country's railroads.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: America and Global Conflict: World War I,
1914-1920
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Q1) The 1918 outbreak of Spanish flu killed many U.S.soldiers but was contained overseas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement regarding U.S.participation in World War I is true?
A)The United States chose to use an all-volunteer system for raising troops.
B)Roughly 3 million men joined the armed forces during World War I.
C)The United States got the majority of the funds for the war through taxes.
D)Most of the U.S.convoys escorting merchant ships were destroyed by German submarines.
Q3) Activist Emma Goldman was deported for speaking out against the U.S.government during the war.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In return for the government's agreement to allow unions to participate in economic policy making,the American Federation of Labor promised not to strike or to press for union shops in factories.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A)an urban renewal project
B)an African American artistic movement
C)the migration of African Americans from the South to the North
D)a political movement calling for desegregation and equal rights
Q2) Charles Lindbergh gained fame in 1927 by flying on a solo flight between what two cities?
A)St.Louis and New York
B)New York and Paris
C)Los Angeles and Tokyo
D)St.Louis and London
Q3) Who championed the crusade against evolutionism and helped the prosecution in the Scopes trial?
A)Williams Jennings Bryan
B)Clarence Darrow
C)Florence Kelley
D)Aimee Semple McPherson
E)John T.Raulston
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Chapter 19: A Nation in Crisis: the Great Depression and the New Deal,
1929-1939
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Q1) The American Liberty League was organized by conservative business leaders to counter what they viewed as the New Deal's radicalism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Revenue Act of 1932 was designed to raise money through tariffs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The unemployment rate for African Americans during the Depression was as high as 50 percent,higher than for white Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Immediately after his inauguration,Franklin D.Roosevelt called Congress into a special session to nationalize the banks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The popularity of radio suffered during the tough economic times of the Depression. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: World War Ii at Home and Abroad, 1939-1945
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Q1) Who or what was Rosie the Riveter?
A)the nickname of a highly effective tank
B)a woman who earned fame for her heroics
C)a symbolic image of the female war worker
D)the first woman to become the head of a Fortune 500 company
Q2) Immediately following the war,Congress awarded reparations to the Japanese-Americans sent to internment camps.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On December 8,1941 Congress declared war against A)Germany.
B)Japan.
C)Germany and Japan.
D)Japan and Italy.
Q4) The Atlantic Charter established the lend-lease program. A)True
B)False
Q5) Operation TORCH was the code name for the D-Day invasion of France. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Affluence and Anxiety: Cold War America,
1945-1960
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Q1) Who were the Little Rock Nine?
A)the first integrated high school baseball team in the Deep South
B)the first black students to attend the previously all-white Central High School
C)the jurors who decided a famous case involving the alleged rape of white students by young black men
D)a group of black students who brought a successful lawsuit against the city of Little Rock for discrimination
Q2) What was Winston Churchill referring to when he spoke of the iron curtain?
A)the division between Soviet-dominated eastern Europe and the rest of the continent
B)the barrier that had to be established to contain communism within its existing boundaries
C)changes in Britain's Parliament that had removed him from his position as prime minister
D)the rift within the Truman government regarding policy toward the Soviet Union and Communism
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Chapter 22: Revolution and Crisis, 1960-1974
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Q1) In February 1972,President Nixon made a historic trip to what country?
A)China
B)India
C)Japan
D)North Vietnam
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding the freedom rides is true?
A)The Kennedy administration sent in federal marshals to protect the freedom riders.
B)The freedom riders unexpectedly met more resistance in the North than in the South.
C)The rides were planned by the federal government to force a showdown with state governments.
D)The rides enlisted blacks and whites to testing a Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation in schools.
Q3) The Freedom of Information Act gave the American people unprecedented access to classified government material.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: A Conservative Resurgence, 1975-1992
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Q1) The Moral Majority was
A)a sign of the rise of the religious right in American politics
B)opposed to women's rights
C)a vocal opponent of homosexuality
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q2) The 52 U.S.hostages remained in captivity in Iran for 444 days and were freed within minutes of Ronald Reagan's inauguration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following describes the Reagan administration's attitude toward the courts except
A)Reagan's nomination of Robert Bork was rejected.
B)Reagan named the first woman to the Supreme Court.
C)Reagan made just two appointments to the federal judiciary.
D)Reagan sought to make the federal judiciary more conservative.
Q4) In 1983 Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union as an "evil empire."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
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Q1) Which statement regarding U.S.troops in Iraq between 2003 and 2008 is true?
A)Most of the Iraqi troops under Saddam Hussein had stepped aside once the war began.
B)Public support for U.S.involvement in Iraq soared after weapons of mass destruction were found.
C)Although hundreds of thousands of Iraqis were killed or injured,fewer than 500 American troops were killed in Iraq.
D)The Bush administration had anticipated a quick victory in Iraq and had not adequately planned for remaining there as an occupying force.
Q2) During Bill Clinton's first two years as president,U.S.economy experienced all of the following except:
A)tax increases.
B)free trade agreements.
C)an economic recession.
D)a decrease in the federal deficit.
Q3) In 2013,the Supreme Court struck down the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act.
A)True
B)False
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