Understanding Culture Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Understanding Culture is an interdisciplinary course that explores the diverse ways in which culture shapes human behavior, beliefs, values, and social practices around the world. Through the examination of cultural norms, symbols, rituals, and communication patterns, students will develop analytical frameworks for interpreting cultural differences and similarities. The course engages with key theories from anthropology, sociology, and related disciplines, and examines how culture influences identity, group dynamics, power relations, and social change. Students will participate in discussions, case studies, and reflective activities to deepen their awareness of cultural complexity in both local and global contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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14 Chapters
900 Verified Questions
900 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of anthropologist studies people from a perspective that considers how humans have adapted to their environments?
A) physical anthropologist
B) environmental anthropologist
C) cultural anthropologist
D) evolutionary anthropologist
Answer: A
Q2) Describe how changes in transportation technology in the nineteenth century led to the development of anthropology.
Answer: Advances in transportation technology rapidly transformed long-distance movement of people and goods.This allowed regular travel and trade to new and varied places.Merchants,missionaries,and government officials came back with tales and artifacts of the incredible diversity of human cultures and appearances they had encountered.Anthropology developed as people began to try to understand this diversity.
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Chapter 2: Culture
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of simple stone tools by early hominids led to the ability to procure meat more efficiently.This in turn led to the change in diet that included larger amounts of protein.Many scholars believe that this shift in diet was a significant part of how our ancient ancestors adapted so quickly to a varied set of environments,and thus were able to begin cultural development.This demonstrates the intimate connection between
A) evolution and technology.
B) culture and environment.
C) nature and nurture.
D) biology and psychology.
Answer: C
Q2) When you are in love,it might be very difficult to think about any inherent ________ in your relationship,but anthropologist Eric Wolf believes that it is inherent in all relationships.
A) belief system
B) power dynamic
C) stratification
D) human agency
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluate the merits of the long-term participant observation advocated by Bronislaw Malinowski relative to merits of the methods of "armchair" anthropology.
Answer: Students should define each term.They should then discuss that armchair anthropology created and reinforced ethnocentric visions of cultural superiority among Europeans.Students should discuss that long-term fieldwork allows the ethnographer to establish rapport with informants and gain insight into the insider's view of his or her culture.
Q2) How would you describe the problems pertaining to the vulnerability of research subjects involved in a potential study of Facebook groups?
A) The study population might be self-selecting,and therefore nonrepresentative.
B) The researcher would not be able to establish meaningful connections.
C) Those in the population would not have the chance to say things in their own words.
D) They would not have anonymity.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Language
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Summer Institute of Linguistics
A) is a secular institution with the mission of preserving indigenous religious practices. B) sends missionaries into the field to create written versions of indigenous languages with the goal of disseminating the Christian Bible in those languages.
C) has attempted to wipe out indigenous languages and replace them with English. D) is a religious institution with the mission of putting an English bible into the hands of native speakers.
Q2) One major characteristic of language that is not easily conveyed in digital communications is emotion,and this is due largely to the absence of A) a sufficient number of emoticons.
B) paralanguage.
C) a concise,universal lexicon of emoticons.
D) a system of symbols that describes body movement.
Q3) What do linguistic anthropologists think about how women and men use language in different ways? What are the two models that explain why language is used in gendered ways,and what are examples that illustrate their hypotheses? Which one of these two models is more compelling to you,and why?
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Chapter 5: Race and Racism
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person may inherit a genetic pattern for above-average height,but may only reach average height due to poor nutrition.This is an expression of that person's A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) cline.
D) DNA.
Q2) If a person inherits genes for a dark complexion and blue eyes from his or her parents,this refers to A) DNA.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) race.
Q3) For the seventy years leading up to 1860,the United States Census counted slaves as three-fifths of a person,which was done in order to A) support the emerging interest in eugenics.
B) maintain a strong economic system.
C) lay the groundwork for institutional racism.
D) uphold the idea of white supremacy.
Q4) Identify three factors that determine race in Brazil.
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most groups of people have tales about where they came from and when,which unite them as a group.These tales are known as
A) creation stories.
B) folktales.
C) tall tales.
D) origin myths.
Q2) Since ethnicity is not biologically fixed,self-identification with a particular ethnic group can change through what process?
A) situational negotiation of identity
B) rationalization of self
C) naturalization of identity
D) ethnodetermination
E) ethnic cleansing
Q3) When minorities abandon their separate identity and adopt the culture and norms of the dominant group,they are practicing
A) nationalization.
B) integration.
C) absorption.
D) assimilation.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Gender
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Going out on a date can mean many things.As a man,you might bring flowers,offer to foot the bill,and open a door.As a woman,you might demur to a choice of restaurants,offer to split the tab,and offer soft thanks.From an anthropological perspective,this constitutes
A) the performance of stereotypes.
B) obeying social norms.
C) the performance of gender.
D) a particular type of gendered ritual.
Q2) The account of how members of CO-MADRES were detained,tortured,and raped by the death squads leads to a conclusion about the nature of the relationship between the victim and perpetrator of these crimes,contradicting statistics showing the opposite,because the CO-MADRES account shows that the victim
A) may have voted for his or her assailant.
B) was unlikely to have known his or her assailant.
C) generally broke the law and got what he or she deserved.
D) was generally either very young or much older.
Q3) Discuss ways that women's participation in the global economy,including the changes in traditional gender roles and expectation,reflects both gender role stereotypes and economic inequalities in the twenty-first century.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Sexuality
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The work of Mignon Moore describes the experiences of lesbian African American women.These women often struggle in their lives because they must
A) choose whether to remain loyal to their race.
B) choose from several different identities of race,class,and sexuality.
C) choose whether to be openly lesbian.
D) skirt legal challenges to their sexual identity.
Q2) Which of the following factors would a cultural constructionist consider studying when investigating human sexuality?
A) an eldercare home
B) a Ukrainian festival organization
C) neurochemical responses
D) a Christian dating forum
Q3) Sociologist Mignon Moore found that the intersection of ________ and ________ most impacted the identities of the women in her book Invisible Families (2011).
A) class;age
B) race;age
C) race;sexuality
D) class;gender
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Chapter 9: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changing patterns over time clearly demonstrate that marriage,family,and kinship are
A) similar now to those of long ago.
B) cultural constructs.
C) the result of cultural biases.
D) in need of increased study.
Q2) A type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation is a
A) relation.
B) marriage.
C) clan.
D) lineage.
Q3) Opponents of same-sex marriage argue that allowing it will mean a(n)
A) overall increase in taxes.
B) breakdown of family and social order.
C) breakdown of legal codes protecting heterosexual couples.
D) dramatic increase in orphaned children.
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11
Chapter 10: Class and Inequality
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62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might we NOT consider the United States a form of ranked society?
A) The leadership is inherited and prestige is hereditary.
B) The leadership is not inherited,and neither wealth nor prestige is hereditary.
C) The leadership is inherited and wealth is hereditary.
D) The leadership is not inherited and prestige is hereditary.
Q2) The text tells us that in areas with populous market towns where a small number of merchants and landholders managed to accumulate wealth,extreme stratification arose.This is likely because
A) wealth is often the accumulation of fixed assets,not cash.
B) wealth is often acquired by those who have great skill with money.
C) the absence of legal controls allowed a small subset of the population to control the market.
D) the absence of central banking entities precluded a fair redistribution of wealth.
Q3) Why is Karl Marx considered an important theorist in the study of class?
A) Marx developed the concept of the bourgeoisie.
B) Marx was the first thinker to consider the idea of work and production.
C) Marx built his ideas from those of Max Weber and so acquired great prestige.
D) Marx focused on capitalism as it pertained to workers and inequality.
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Chapter 11: The Global Economy
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prior to the European exploration of the Americas,trade routes between China and Europe were accomplished via
A) long-distance overland routes via Siberia and Northern Europe.
B) long-distance ship routes around the southern coast of South America.
C) long-distance overland routes through Asia and eastern Europe.
D) long-distance ship routes around the southern coast of Africa.
Q2) Discuss where and when agricultural production is first seen in the historical record.What technologies does this subsistence strategy entail? Identify and explain changes that occur with the transition to the agricultural subsistence strategy.Provide a total of three examples of social,political,and demographic changes in societies practicing agriculture with food production that is not seen in horticultural,pastoral,or foraging lifestyles.
Q3) Foraging is defined as
A) food production involving the domestication of animals.
B) food production involving some cultivation of the land.
C) food production involving farming.
D) food production based on hunting,fishing,and gathering.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development and organization of states such as Iraq through the colonial policies of Britain and France rather than the "will of the people" that live in those states creates many conflicts today.This makes these states the focus of
A) state department officials.
B) social historians.
C) political scientists.
D) political anthropologists.
Q2) Describe the concept of hegemony,what it does,and how it works.Provide an example.
Q3) The debate continues over whether human beings are naturally peaceful or violent.Discuss the possible foundations of human violence and the evidence presented,and evaluate the author's conclusion.
Q4) Earlier anthropological analysis considered small-scale human groups in comparative isolation.Today,however,it is clear that bands,tribes,and chiefdoms must all function
A) as autonomous groups.
B) solely at the behest of the state.
C) as distinctly heterogeneous societies.
D) within the influence of the state.
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Chapter 13: Religion
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text describes the Muslim saint shrine of Husain Tekri and how people of many different faiths come to the shrine for healing rituals.The people who travel to the shrine are said to be
A) seeking conversion.
B) making a pilgrimage.
C) seeking communitas.
D) participating in a sacred ritual.
Q2) The role of the shaman is generally associated with early seminomadic societies but is also found in which type of the following societies?
A) industrialized
B) seminomadic
C) technological
D) hunter-gatherer
Q3) What did German political philosopher Karl Marx mean when he called religion "the opiate of the masses"? According to Marx,what purpose or purposes does religion serve in society? How is religion related to the economic reality and class struggle found within a society? Do you agree with Marx's arguments and ideas regarding the purpose of religion in society? Why or why not?
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15
Chapter 14: Health and Illness
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements accurately describes Chinese medicine?
A) Researchers have identified a uniform set of Chinese medical practices used by practitioners within and outside China that complement biomedical treatments.
B) It was suppressed as "unscientific" after the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
C) Chinese medicine rejected Western medicine in the early twentieth century as "inauthentic" and "un-Chinese."
D) Chinese medical practices vary widely within China,from patient to patient,and also over time.
Q2) What did Anne Fadiman's research among Hmong refugees in California contribute to anthropological knowledge of the conflicts that can arise between Western and non-Western approaches to health care and treatment? Summarize Lia Lee's health condition,including how her parents' understanding of qaug dab peg differed from physicians' understanding of her condition.What were the experiences of this child and her family as a result of cross-cultural misunderstandings?
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