Ultrasound Instrumentation
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Ultrasound Instrumentation explores the fundamental principles and components of medical ultrasound systems, emphasizing the physical basis of acoustic wave generation, propagation, and detection. The course covers transducer technology, beam formation, signal processing, and display techniques. Students learn about system controls, performance evaluation, and safety considerations, with an emphasis on the integration of electronic, mechanical, and computational elements that enable high-quality imaging. Practical laboratory sessions and case studies provide a comprehensive understanding of how ultrasound equipment operates in clinical settings. Recommended Textbook
Sonography Principles and Instruments 9th Edition by Frederick W. Kremkau PhD
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animals have applied ultrasound to detect and capture prey.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Three-dimensional imaging requires many adjacent tissue ________ to build the image.
A) moving objects
B) frequency shifts
C) cross-sections
D) ultrasound pulses
Answer: C
Q3) Sonography is medical anatomic imaging using a ________ technique.
A) starting point
B) pulse echo
C) vertical parallel
D) transducer instrument
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ultrasound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amplitude and intensity are indicators of the sound wave's ________.
A) strength
B) bandwidth
C) wavelength
D) duty factor
Answer: A
Q2) The attenuation of a 5 MHz transducer in soft tissue would be ________ dB at 2 cm of depth.
A) 20
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1.25
Answer: B
Q3) Stiffer media have higher sound speeds.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Transducers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three aspects of imaging resolution include axial,contrast,and temporal resolution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The impedance of the matching layer is ________.
A) an intermediate value between the transducer element and tissue
B) greater than the value between the transducer element and tissue
C) less than the value between the transducer element and tissue
D) equal to the impedance of tissue
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following frequencies is operated by the thinnest element?
A) 2.5 MHz.
B) 3.5 MHz.
C) 7.5 MHz.
D) 10.0 MHz.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Instruments
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conversion of echo voltages from the radio frequency to video form is called ________.
A) scan conversion
B) demodulation
C) pulse inversion
D) analog-to-digital conversion
Q2) Elastography is an ultrasound imaging mode that depicts tissue ________.
A) density
B) stiffness
C) temperature
D) propagation speed
Q3) Human vision is limited to a dynamic range of about 30 dB.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A two-dimensional image plane is usually divided like a checkerboard in a ________ or similar matrix.
A) 1540 × 7700
B) 256 × 525
C) 1024 × 786
D) 265 × 521
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Doppler Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flow conditions downstream can be reflected in the spectral analysis slightly upstream.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following pulsed Doppler techniques is the most likely to demonstrate slow flow velocities in deep vessels?
A) Color Doppler.
B) Duplex imaging.
C) Power Doppler.
D) Spectral analysis.
Q3) Which flow type demonstrates a flow velocity that is essentially constant across the vessel?
A) Plug
B) Helical
C) Laminar
D) Parabolic
Q4) In a stenosis,flow speed increases and pressure decreases.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Artifacts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following artifacts appears as a series of closely spaced discrete echoes distal to a strongly reflective structure?
A) Ring down.
B) Comet tail.
C) Refraction.
D) Grating lobes.
Q2) Beam width parallel to the scan plane causes partial volume artifact.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Spatial compounding can reduce attenuation artifacts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following can be considered a "cut-and-paste" technique of eliminating aliasing?
A) Shifting the baseline.
B) Increasing the pulse repetition frequency.
C) Decreasing the depth of the sample volume.
D) Increasing the Doppler angle.
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Chapter 7: Performance and Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) A medical indication for a sonography examination is part of the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following describes cavitation?
A) Flow in an absorbing fluid.
B) Conversion of ultrasound to heat.
C) Temperature rise as ultrasound propagates through tissue.
D) Production and behavior of bubbles in a liquid medium.
Q3) No bioeffects have been observed in mammalian tissues that contained well-defined gas bodies at peak rarefactional pressure values (MPa) of less than
A) 0.4
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) 0.1
Q4) The as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle regulates ultrasound instruments.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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