U.S. History Since 1865
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in the United States from the end of the Civil War to the present. Students examine Reconstruction, industrialization, immigration, the Progressive Era, America's rise as a world power, the World Wars, the Great Depression, the Civil Rights Movement, the Cold War era, and recent domestic and international issues. Through critical analysis of primary and secondary sources, students gain an understanding of how diverse groups shaped and were shaped by historical events and how the nations past continues to influence contemporary American society.
Recommended Textbook African American Odyssey The Combined Volume 5th Edition by Darlene Clark Hine
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Chapter 1: Africa
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Q1) How did Soninke monarchs become wealthy and powerful before the fifth century CE?
A) through trade, and with the introduction of the camel providing better transportation
B) through constant warfare, and plundering their neighbors
C) through the mining of copper and lead
D) through the slave trade
Answer: A
Q2) What was the Kingdom of Benin known for up to the seventeenth century?
A) elaborate, skillful work with diamonds
B) a large, sophisticated capital city, which had no beggars
C) a complete lack of slavery, unusual at the time
D) the only society dominated politically by women
Answer: D
Q3) Many West African prose tales centered on
A) "trickster" animal characters.
B) their gods and goddesses.
C) tales of slavery and the evils of white men.
D) All of these are correct.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Middle Passage
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Q1) What do we learn from the story written by Olaudah Equiano, a former slave?
A) Some slaves were treated with kindness and empathy of their initial captors.
B) The middle passage was an incredibly difficult experience for Africans, torn from their home and families and forced into horrifying conditions.
C) Because of their advantage in numbers, some slaves succeeded in rebelling against their captors, seizing control of the slave ship and returning to Africa.
D) Slaves usually failed to resist to the process of slavery.
Answer: B
Q2) Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?
A) The Islamic slave trade did not exist in Africa prior to European entry.
B) The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race.
C) The Islamic slave trade mainly captured adult males for agricultural labor.
D) Slavery and the slave trade under Islamic society was at least as harsh as the European version in the Americas.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Black People in Colonial North America
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Q1) What factor contributed most to the preservation and continuation of West African culture?
A) the increased importation of West African men
B) the crackdown on slaves by white masters in the British colonies
C) the slaves considering it an important part of their lives
D) more balanced sex ratios
Answer: D
Q2) What status did slaves have during approximately the first 20 years of Georgia's existence?
A) Slaves actually had about equal status to whites early in Georgia.
B) Slaves were treated far more harshly in Georgia than anywhere else, primarily because they outnumbered white settlers.
C) Slaves had an ambiguous status in Georgia. Historians cannot tell if they were considered slaves or indentured servants.
D) Slavery was outlawed in Georgia during the early years of the colony.
Answer: D
Q3) The term chattel means _________________.
Answer: personal property
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Chapter 4: Rising Expectations: African Americans and the
Struggle for Independence
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Q1) Why did blacks choose to support the British over the American colonists during the Revolution?
A) Blacks actually supported the American colonists in all cases.
B) Blacks were paid by the British to participate in some of the numerous violent slave uprisings across the south during the Revolution.
C) Blacks resented that the Americans would not let them enlist and were upholding slavery.
D) Many slaves were very frightened by the British army, and were unable to refuse service.
Q2) Who was Crispus Attucks?
A) one of the people who died after accosting British soldiers at the Boston Massacre
B) a famous slave who fought against the British in the battles of Lexington and Concord
C) a black man who was famous for his poetry during the American Revolution
D) a British loyalist, who fought alongside Benedict Arnold in several battles
Q3) Black Loyalists were most common and numerous in the colonies of ______________ and ______________ during the Revolution.
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Q1) What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 not do?
A) ban all slavery in territory west of the Appalachians after 1800
B) provide rules and regulations for the sale of land
C) support public education
D) provide ways for the area to form states and come into the union
Q2) What statement is not true of early (before 1832) anti-slavery societies?
A) They were dominated by Quakers.
B) They included the active participation by and membership of some African Americans.
C) They were most dominant in the northern states.
D) They tended to focus on gradual emancipation plans.
Q3) Which of the following was not a difficulty faced by early black schools?
A) There were threats of violence against them by whites.
B) They never had sufficient enrollment.
C) African-American parents thought that schools were useless.
D) Funding was a constant problem, as many African Americans had little money.
Q4) What was the name of the first anti-slavery society in the world?
Q5) Which slave led a rebellion in Virginia in 1800?
Q6) What was the name of the first governing document of the United States of America?
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Chapter 6: Life in the Cotton Kingdom
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Q1) Which new states led the production of cotton, in what was called the "Black Belt"?
A) Virginia and North Carolina
B) Georgia and Tennessee
C) Tennessee and Kentucky
D) Alabama and Mississippi
Q2) Kentucky raised a significant quantity of hemp, a plant related to marijuana. What was hemp used for?
A) medicine and painkillers
B) helping to start fires for iron production
C) feeding cows
D) rope and bagging for cotton bales
Q3) What city served as a major slave market for slaves moving through the Southwest?
A) New York
B) St. Louis
C) New Orleans
D) Atlanta
Q4) Most victims of the slave trade moved by foot, usually chained or roped together, in groups called _______________.
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Chapter 7: Free Black People in Antebellum America
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Q1) Which party developed to support Andrew Jackson and oppose John Quincy Adams?
Q2) Most white northerners in the period 1820-1860
A) were generally more liberal than southerners in race issues.
B) wanted nothing to do with blacks, and had the same kind of racist ideas as southerners.
C) were about equally divided between those who wanted slavery to continue and those who fought against it.
D) thought that blacks were very hard, honest workers, and would take jobs away from them.
Q3) Who was the first African American to argue a case before the United States Supreme Court?
Q4) What types of laws did Indiana, Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin pass regarding black citizens in their states?
A) They all allowed blacks to vote, and banned segregation.
B) They all pushed for women's rights well before the beginning of the national women's rights movement.
C) They banned all blacks from the state in their constitutions.
D) They tried to bring slavery into their states, but failed.
Q5) What black institution continued to be the center of black communities?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Opposition to Slavery
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Q1) Which of the following is true about the Denmark Vesey Conspiracy in 1822?
A) It led to Quakers and their abolitionist societies having a greater influence.
B) It was put down after the blacks had killed 100 whites and burned several blocks of Charleston.
C) It reinforced white beliefs that the free black population was a dangerous influence.
D) All of these are correct.
Q2) How did African Americans participate in the antislavery movement in the early nineteenth century?
A) They assisted secretly in the South, and helped in direct action in the North.
B) They controlled the large antislavery societies in the North, although whites joined.
C) They led and organized societies in the Upper South.
D) Because of the prevalence of racism, they were not allowed to help at all.
Q3) Other than Africa, where did some African Americans choose to migrate?
Q4) What is a term used for people who favored getting rid of slavery throughout the country?
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Chapter 9: Let Your Motto Be Resistance
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Q1) Examine Map 9-1. Where were the worst and most frequent race riots?
A) New Orleans
B) Philadelphia
C) Charleston
D) New York City
Q2) How did Douglass differ from his colleagues who favored black nationalism?
A) He did not differ. Douglass also supported black nationalism and migration to Africa.
B) Only by degrees. Douglass approved of a separate black nation, but within America.
C) Douglass believed that blacks would eventually blend into American society.
D) None of these are correct.
Q3) Why did some black abolitionists become increasingly militant during the 1840s?
A) They were inspired by various slave rebellions and mutinies on ships.
B) They were unable to organize in any way because of racism.
C) They were extremely angry about whites continuing to subordinate women.
D) Historians do not yet understand this phenomenon.
Q4) What was the name of Frederick Douglass's influential newspaper?
Q5) The ________________ was a rule passed by Congress in effect forbidding any discussion of antislavery issues.
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Q1) Regarding slavery, what was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
A) The Kansas-Nebraska Act had nothing to do with slavery.
B) The Kansas-Nebraska Act outlawed slavery in all remaining American territory.
C) It repealed the Missouri Compromise line, with the possibility that slavery would be allowed in areas it never had before.
D) It abolished slavery in the border states.
Q2) What was the Republicans' position on slavery during the 1860 election?
A) The Republicans would oppose slavery everywhere.
B) The Republicans were opposed to any expansion of slavery in the territories, but said they would not challenge it where it already existed.
C) The Republicans would ignore the issue of slavery, since it was so troublesome.
D) The Republicans would support the expansion of slavery anywhere.
Q3) What is a "nativist" movement?
A) another word for abolitionist
B) the same thing as racism
C) anti-immigrant sentiment
D) another word for patriotism, believing in your native country
Q4) Which was the first state to secede?
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Chapter 11: Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War
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Q1) What Union commander began the policy of accepting runaway slaves as "contraband"?
Q2) What can be said about the First South Carolina Volunteers?
A) They were well paid for black troops, almost as well as the whites.
B) They were generally all from the North.
C) General Hunter sometimes used white troops to force blacks to volunteer.
D) They fought bravely at the assault on Fort Wagner.
Q3) How did the United States government resolve the issue of unequal pay for blacks?
A) They never did. Blacks were never granted equal pay with whites.
B) They granted equal pay toward the end of the war and allowed free blacks to receive back pay for service only before January 1, 1864.
C) They granted blacks double the pay of whites if they served in actual combat.
D) They court-martialed all the men protesting for insubordination and treason.
Q4) Who was the Confederate officer in charge of the Fort Pillow massacre?
Q5) Who commanded the Army of Northern Virginia, the main Confederate Army?
A) Robert E. Lee
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Jefferson Davis, before he accepted the presidency of the Confederacy
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Chapter 12: The Meaning of Freedom: the Promise of Reconstruction
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Q1) Which of the following is true about the Port Royal Experiment?
A) Ex-slaves began to work the land around Port Royal, South Carolina, and some were able to purchase property.
B) It was a Southern experiment to re-institute slavery. The experiment failed when Lincoln discovered it.
C) It was an attempt to force slaves into industrial labor in the North.
D) Blacks there were immediately forced on ships to go to Africa.
Q2) Which of the following was a black college established after the Civil War?
A) Morehouse
B) Hampton
C) Cheyney University
D) Wilberforce University
Q3) What was true about the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
A) It was intended to make black codes illegal.
B) It would have made all minorities and racial groups, if they had been born in America, citizens of the United States.
C) It applied to women as well as men, and would have granted universal voting rights to all over the age of 18.
D) It was a very weak law, and would have had no effect on blacks in reality.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Meaning of Freedom: the Failure of
Reconstruction, 1868-1877
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Q1) What is true about the end of Reconstruction?
A) Whites learned that intimidation and violence would not reduce the amount of black voting.
B) Republicans regained control of southern legislatures.
C) It left few lasting benefits for blacks.
D) The high level of violence completely ended.
Q2) What happened to the University of South Carolina when black leaders insisted it include black students?
A) White students accepted the blacks, and helped them adjust to college life.
B) Most of the white students and faculty left.
C) Whites discriminated against the black students, making life very difficult for them.
D) The governor of South Carolina shut the school down.
Q3) How did Congress react to repeated southern attempts to stop blacks from exercising political power?
A) They passed the Sixteenth Amendment.
B) They passed the Fifteenth Amendment.
C) They did very little, since Congress was tired of dealing with the South's misbehavior.
D) Congress responded by expelling southern congressmen and senators.
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Chapter 14: White Supremacy Triumphant: African
Americans in the South in the Late Nineteenth Century
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Q1) ___________________ was generally the equivalent of enslavement. A black family would get into debt and would not be allowed to leave the land until it had paid off the debt.
Q2) In the Populist Party, which leader openly promoted interracial cooperation as a way of overcoming farmers' problems?
A) Hiram Revels
B) Thomas Watson
C) William Jennings Bryan
D) Teddy Roosevelt
Q3) What is true about the number of lynchings in the South over the period 1889-1932?
A) About two to three people were lynched every week.
B) It was actually very small, although the black press constantly reported false occurrences.
C) About ten people were lynched daily, in the South alone.
D) No statistics were ever kept about the numbers of lynchings.
Q4) What system did white southerners devise for convicts, which provided very cheap (and mostly black) labor for businessmen?
Q5) What was the name of the case that upheld Louisiana's segregation laws?
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Chapter 15: Black Southerners Challenge White Supremacy
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Q1) What was not a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?
A) Washington believed blacks should learn cleanliness and proper morality.
B) Washington believed that blacks should learn agricultural skills.
C) Washington believed that blacks should stress skilled labor, like carpentry.
D) Washington believed that blacks should work for the right to vote while they worked for economic success.
Q2) What did many people think was an appropriate education for black students?
A) vocational training, in a skill or trade
B) liberal arts education
C) training to be a doctor or lawyer
D) training in the sciences.
Q3) Which was not a difference between jazz and ragtime?
A) Jazz was mostly improvised.
B) Jazz used many different instruments.
C) Jazz originated in New Orleans.
D) Jazz originated among white musicians, but black artists quickly took it over.
Q4) Who began the push to eliminate black men from major league baseball?
Q5) Who is regarded as the "father of the blues"?
Q6) Who was Hampton Institute's most famous and prized student?
Page 17
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Chapter
Americans in the Early Twentieth Century
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Q1) Who was the most prominent black person associated with the NAACP in the early twentieth century?
A) Booker T. Washington
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Frederick Douglass
D) Harriet Tubman
Q2) What did the Springfield Riot of 1908 lead to?
A) the imprisonment of over 300 blacks
B) the creation of the NAACP
C) W. E. B. Du Bois's death at the hands of white police
D) Washington being beaten by police, after he was mistaken for a rioter
Q3) What was Washington's nickname?
A) the "Book Man"
B) the Wizard of Tuskegee
C) the first black president
D) the Godfather
Q4) What was the first college sorority for black women?
Q5) What was the first college fraternity for black men?
Q6) What was the motto of the NACW?
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Chapter 17: African Americans and the 1920s
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Q1) Who was Andrew "Rube" Foster?
A) a black pitcher during the 1910s
B) the man behind the formation of the Negro National League
C) founder of the Chicago American Giants
D) all of these answers are correct
Q2) Which of the following is not true about amateur sports during the 1910s and 1920s?
A) Black players on white teams rarely encountered discrimination from fans or other athletes.
B) They were more rigidly segregated than professional sports.
C) Amateur sports at black colleges were very popular and well attended.
D) Amateur sports were almost nonexistent: they died out before 1900.
Q3) What did authors like Jessie Fauset and W. E. B. Du Bois think the purpose of black literature should be?
A) to promote a positive image of blacks, and help resolve racial conflicts
B) to be very political, and stay away from fiction or imagined situations
C) that art should portray ordinary, even poor black people, with their good and bad sides
D) that art should be an expression of black nationalism, like Garvey was expressing
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Q1) What organization did the National Negro Congress become more and more associated with in the late 1930s?
A) the NAACP
B) Marcus Garvey's UNIA
C) the Communist Party
D) the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Q2) What was Houston's legal focus?
A) He wanted to file cases to completely eliminate segregation directly.
B) He wanted to gain an amendment to the constitution allowing black women to vote.
C) He tried to force the South to equalize facilities, especially in education.
D) Houston wanted to allow segregation, but force whites to allow economic progress.
Q3) Which of the following is true about the role of black women in the NAACP?
A) Black women were excluded from the NAACP until the 1950s.
B) Because they had no political power, they had very little to do with the organization.
C) Black women often made huge contributions through organizing and fundraising.
D) Black women were only allowed to lead children's branches of the NAACP.
Q4) Who was the first black Democrat to ever win a House of Representatives seat?
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Chapter 19: Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s
and 1940s
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Q1) What lessons did Amos 'n' Andy teach white America?
A) That racism was unacceptable, and blacks were the equals to whites.
B) That it was acceptable to laugh at black people's efforts to get by in America.
C) That blacks could be successful in high-level positions in society.
D) That blacks could only be stereotyped as comedians or pranksters.
Q2) How did the minority groups that influenced Hollywood---Jews and Italians---treat African Americans?
A) They realized that they were also discriminated against, and tried to include them in film and television.
B) They made no attempt to include them in Hollywood's power structure, continuing to marginalize them.
C) Jews and Italians were forbidden by the owners of studios from employing black actors in anything but subservient roles.
D) Jews had such little influence in Hollywood that they really could not change the situation for other minority groups.
Q3) What did the development of black culture during the 1930s and 1940s help African Americans counter?
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Q1) What was the Cold War?
A) the armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in Siberia after World War II
B) an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union over different interests for Europe and the rest of the world
C) another name for the Korean War during the early 1950s
D) the war against segregation in the United States
Q2) How did the United States government punish Robeson for his views?
A) They placed him under house arrest.
B) They revoked his passport, and refused to allow him to travel abroad.
C) They sent him to prison under solitary confinement, and refused to allow him access to an attorney.
D) They secretly kidnapped him and sent him to live in exile in the Soviet Union.
Q3) What area saw the most dramatic increase in black population during World War II?
Q4) Who led the Dixiecrat Party revolt in 1948?
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Chapter 21: The Freedom Movement
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Q1) How did whites in Alabama react to the Freedom Riders passing through their state?
A) They paid little attention, since the riders were peaceful and made no trouble.
B) They reacted violently, bombing the buses and beating the riders and bystanders.
C) They generally supported the black students, as long as they were peaceful.
D) They supported the students with donations of food and money.
Q2) What group did students form to continue their activism?
A) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
B) Southern Christian Leadership Conference
C) Congress of Racial Equality
D) Southern Regional Congress
Q3) What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Browder v. Gayle?
A) Whites had a right to segregate anything they wanted to under the Fourteenth Amendment.
B) Blacks had no right to sue a private facility for discrimination.
C) Segregation in public transportation was unconstitutional.
D) Law schools had to be open to both blacks and whites.
Q4) Who was responsible for the murder of civil rights activist Medgar Evers?
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Chapter 22: Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1976
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Q1) Which of the following was not a difference between blacks seen at the Gary convention?
A) Some wanted separate cultural institutions solely for blacks.
B) Some opposed busing as a way to integrate schools.
C) Some rejected forming all black unions as a way to protest union discrimination.
D) Some wanted only the elite to control black politics, returning to Du Bois's idea of a "Talented Tenth."
Q2) What event is generally seen as the beginning of the second phase of the black student movement?
A) the Attica Prison Revolt
B) the first sit-ins in the 1960s
C) the Orangeburg Massacre
D) the death of Malcolm X
Q3) Why is L. Douglas Wilder significant?
A) He was the first black presidential candidate.
B) He was the first black senator from Virginia.
C) He was the first black governor of a southern state since Reconstruction.
D) He was the first black man to become a billionaire.
Q4) Who was the first black woman to make the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list?
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Chapter 23: African Americans at the Millennium
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Q1) What arguments have been made about racial statistics?
A) They should not ever be used as they are always discriminatory.
B) That without racial statistics, we might not know if we need programs to change discrimination.
C) That they stop miscegenation.
D) That they should only be used at the state level, not the national level.
Q2) How did the economic situation for blacks change in the late twentieth century compared to the mid twentieth century?
A) More black women were forced into domestic and food service jobs.
B) Black family income increased dramatically.
C) Black wealth completely closed the income gap with whites.
D) Overall, economic opportunities for blacks dropped dramatically.
Q3) How was the cultural flowering of the 1980s and 1990s different from that in the 1960s and 1970s?
A) The art included more political flavor than before.
B) Literature was mainly aimed toward poetry in languages other than English.
C) Film began to be used as a political tool and art form.
D) The 1980s and 1990s included women, especially novelists, to a greater degree.
Q4) For what did Pope John Paul II apologize in 1993?
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Q1) How did blacks feel about Clinton?
A) They refused to support him at first, but later reluctantly did.
B) They warmly welcomed his candidacy against Bush, and felt that he was the best president since Lyndon Johnson regarding black rights.
C) They never supported him.
D) The black vote was split evenly between Bush and Clinton in 1992.
Q2) What was the idea behind Ronald Reagan's "trickle-down" economics?
A) It would help black families by giving them small amounts of money.
B) It gave tax breaks to the wealthy, who were then supposed to spend that money to improve the economy and benefit middle- and lower-class people.
C) It was a very complicated theory that involved a variety of levels of tax increases and decreases, and property taxes to achieve maximum growth.
D) Trickle down economics asserted that water conservation measures needed to be implemented to save money and resources.
Q3) What was the name of the Supreme Court case that decided to stop the recount of Florida votes, and gave the 2000 election to George Bush?
Q4) Who led the "Rainbow Coalition"?
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