Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Pre-Test Questions - 479 Verified Questions

Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Pre-Test Questions

Course Introduction

This course provides an in-depth overview of the major theoretical approaches to psychotherapy and counseling, including psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, systemic, and multicultural perspectives. Students will explore the historical evolution, fundamental concepts, techniques, and applications associated with each theory, emphasizing how these frameworks inform clinical practice and the therapeutic relationship. The course also examines the strengths and limitations of each approach, ethical and cultural considerations, and the process of integrating theories to address diverse client needs. Through readings, case studies, and discussions, students will develop a critical understanding of how theory guides assessment, intervention, and outcome evaluation in counseling settings.

Recommended Textbook

Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by Diane

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16 Chapters

479 Verified Questions

479 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and

You: Connecting the Dots

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Sample Questions

Q1) The major mental health disciplines agree that the competent use of theory entails all of the following areas EXCEPT: _____________________________________.

A) assessment and diagnosis

B) diversity and multicultural competence

C) research and the evidence base

D) the person-of-the-therapist

Answer: A

Q2) EST's meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT:

A) use of no-treatment control, alternative treatment, and placebo treatment groups.

B) a specific population with a specific identified problem.

C) use of reliable and valid outcome measures.

D) treatment based on theoretical orientation vs. use of a written treatment manual.

Answer: D

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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning

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Sample Questions

Q1) Initial phase client goals should involve all of the following EXCEPT: _________________________.

A) stabilizing crisis symptoms

B) managing child, dependent adult, or elder abuse issues

C) addressing substance and alcohol abuse issues

D) making a note to address self-harming behaviors at a later time

Answer: D

Q2) Clinical treatment plans _____________________________________________.

A) are the same as theory-based treatment plans

B) are based on the medical model

C) include therapeutic tasks, client goals, and interventions

D) provide a limited view of the client and system

Answer: C

Q3) Aftercare plans identify all of the following EXCEPT: _____________________.

A) what the client did to make the changes they have made

B) how the client will maintain their success

C) how the client will handle the next set of challenges in their lives

D) how the client demonstrated resistance during treatment

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) All of the following general goals related to "mental health" fit with psychodynamic approaches EXCEPT:

A) decreased use of defense mechanisms.

B) decreased irrational impulses.

C) increased differentiation .

D) increased ability to experience mature dependency.

Answer: C

Q2) The concept of a holding environment as it relates to the counselor-client relationship incorporates which of the following?

A) The counselor incorporates touch into the counseling relationship.

B) The counselor allows the client to work with overwhelming stimuli.

C) The counselor provides a supportive, nurturing environment.

D) The counselor offers personal information and opinions.

Answer: C

Q3) Freud focused his work in which area of the consciousness?

A) unconscious

B) conscious

C) preconscious

D) postconscious

Answer: A

Page 5

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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology

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Sample Questions

Q1) Jung believed in the ____________________,which extends beyond the individual conscious and unconscious,can be traced in cultures throughout the world and represents the evolutionary mind of humanity.

A) archetype

B) analytical mind

C) higher self

D) collective unconscious

Q2) The goal to increase awareness of the persona and how it is maintained is a good example of an early or working phase goal and aimed at

A) increasing polarities

B) understanding complexes

C) analysis of archetypes

D) individuation

Q3) What strengths does this approach have for working with diverse clients? What are the weaknesses?

Q4) Briefly explain what Myers-Briggs is.

Q5) Describe the relationship between the ego and the Self?

Q6) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?

Q7) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?

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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling

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Sample Questions

Q1) Work with Budi reveals that he has a profession he enjoys and family connections,but that he has little connection in friendships in the community.This information would come through the assessment of ____________________________.

A) style of life

B) basic mistakes

C) life tasks

D) treatment tasks

Q2) Regarding Budi,psychoeducation on wellness and positive psychology so that he can identify key components to maintaining well-being would best be

A) an initial phase task

B) a working phase task

C) a closing phase task

D) avoided due to diversity issues

Q3) What is meant by "private logic"?

Q4) Basic mistakes result in _________________ and _______________.

A) trauma; loss

B) personality issues; low self esteem

C) inferiority; low social interest

D) loss of security; low personal tolerance

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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is self-actualization?

Q2) The author of the text suggests that the primary purpose of self-disclosure is _________ ___________________________________.

A) building a friendship with the client

B) making clients feel more comfortable

C) helping clients achieve their goals

D) demonstrating therapist expertise and superiority

Q3) List and describe Roger's three core conditions that the therapist must create in the counseling relationship.

Q4) Immediacy is used

A) when a client's verbalizations do not match their presenting emotion

B) to prompt the client to identify what they are feeling in the moment

C) to normalize the client's experiences

D) to help clients clarify what is vaguely expressed

Q5) Person-centered counseling was developed by ______________________________.

A) Rogers

B) Whitaker

C) Gestalt

D) Satir Page 8

Q6) List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.

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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to Irving Yalom,there are four areas existential counseling helps clients address.All of the following are addressed in existential counseling with clients EXCEPT:

A) death and anxiety.

B) inclusion and authority.

C) freedom and responsibility.

D) isolation and relationship.

Q2) Which of the following statements is the best example of a goal in existential counseling?

A) Develop a sense of identity that is less dependent on financial status.

B) Reduce depressed mood.

C) Create greater acceptance of change.

D) Reduce existential anxiety and/or fear of being alone.

Q3) Describe the concept of death anxiety from an existential counseling perspective.

Q4) What are three interventions that existential counselors utilize in session? Describe each.

Q5) Describe the I-Thou relationship.

Q6) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?

Q7) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?

Page 10

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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) After working with Jesse in therapy for several weeks,Maurice believes it is time for Jesse to increase his integration of polarities between being a strong versus weak brother/son.What intervention might Maurice use to help Jesse accomplish this goal?

A) an enactment or experiment

B) boundary setting

C) increasing awareness

D) dream interpretation

Q2) Responsible vs.carefree is an example of a problematic

A) act

B) polarity

C) opposition

D) counterbalance

Q3) Why is it important for the counselor to encourage the client to stay with difficult feelings?

Q4) What is the primary vehicle for change in Gestalt counseling?

A) the person of the counselor

B) the interventions

C) the theory

D) the client

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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following statement best describes the concept of irrational beliefs?

A) Most clients believe that it is themselves that cause the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the people surrounding the client that are the cause and therefore the focus of change.

B) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the irrational belief about the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.

C) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is behavior that results from the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.

D) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is biochemistry that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.

Q2) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?

Q3) Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

Q4) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

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Page 12

Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral

Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and

Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) One of the most basic assumptions of the DBT approach is that clients

A) seek change but do not want to let go of the old way of doing things

B) seek change and are most often ready for change

C) seek change because the they will lose someone close if they do not

D) seek to avoid change because they are happy where they are at in life

Q2) As part of the conceptualization process,April's counselor has asked her to help develop a step-by-step description of the events that led to April arguing with her supervisor when she felt micromanaged.The therapist is conducting a ________________ with April.

A) problem analysis

B) therapy-interfering analysis

C) behavioral chain analysis

D) quality of life-interfering behavioral analysis

Q3) What is the cognitive triangle and what is it used for?

Q4) Regarding interventions,DBT counselors teach all of the following skills EXCEPT:

A) mindfulness and wise mind.

B) emotional regulation.

C) psychological regulation.

D) distress tolerance. Page 13

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Page 14

Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) ____________________ is the concept that refers to when a system restructures its homeostasis in response to positive feedback.During this time,the rules that govern the system fundamentally shift.

A) Second-order change

B) Self-correcting

C) First-order change

D) Positive feedback

Q2) Virginia Satir's Human Growth model conceptualizes family interactions in terms of the communication or survival stances,which a person adopts as a child for the purpose of ___________________________.

A) coping with difficult family interactions.

B) acculturating to a new environment.

C) allowing their authentic self to shine through in the family system.

D) dominating the family system.

Q3) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?

Q4) List and describe 3 effective interventions employed by systemic therapists?

Q5) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?

Q6) How do boundaries play a role in the family system?

Q7) How are symptoms viewed by systemic therapists?

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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches

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Sample Questions

Q1) How is the Beginner's Mind used in solution-focused counseling?

Q2) Marcella is a 32-year-old nurse practitioner who is seeking treatment with you after her brother was killed in a car accident.She was both saddened by his tragic death and feels a smug sense of vindication because she believes that he has finally been punished for sexually abusing her when she was 12.Marcella did not seek treatment at the time of her abuse and cut herself to cope with the pain.She has begun cutting again after the death of her brother.In solution-focused therapy,what might be an initial phase counseling task in working with Marcella?

A) Reduce symptoms of grief.

B) Increase coping skills.

C) Reduce feelings of vindication.

D) Build rapport by identifying strengths and resources.

Q3) How are strengths utilized in solution-focused counseling?

Q4) How do solution-focused counselors view problems?

Q5) Which of the following is an example of a pre-suppositional question?

A) What are you going to do to resolve this issue?

B) How do you contribute to the problem?

C) What will your life look like when you change problem?

D) What will you be doing differently once we resolve these issues?

Q6) What is the role of the counselor in solution-focused counseling?

Page 16

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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches

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Sample Questions

Q1) Elan is a 19-year-old Native American who recently lost his best friend in a drunk-driving accident.His friend was driving while under the influence on his way home from Elan's house when he hit a tree and was killed upon impact.Due to his extreme guilt,Elan did not initially drink for several months following the accident.Now that he has resumed drinking,he is drinking more than ever before,although he does not drink on days he has to go into work.He says that his friend's spirit is haunting him and he is considering contacting a medicine man whom his mother knows to help deal with the spirit.As a narrative counselor,what is a unique outcome you might help Elan to see?

A) The guilt that he experiences as a result of his friend's death

B) The fact that he chooses to not drink on days he has to work

C) His statement that his friend's spirit is haunting him

D) His unique cultural heritage

Q2) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?

Q3) Similarly to solution-based counselors,postmodern counselors focus on the client's

A) free will

B) emotions

C) problems

D) strengths

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Page 17

Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Feminist counselors see women as developing the self ______________________.

A) in isolation

B) in and through relationships

C) autonomously

D) separate from others

Q2) How does connection play a role in feminist counseling?

Q3) Feminist counselors promote social activism and social justice through their own actions and with their clients by ______________________________________________________.

A) requiring clients to start groups for peers in their communities suffering from similar struggles

B) supporting clients finding ways to make a difference in their communities in ways that work for the client

C) advocating for clients no matter what the cost (personally or professionally) to the therapist

D) projecting the beliefs of the counselor onto the client until the client accepts them

Q4) List and describe 3 interventions used in feminist counseling.

Q5) How do feminist counselors view diagnosis?

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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration

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Sample Questions

Q1) Explain first-order and second-order cybernetics.

Q2) All of the following are schools with the post-modern philosophical approach EXCEPT:

A) constructivism.

B) social-constructivism.

C) structuralism/postconstructuralism.

D) individualism.

Q3) Most evidence-based treatments use _________________ to combine two or more theories into a single coherent theoretical model to improve or expand the potentials each theory may have alone.

A) common factors

B) assimilative integration

C) systemic treatment selection

D) favorite intervention integration

Q4) The combining of two or more theories into a coherent approach is called

A) eclecticism

B) joining

C) integration

D) combining

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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization

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Sample Questions

Q1) When a counselor is trying to determine the client's presenting concern,a common mistake of a new counselor is ____________________________________.

A) focusing on a rigid problem definition

B) getting bogged down in too few definitions of the problem

C) defining the problem from the client's worldview

D) viewing the client from a multicultural perspective

Q2) Which of the following statements LEAST accurately reflects the author's beliefs about assessing for diversity issues when conceptualizing counseling cases?

A) Each form of diversity brings with it both unique resources as well as limitations.

B) Only feminist, narrative, and collaborative counselors need to assess for diversity issues.

C) For many clients, traumatic and oppressive experiences related to being a minority or simply "different" is at the core of their problematic situation.

D) Many cultural and ethnic groups are marginalized in dominant society, but they also tend to have stronger than average social and religious networks that provide them a sense of belonging and support.

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