Theories of Personality Test Bank
Course Introduction
Theories of Personality explores the major conceptual frameworks and approaches that seek to understand the development, structure, and dynamics of personality. The course examines classical theories such as psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives, as well as contemporary models including social-cognitive and biological approaches. Students will analyze the strengths and limitations of each theory, apply them to real-life contexts, and gain insight into how personality assessment and research contribute to understanding individual differences and psychological well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Psychology Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 6th Edition by Randy Larsen
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20 Chapters
1476 Verified Questions
1476 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lillian is interested in understanding how borderline personality disorder affects everyday behavior in a clinical population.She most likely will use the methods and the models of the _____ domain of knowledge about human nature in conducting her research.
A)dispositional
B)biological
C)adjustment
D)intrapsychic
Answer: C
Q2) In the social environment,one's "effective environment" represents:
A)the strongest environmental cues that are found in any given environment.
B)the environmental cues that are directly related to survival in his or her immediate environment.
C)a set of cues emitted by other people in the environment.
D)the subset of environmental features that one's psychological mechanisms direct him or her to attend and respond to.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Larsen conducts a study in which participants are given pagers.Every time the participants are paged,they complete a short questionnaire.Participants are paged three times a day for eight days.This type of research is called:
A)experiential research.
B)experience sampling.
C)life sampling.
D)observer query.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is by far the most commonly used self-report assessment procedure?
A)The interview method
B)The periodic report method
C)The questionnaire method
D)The experience sampling method
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The five-factor model was originally based on a combination of the _____ approaches.
A)lexical and statistical
B)theoretical and statistical
C)act frequency and statistical
D)theoretical and act frequency
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about factor analysis?
A)It believes that the trait terms that are useful to people in social communication have become encoded within the natural language.
B)It starts with the notion that traits are categories of acts.
C)It uses an existing theory of personality to determine which traits are important.
D)It essentially identifies clusters of personality items that covary but tend to deviate from other groups of items.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
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53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most personality and social psychologists agree that actual behavior is based on:
A)constant interactions between an individual's personality and different situations.
B)stable behavior that is observed across a multitude of situations.
C)extremely strong situations that constantly change one's behavior.
D)a need to disagree.
Q2) When seeking to distinguish between genuine and faked responses,a psychologist decides that a person who was faking was actually telling the truth resulting in _____.
A)a false positive
B)a factor analysis
C)situational selection
D)carelessness
Q3) The tendency to choose the situations in which one finds oneself is known as:
A)situational selection.
B)evocation.
C)manipulation.
D)aggregation.
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6
Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability,
Coherence, and Change
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is usually defined as the individual differences that emerge very early in life,are likely to have a heritable basis,and are often involved with emotionality or arousability.
A)Trait
B)Temperament
C)Personality development
D)Disposition
Q2) According to Jean Twenge (2001),women's _____ scores generally rose half a standard deviation from 1931 to 1945 and from 1968 to 1993.
A)domesticity
B)level of education
C)assertiveness
D)sensation seeking
Q3) When measuring heights of individuals between ages 14 and 20,one is most likely to observe high:
A)mean level stability.
B)rank order stability.
C)rank order instability.
D)mean level change.
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Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with individuals with so-called short repeat versions of the DRD4 gene,individuals with so-called long repeat versions of this gene were found to:
A)be higher on novelty seeking.
B)be more passive recipients of their environment.
C)have a more significant heritable influence on their religious attitudes.
D)be less affected by the role of genes in their own marital satisfaction.
Q2) Rochelle's son loves camping.However,her daughter prefers painting.During summer break,Rochelle sends her son for a four-day camp.During the same time,she takes her daughter to various painting exhibitions in the city.This scenario best exemplifies _____.
A)the equal environments assumption
B)the assumption of representativeness
C)reactive genotype-environment correlation
D)passive genotype-environment correlation
Q3) The goal of the Human Genome Project is to:
A)identify which genes are related to personality.
B)identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in the human species.
C)identify genotypic variance.
D)resolve the nature-nurture debate once and for all.
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Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with a reactive behavioral activation system may be very:
A)extraverted.
B)impulsive.
C)conscientious.
D)psychopathic.
Q2) Carlos is very competitive,hostile,and impatient.When performing a stressful task,he shows much larger increases in blood pressure and heart rate than others.In this scenario,Carlos most likely has a(n)_____ personality.
A)mesomorphic
B)Type A
C)impulsive
D)reactive
Q3) An advantage of the physiological approach to personality is that physiological characteristics:
A)are easy to measure.
B)can be measured mechanically and reliably.
C)are the most important part of personality.
D)are the same for all people.
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9
Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
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86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychopathy may be an effective strategy for some people in the population to be reproductively successful based on the _____ theory.
A)frequency-dependent
B)mental health
C)double-shot
D)individual differences
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the evolutionary approach?
A)Lack of knowledge about conditions during human evolution
B)Different selective pressures today than in most of human history
C)Different evolutionary explanations being able to explain the same phenomenon
D)Usage of an inductive method to generate evolutionary hypotheses
Q3) Sheila attends a baby shower with her girlfriends.She knows that there are not going to be any men in the party,yet she goes out of her way to look attractive.This is an example of competition based on _____ selection.
A)intersexual
B)intrasexual
C)inner sexual
D)inert sexual
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10
Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
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107 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defense mechanisms is a threatening or an unacceptable impulse channeled or redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target?
A)Repression
B)Sublimation
C)Projection
D)Displacement
Q2) According to Sigmund Freud,a function of dreaming is to:
A)reduce anxiety.
B)allow a person to release unconscious tension.
C)fulfill unconscious desires.
D)clarify preconscious thoughts.
Q3) When individuals are made to relax,sit back in a comfortable chair,let their mind wander,and then say whatever comes into their mind,they would be engaging in _____.
A)free association
B)dream analysis
C)a projective technique
D)identification
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Chapter 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ model of memory holds that mental elements (such as words or images)are stored in memory along with associations to other elements in memory.
A)cognitive unconscious
B)confirmatory bias
C)spreading activation
D)internalized objects
Q2) A person deals with the question "Who am I?" in the _____ stage.
A)initiative versus guilt
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)trust versus mistrust
D)identity versus role confusion
Q3) Which of the following describes the idea that memory influences in various ways what people recall?
A)The motivated unconscious view
B)Priming
C)A constructive memory
D)Confirmatory bias
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a core condition for client-centered therapy?
A)Unconditional positive regard
B)Genuine acceptance
C)Empathic understanding
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) According to Carl Rogers,anxiety is a result of:
A)positive regard.
B)distorting one's experiences.
C)having an experience that does not fit with one's self-conception.
D)experiencing conditions of worth.
Q3) The humanistic tradition is most associated with the:
A)motive to self-actualize.
B)need for power (nPow).
C)need for intimacy (nInt).
D)need for achievement (nAch).
Q4) According to Carl Rogers,people who experience many conditions of worth may:
A)lose touch with their own desires and wants.
B)work primarily for approval from others.
C)distort their shortcomings.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Topics in Personality
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is debated among intelligence researchers?
A)Whether intelligence can be measured accurately
B)Whether measures of intelligence are biased to favor some individuals
C)Whether different racial groups differ with respect to intelligence
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) In a study of 100 police officers in simulated high-stimulation settings,Vrij,van der Steen,and Koppelaar (1995)predicted that field-independent officers were most likely to:
A)have difficulty giving a better description of a witnessed event.
B)be more accurate in deciding when to shoot.
C)pay more attention to surrounding noise and activity.
D)ignore facial expressions in complex photographs of people.
Q3) A person who recalls factual information in response to a new event is engaging in:
A)personalizing cognition.
B)objectifying cognition.
C)causal attribution.
D)defensive pessimism.
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14
Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ekman has argued that facial expressions of primary emotions are innate based on:
A)the observation of the human fetus when it is in the seventh month of pregnancy.
B)research that reveals how people who are born deaf and dumb form facial expressions.
C)the observation of a healthy infant who is less than a year old.
D)the distinct and universal facial expressions and the observation of blind persons.
Q2) Which of the following words would cause emotional interference in a person who is high in neuroticism?
A)Disease
B)Fear
C)Failure
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q3) Which of the following disease categories is highly related to neuroticism?
A)Coronary disease
B)Cancer
C)Premature death
D)None of the answers is correct.
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Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who agrees with the statement "I feel I do not have much to be proud of" would score _____ self-esteem.
A)low on academic
B)high on academic
C)low on global
D)high on global
Q2) Self-esteem measures in an academic domain _____ with self-esteem measures in a physical appearance domain.
A)correlate highly
B)correlate moderately
C)correlate little
D)do not correlate
Q3) When a person evaluates his or her performance relative to his or her peers,he or she engages in:
A)self-handicapping.
B)self-awareness.
C)selective valuation.
D)social comparison.
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16
Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a phenomenon whereby people's beliefs about the personality characteristics of others cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with their initial beliefs.
A)Blindsight
B)Defensive pessimism
C)Secondary appraisal
D)Expectancy confirmation
Q2) Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly-positive view of herself.Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of:
A)extraversion.
B)narcissism.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)manipulation.
Q3) Individuals who score high on sensation seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that:
A)are characterized by high-risk sexual behavior.
B)involve unusual psychological experiments on drugs or sex.
C)consist of a series of highly-repetitive tasks.
D)frequently involve attending parties where alcohol or drugs are available.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Sex,Gender,and Personality
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Average differences between men and women on certain characteristics,such as height,body fat distribution,or personality characteristics,with no prejudgment about the cause of the differences are referred to as:
A)sex differences.
B)gender differences.
C)adaptive problems.
D)gender stereotypes.
Q2) Following puberty,there is no overlap between the sexes in their levels of:
A)warmth.
B)self-esteem.
C)sexuality.
D)testosterone circulation.
Q3) A statistical method for summarizing the findings of large numbers of individual studies is known as _____.
A)factor analysis
B)meta-analysis
C)gender analysis
D)qualitative analysis
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18
Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) American 5-year-old children's judgments about right and wrong:
A)have been diluted significantly by the mediA.
B)do not reflect adult judgments until adolescence.
C)are almost identical to adult judgments.
D)are more similar to those of their grandparents than their parents.
Q2) Studies that start out using indigenous personality dimensions first and then testing whether the five-factor structure still emerges _____.
A)provide a more stringent test of cultural universality than translation studies
B)provide a less stringent test of cultural universality than translation studies
C)find the five-factor model of personality in all cultures
D)replicate Raymond Cattell's taxonomy of 16 personality traits
Q3) Nisbett's cultures of honor is an example of:
A)interdependence.
B)independence.
C)evoked culture.
D)transmitted culture.
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19
Chapter 18: Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of coping strategies and styles,optimists _____,unlike pessimists.
A)believe that their behavior rarely influences outcomes in life
B)believe that life events are unstable and specific
C)overestimate risks and prepare themselves accordingly
D)make global and internal explanations for bad events
Q2) Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A people?
A)They avoid competing with others.
B)They like to work hard and achieve goals.
C)They avoid doing two things simultaneously.
D)They encourage people to talk slowly without speeding up.
Q3) In the transactional model,personality can influence:
A)coping.
B)how a person appraises an event.
C)an event.
D)All of the answers are correct.
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Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using Jeffrey Gray's theory of personality to explain antisocial personality disorder,we might hypothesize that psychopaths have a:
A)strong behavioral inhibition system (BIS).
B)weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS).
C)strong behavioral activation system (BAS).
D)weak behavioral activation system (BAS).
Q2) Which of the following is a key characteristic of dependent persons?
A)They have an excessive need to be taken care of.
B)They exhibit an excessive attention-seeking behavior.
C)They show devotion to work at the expense of leisure and friendships.
D)They give utmost importance to physical appearance.
Q3) The field of _____ psychology is the study of the various mental disorders,including thought disorders,emotional disorders,and personality disorders.
A)differential
B)abnormal
C)health
D)social
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21
Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers working in the _____ domain are especially interested in how people influence their environment and how personality influences the processes of selection,evocation,and manipulation.
A)intrapsychic
B)social and cultural
C)biological
D)cognitive/experiential
Q2) Building a foundation to understand the whole of human personality:
A)will never be possible because human personality is too complex to be understood completely.
B)can be accomplished by gaining and integrating knowledge about its many parts.
C)has been accomplished by modern personality psychologists using the latest personality research methods.
D)cannot be accomplished by modern personality psychology in the foreseeable future of science.
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