Theories of Personality Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Theories of Personality explores the major theoretical perspectives and frameworks that seek to explain the development and structure of personality. This course examines classical and contemporary approaches, including psychoanalytic, humanistic, trait, behavioral, social-cognitive, and biological models. Students will analyze how these theories account for differences in individual behavior, motivation, and emotional life, as well as their applications in clinical and everyday contexts. Emphasis is placed on critically evaluating key theorists, research evidence, and cultural considerations, fostering a comprehensive understanding of personality psychology.
Recommended Textbook Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond E. Fancher
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/362 Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6100
Sample Questions
Q1) Descartes believed that concepts such as "unity," "infinity," or "perfection," which cannot be represented by single sensory impressions,were which of the following?
A) abstractions created out of many different sensory experiences
B) innate ideas of the rational soul
C) illusions having no basis in reality
D) reverberations in nerves continuing after the cessation of sensory impressions
Answer: B
Q2) Where did Descartes localize the most important interactions between the body and the soul?
A) throughout the brain
B) throughout the body
C) in the pineal gland
D) nowhere, since they cannot interact in space
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6101
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is least consistent with Leibniz's conception of the universe?
A) It is composed of material particles in motion and their interaction with each other.
B) It is a hierarchically organized organic entity.
C) Its major features include continuity and change.
D) It is characterized by psychophysical parallelism.
Answer: A
Q2) Leibniz's conception of the mind-body relationship holding that monads do not mutually influence one another,but rather pursue independent but parallel and harmonious courses,is an example of:
A) Pantheism.
B) Interactive Dualism.
C) Psychophysical Parallelism.
D) The Psychophysical Law.
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6102
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was the major technique used by Pierre Flourens in his attempts to refute phrenological theory?
A) experimental ablations from the brains of animals
B) careful observation of brain-injured human patients
C) observation of human patients recovering from brain surgery
D) electrical stimulation of different parts of animals' brains
Answer: A
Q2) In Lashley's experiments,the two most important determinants of learning loss were the:
A) amount of brain tissue destroyed and the difficulty of the previously learned tasks.
B) location of the destroyed tissue and the age at which the learning had occurred.
C) amount of brain tissue destroyed and the location of the lesion.
D) difficulty of the task and the age at which it was first learned.
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6103
Sample Questions
Q1) Relative to Kant in his theory of visual perception,Helmholtz was more:
A) Nativist.
B) Rationalist.
C) Idealist.
D) Empiricist.
Q2) How did Helmholtz define perception?
A) the physiological process that conveys signals to the brain which results in conscious awareness
B) the process through which the senses detect visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain
C) the psychological process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain..
D) the minimum amount of difference between two senses that is necessary to tell them apart
Q3) The phi phenomenon:
A) was discovered by Kant.
B) illustrates apparent movement.
C) was studied early by Fechner.
D) both b and c above
6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6104
Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years,Wundt's theories have been recognized for their relevance to which current psychological specialty?
A) Psycholinguistics
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Intelligence testing
D) both a and b above
Q2) ___________ was an accomplished American mathematician and vision researcher who challenged Titchener's policies on his invitation-only group of Experimentalists.
A) Christine Ladd-Franklin
B) Eleanor Gibson
C) Margaret Floy Washburn
D) Dorothea Jameson
Q3) Titchener's group,known as "The Experimentalists," were notable for:
A) the unique experiments they carried out at Leipzig.
B) not allowing women to join their membership.
C) carrying out experimental tests of Wundt's Völkerpsychologie.
D) creating the "new" brand of experimental psychology in the United States.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6105
Sample Questions
Q1) A British political economist and demographer whose writings on population growth influenced Charles Darwin's development of the theory of evolution by natural selection was:
A) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
B) Thomas Malthus.
C) George Romanes.
D) Charles Lyell.
Q2) One of the purposes of Darwin's book,The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was to show:
A) that many human reactions with no obvious survival or utilitarian value today did have an adaptive purpose in the evolutionary past.
B) that animals and humans have very different emotional responses.
C) that human emotional expressions vary widely across different cultures.
D) that many human reactions with a clear adaptive purpose today had no adaptive purpose in the past.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6106
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has not been a problem in conducting a definitive study of separated identical twins?
A) finding twin pairs who were completely separated from each other at an early age
B) finding twin pairs reared randomly in environments representative of the full range of the general population
C) finding intelligence tests suitable for administration to close relatives
D) finding twin pairs who were not placed in randomly different adoptive environments
Q2) Galton justified his neurophysiological approach to intelligence testing with all of the following arguments except:
A) that mentally retarded people supposedly cannot distinguish well between hot and cold.
B) that women are supposedly both less intelligent than men, and less able to select a fine wine.
C) that large head sizes must reflect large and powerful brains within.
D) that people with quick reaction times also have large vocabularies.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
9
Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6107
Sample Questions
Q1) The finding that when certain stimulus?response sequences are followed by pleasure they are strengthened,and when followed by annoyance or pain they tend to be "stamped out" exemplifies:
A) Thorndike's Law of effect.
B) Calkins's Paired Associates relationship.
C) Hall's Law of reinforced learning.
D) The James-Lange Theory of emotion.
Q2) William James's personal crisis was resolved in part because of his reading the following philosophical work:
A) John Locke on associationism
B) Emmanuel Swedenborg on "vastations"
C) David Hume on causality
D) Charles Renouvier on free will
Q3) Which the following was not one of James's eminent students?
A) G. S. Hall
B) Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Edward Thorndike
D) James Roland Angell
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6108
Sample Questions
Q1) A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by:
A) fixed interval reinforcement.
B) fixed ratio reinforcement.
C) sudden withdrawal of reinforcement.
D) secondary reinforcement.
Q2) Which of the following ideas was enthusiastically adopted by Pavlov?
A) Descartes' conceptual separation of the body and mind
B) Flourens's conception of the harmonious action commune integrating the different parts of the brain
C) Sechenov's argument that learned behavior occurs when cortical reflexes become superimposed on lower, innate reflexes
D) all of the above
Q3) The primary conditioned stimulus employed in Watson and Rayner's production of a conditioned emotional reaction in Little Albert was:
A) the sudden restriction of his movement.
B) a white rat.
C) the loud clanging of a steel bar.
D) a Santa Claus mask.
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6109
Sample Questions
Q1) Floyd Allport made all of the following contributions to the establishment of social psychology except:
A) he completed the first PhD dissertation on an experimental social psychology topic.
B) he co-edited The Journal of Abnormal Psychology and added Social Psychology to its title and subject matter.
C) he wrote the first textbook devoted to experimental social psychology.
D) he created the first social psychology laboratory at Harvard University.
Q2) The ancient Greeks believed hysteria was caused by:
A) malingering.
B) an excess of overheated humours in the brain.
C) the wandering of the uterus to inappropriate body parts.
D) after-effects of traumatic experiences.
Q3) Le Bon recommended that crowd leaders make use of which of the following practices or attitudes to maximize their effectiveness?
A) sincerity, fervor, affirmation
B) repetition, enthusiasm, effective timing of appeals
C) affirmation, repetition, pre-placing of followers in the crowd
D) reason, sincerity, effective timing of appeals
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its
Successors
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6110
Sample Questions
Q1) Freud's attitudes and writings on women were both controversial and paradoxical because:
A) he believed that men had weaker superegos than women, but also believed that men could be better psychoanalysts than women.
B) he believed that men and women had similar innate developmental processes, but that environmental forces and culture then caused women to have weaker superegos .
C) he believed that women had stronger superegos than men but despite this he supported his daughter's wish to become a psychoanalyst.
D) he believed that women had weaker superegos than men, but also supported their entry into the profession of psychoanalysis.
Q2) After Freud had abandoned hypnosis and adopted free association in his treatment of hysterics,the new method helped him to appreciate the previously overlooked importance of:
A) unconscious motivation.
B) pathogenic ideas.
C) resistance.
D) all of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6111
Sample Questions
Q1) As a student Gordon Allport was influenced by his teacher Münsterberg's conception of psychology as:
A) a dual discipline having both an objective-causal and a subjective?purposive side.
B) a socially relevant but still behavioristic discipline.
C) a discipline that could be both clinical and experimental.
D) a discipline that could be both objective and mechanistic.
Q2) Besides personality theory,Gordon Allport made significant contributions to the study of:
A) religion and prejudice.
B) giftedness and retardation.
C) social facilitation and crowd behavior.
D) moral development.
Q3) Gordon Allport's important collaborative projects included all of the following except:
A) "A Study of Values" with Phillip Vernon.
B) the "PEN" model of personality with Hans Eysenck.
C) a survey of trait names with Henry Odbert.
D) investigations of prejudice with Thomas Pettigrew.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6112
Sample Questions
Q1) Lewis M.Terman became well known for:
A) revising the Binet-Simon Intelligence scale and researching children who were mentally retarded.
B) revising the Binet-Simon Intelligence scale and researching children who were mentally advanced.
C) revising Stern's IQ formula and researching children who were mentally retarded.
D) revising Stern's IQ formula and promoting the concept of "general intelligence."
Q2) Binet came to regard _________ as the "cholera" of psychology.
A) deception by the subjects in experiments
B) insufficient quantification of experimental results
C) insufficiently large samples of subjects
D) unintentional suggestion
Q3) As a teenager and university student,Jean Piaget's formal training was primarily in the fields of:
A) philosophy and mathematics.
B) natural science and malacology.
C) psychology and history.
D) politics and law.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6113
Sample Questions
Q1) Ulric Neisser's interest in cognitive psychology was stimulated by:
A) a childhood event that forced him to question the accuracy of his own memory.
B) his fascination with the Turing Test.
C) his conviction that computer processes would eventually be able to completely reproduce most human cognitive processes.
D) all of the above
Q2) "Pandemonium" was:
A) an early example of a computer program that could perform parallel processing and "learn."
B) the annoying computer "noise" that occurred when too much information was being processed at one time.
C) a computer program that analyzed information about pandemics.
D) a computer program that worked similarly to a Turing machine.
Q3) Neisser's approach to memory research adopted which of the following characteristics in response to James and Eleanor Gibson's "ecological" psychology?
A) a nativist approach
B) an empiricist approach
C) a concern for the environment
D) a focus on real events and natural settings
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/6114
Sample Questions
Q1) Witmer's Clinical Method consisted of:
A) using motion studies to better understand worker stress and fatigue.
B) doing psychotherapy on patients suffering from emotional and psychological distress.
C) examining the mental and physical abilities of children with behavioral and learning difficulties, in consultation with other professionals.
D) doing personality tests to discover the characteristics of workers and children with special needs.
Q2) "Psychotechnics" refers to:
A) a technique Münsterberg used to detect lying in court cases.
B) the application of psychology to business and industry.
C) a technique used in creating motion studies.
D) Harry Hollingworth's technique used in the Coca Cola studies.
Q3) Hugo Münsterberg was a well-known proponent of applied psychology,but he opposed:
A) psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) intentional and conscious forgetting in therapy.
D) psychotechnics.
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.