Theories of Crime Test Bank
Course Introduction
Theories of Crime explores a range of perspectives and explanations for criminal behavior, critically examining the social, psychological, biological, and economic factors that influence why individuals and groups commit crimes. The course covers foundational criminological theories such as classical, positivist, strain, control, labeling, and critical theories, emphasizing the historical development of each and their relevance to contemporary issues in crime and justice. Students will analyze empirical research, apply theory to case studies, and assess the effectiveness of theoretical frameworks in developing criminal justice policies and practices. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the course encourages critical thinking about societal responses to crime and the ongoing evolution of criminological thought.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology The Essentials 3rd Edition by Anthony Walsh
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
1248 Verified Questions
1248 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2226
Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of Crime and Criminology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44238
Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly explain the difference between socially harmful acts and private wrongs.
Answer: Socially harmful acts are acts deemed to be in need of regulation, but not by the criminal law except under exceptional circumstance.Private wrongs are socially harmful, but not sufficiently so to require the heavy hand of the criminal law.
Q2) Provide two examples of acts that would be considered mala prohibita.
Answer: prostitution, drug dealing
Q3) The emotional pain and suffering experienced by crime victims is easy to quantify.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) According to Thomas Sowell's typology, those who have a/an ______ believe that human activities are restricted by an innate human nature that is self-centered and largely unalterable.
A)classical vision
B)constrained vision
C)phrenological vision
D)unconstrained vision
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44239
Sample Questions
Q1) A criminologist wants to learn about the rates of truancy and smoking among adolescents.To do this, he or she would be best served by referencing which of the following sources?
A)UCR
B)NCVS
C)NIBRS
D)self-report surveys
Answer: D
Q2) Because NCVS only surveys households, crimes committed against commercial establishments are not included.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) NCVS stands for National Crime Victimization Survey.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Identify one strength of the NCVS.
Answer: It allows us to access information on crimes that have not been reported to the police.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44240
Sample Questions
Q1) Human trafficking
A)is often considered to be a modern form of slavery
B)is the illegal trade in human beings through abduction, the use or threat of force, deception, and fraud for sale for the purposes of sexual exploitation or forced labor
C)is almost invariably sourced by third-world poor countries with corrupt law enforcement and lacking in employment opportunities
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) Risk of victimization drops significantly after the age of ______.
A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35
Answer: C
Q3) Children are at a greater risk for maltreatment when not raised by both biological parents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: The Early Schools of Criminology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44241
Sample Questions
Q1) Define free will.
Q2) Specific deterrence refers to the preventive effect of the threat of punishment on the general population.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is meant by utility?
Q4) For a risk taker engaged in crime, magnitude of punishment is more important than certainty of punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Rational choice theory is most closely linked to the ______ school.
A)classical
B)German
C)Italian
D)positivist
Q6) Jeremy Bentham coined the term "criminaloid" to refer to born criminals.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Define hedonism.
Q8) Briefly describe cartographic criminology.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and
Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44242
Sample Questions
Q1) Hume considered our species to be Homo emovere or "emoting man" rather than Homo sapiens or "wise man."
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to routine activities theory, what are the three components that combine for crime to occur?
Q3) Victimization is more prevalent in affluent areas as compared with poor disorganized communities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cultural criminologists view emotions as a fleeting perception, not a permanent fixture of many criminals' mental lives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Capable guardians can only be persons, not things.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Give two examples of <i>wertrationalitat.</i>
Q7) What is choice structuring?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Social Structural Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44243
Sample Questions
Q1) Define short-run hedonism.
Q2) Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?
A)life course
B)social ecology
C)social process
D)subculture
Q3) Which of the following is one of the variables that social disorganization theory specifies as influencing a community's capacity to develop and maintain strong systems of social relationships?
A)ethnic diversity
B)family disruption
C)population size or density
D)all of these
Q4) According to Cohen, difficulty adjusting to middle-class measuring rods can lead to
A)status frustration
B)focal concerns
C)short-run hedonism
D)modes of adaptation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Social Process Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44244
Sample Questions
Q1) ______ argues that individual behavior is shaped through the process of reinforcement and punishment.
A)differential association theory
B)self-control theory
C)social learning theory
D)social bonding theory
Q2) ______ refers to the acceptance of social norms regulating conduct.
A)attachment
B)commitment
C)involvement
D)belief
Q3) Identify one criticism of differential association theory.
Q4) Identify one possible policy implication of differential association theory.
Q5) The policy implications derivable from social control and self-control theories largely have to do with the family.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Identify and briefly explain two out of the four social bonds identified by Hirschi.
Q7) Provide an example of positive and negative reinforcements.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Critical and Feminist Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44245
Sample Questions
Q1) Marx and Engels's statement that crime was simply the product of unjust and alienating social conditions came to be known as the ______ hypothesis.
A)primitive rebellion
B)proletariat rebellion
C)primitive revolution
D)proletariat revolution
Q2) ______ focused on social life as a continual struggle to maintain or improve one's group interests, with interest groups continually forming and disbanding as conflicts arise and are resolved.
A)Barbara Sims
B)George Vold
C)Karl Marx
D)Willem Bonger
Q3) Discuss the primary components of Marxism and the process of revolution according to Karl Marx.What are the three classes in society? How does alienation relate to Marxism and revolution?
Q4) Gender (being male) is the single best predictor of criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44246
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between the ANS and socialization?
Q2) Define and discuss the traits associated with criminal behavior.Which traits are positively associated with offending? Which traits are negatively associated with offending?
Q3) Discuss the key components of neurobiological theory and social learning theory in regard to psychopathy.How do they view the cause of psychopathy differently?
Q4) Psychosocial theories are more interested in individual differences in the propensity to commit a crime than in environmental conditions that may push a person into committing it.
A)True B)False
Q5) Describe the relationship between crime and IQ.What does the research show regarding this relationship? Why is this topic controversial?
Q6) Discuss the connection between neurological arousal and crime.What is the reticular activating system (RAS)? What are augmenters and reducers?
Q7) Explain Freud's theory of personality.What are the id, ego, and superego/? How do they relate to each other?
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Biosocial Approaches
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44247
Sample Questions
Q1) The behavior inhibition system is associated with the neurotransmitter ______.
A)androgen
B)dopamine
C)MAO
D)serotonin
Q2) The idea that individuals seek and find their niche in society as they grow into adulthood is indicative of which type of G/E correlation?
A)active
B)evocative
C)immediate
D)passive
Q3) Genetic effects on antisocial behavior are most likely to be found among
A)children
B)teenagers
C)chronic offenders
D)adolescent-limited offenders
Q4) Individuals who have a dominant BIS are at a greater risk for criminality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly define behavior genetics.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to
Crime to Desistance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44248
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Sampson and Laub, ______is the purposeful execution of choice and individual will.
A)human agency
B)social capital
C)turning points
D)hedonism
Q2) The age-crime curve is a pattern of offending characterized by low delinquency in adolescence with a steady increase in criminal behavior throughout adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are adolescent-limited (AL) offenders?
Q4) A valid critique of age-graded developmental theory is that it fails to consider the reasons that offenders ultimately desist from crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define and discuss risk factors and protective factors of antisocial behavior.What is ADHD? What is conduct disorder? How are they related?
Q6) What is a risk factor?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Crimes of Violence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44249
Sample Questions
Q1) Johnny fails to repair a tire that he knows is defective.One day, while driving down the highway, the tire blows out, causing the car to veer into another and killing the driver of that other vehicle.Johnny could be charged with which of the following?
A)aggravated murder
B)voluntary manslaughter
C)involuntary manslaughter
D)negligent manslaughter
Q2) Common law murder in the first degree was an act committed with A)malice and forethought
B)deliberation
C)premeditation
D)all of these
Q3) What are two of the reasons why homicide has decreased since the 1990s?
Q4) When it comes to the public's fear of crime, rape is consistently identified as the crime they fear most.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Offenders who begin a carjacking with verbal threats typically rely on ______ to reinforce their words.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Terrorism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44250
Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest known terrorist group was
A)al-Qaeda
B)Hizballah
C)Ismailis
D)Sicarrii
Q2) Though Americans see terrorism as a "foreign thing," between 2009 and 2010 there were ______ citizens or legal residents indicted and arrested in America or overseas for Islamic terrorist acts.
A)14
B)63
C)108
D)155
Q3) The September 11th attack in the United States was the deadliest terrorist attack in history.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define and describe "terrorism" as a category of crime.What distinguishes terrorism from other forms of violence?
Q5) What are some reasons that terrorism is easier to accomplish today?
Q6) Briefly describe the relationship between terrorism and common crime.
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Property Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44251
Sample Questions
Q1) Burglary has a lower clearance rate than robbery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many burglars actually give up legitimate jobs in order to concentrate on burglary.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An offender overloads a gambling website with bogus messages and useless data, preventing it from doing further business until a ransom is paid.The crime in this case is best described as
A)a denial of service attack
B)identity theft
C)phishing
D)piracy
Q4) Female burglars
A)are much more prevalent than male burglars
B)are so uncommon that no statistics are available
C)overwhelmingly commit burglary with males
D)none of these
Q5) Describe the "salami technique."
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Public Order Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44252
Sample Questions
Q1) Throughout history, prostitution has always had a strong negative social stigma associated with it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is a hierarchy among American prostitutes, with elite escorts having the potential to earn far more money per client than streetwalkers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Coca-Cola used to be made with the same ingredient from which cocaine is derived.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most drug use by adolescents will eventually develop into addiction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a stimulant?
Q6) What were considered the benefits of taxing and legalizing prostitution in ancient Athens?
Q7) Fully describe the three ways that drugs are believed to contribute to violence.
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: White-Collar Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44253
Sample Questions
Q1) Research has shown that business majors possess lower levels of ______ than those who pursue other legitimate careers.
A)intelligence
B)morals and ethics
C)self-control
D)socioeconomic standing
Q2) What is occupational crime?
Q3) Plato's allegory about the gift of invisibility and human self-interest involves
A)the one ring
B)the ring of Gyges
C)the cloak of truth
D)the Golden Fleece
Q4) The Enron scandal is one example of ______ crime.
A)corporate
B)occupational
C)organizational
D)professional occupational
Q5) What is corporate crime?
Q6) What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
Q7) Discuss Walters and Geyer's (2004) findings and the limitations of their study.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Organized Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44254
Sample Questions
Q1) The Russian "Mafiya" is considered to be the most serious organized crime threat in the world today.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the link between political corruption and organized crime.
Q3) The ______ of La Cosa Nostra is groomed for succession to the top position.
A)Counselor
B)Don
C)Soldier
D)Underboss
Q4) All of the following are considered events that affirmed the existence of organized crime EXCEPT
A)organized
B)LCN
C)committee
D)commission
Q5) The lower the rule of law in a country the lower the level of organized crime.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is La Cosa Nostra like a mature corporation?
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.