Theories of Crime Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the major theories and perspectives that have shaped criminological thought from the classical era to the present day. Students will critically examine explanations for criminal behavior, including biological, psychological, sociological, and cultural theories. The course emphasizes the historical development of these ideas, the empirical evidence supporting or challenging them, and their relevance to contemporary issues in crime and criminal justice policy. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of each theoretical framework, students will gain a foundational understanding of why crime occurs and how society responds to it.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 6th Edition by Frank J. Schmalleger
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14 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Criminology
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50 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is referred to as the dean of American criminology.
Answer: Edwin Sutherland
Q2) Because crime is a social event,it can have more than one interpretation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The legalistic perspective of crime can be defined as human conduct in violation of criminal laws of the state,the federal government,or a local jurisdiction that has power to make such laws.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Laws are social products.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) What are the two contrasting viewpoints on which the book is built?
Answer: Answers should explain the two contrasting perspectives now popular in American society: social problems perspective and the individual responsibility perspective.
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Chapter 2: Where Do Theories Come From
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keeping data confidential is an issue of _______ in social science research. Answer: ethics
Q2) Participating as an observer is always an example of ethical research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) External validity is the ability to generalize research findings to other settings. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Name the three eras of criminology and discuss how they have influenced the current field of criminology today.
Answer: Answers should define the three eras of criminology based on the textbook: the golden age of research (1900-1930),the golden age of theory (1930-1960),and the age of theory testing and empirical methods (1960-2000).Criminology has moved into the scientific or evidence-based criminology that we see today,building off of the previous ears.
Q5) Creating a _________ helps scientists develop and test a theory. Answer: hypothesis
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Chapter 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an example of mala prohibita?
A)marijuana use
B)prostitution
C)rape
D)gambling
Answer: C
Q2) Natural law can be used to explain why all men,despite their racial background,should be treated equal under the law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Explain Beccaria's philosophy of punishment and provide modern-day examples.
Answer: Answers should define Beccaria's philosophy of punishment according to the textbook as one of deterrence rather than retribution,and punishment should be opposed to offenders who commit additional crimes.Answers may explain the importance of a swift punishment when made.Modern-day examples will vary but should emphasize examples of immediate punishment to repeat offenders or examples of deterrence.
Q4) A time-honored custom is called a _________.
Answer: folkway
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Chapter 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is believed to have a biological influence on criminal behavior according to research?
A)low cortisol levels
B)lack of education
C)low testosterone levels
D)the weather
Q2) The concept of life course persisters is an example of social theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________ such as testosterone are studied in their link to criminal behavior.
Q4) Research has found significant statistical support for genetic _________ of criminal tendencies.
Q5) Gall was the one of the first Western writers to locate the roots of the personality in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Many believe that biological theories of crime are actually theories of criminality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Psychology and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior
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54 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the attempt to categorize,understand,and predict the behavior of certain types of offenders based on behavioral clues.
A)psychological profiling
B)psychological theory
C)sociopath
D)Attachment Theory
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the four types of self-control?
A)impulse control
B)control over emotions and moods
C)deviant control
D)control over performance
Q3) ________ psychology,which includes forensic psychology,is concerned with the diagnoses and treatment of offenders.
A)correctional
B)deviant
C)behavioral
D)Freudian
Q4) _________ is a psychological principle that holds that the frequency of any behavior can be increased or decreased through reward and punishment.
7
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) A social life is an ongoing interaction between society and the persons in society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Having a lack of ________ is an example of social process theories.
A)marketable skills
B)disorganization
C)self-control
D)poverty
Q3) Which of the following is not typically examined in social structure theories?
A)economic opportunity
B)social status
C)subculture values
D)psychological perspectives
Q4) Sociological theory focuses on the nature of the ______ of relationships that exist between social groups.
A)power
B)education
C)communication
D)criminality
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Chapter 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degree of positive relationships with others and with social institutions built up over an individual's lifetime is called social capital.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theory states that it is a combination of both internal and external factors that contribute to law-abiding behavior?
A)social learning theory
B)containment theory
C)social control theory
D)labeling theory
Q3) _______ perspective helps us look at criminal behavior throughout a lifetime.
Q4) Deviant behavior is learned according to the principles of operant conditioning in the differential association theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Strengthening conformity is a policy implication of social process theories. A)True B)False
Q6) A ________ commits crimes throughout his or her life.
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Chapter 8: Social Conflict Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the __________________,a multiplicity of values and beliefs exist in a given society,but most members of a society recognize that law is a useful means of dispute resolution.
Q2) Radical criminologies today can be divided into two schools,which are as follows:
A)Soviet Marxism and Instrumental Marxism
B)Instrumental Marxism and Structural Marxism
C)Postcolonial Marxism and Critical Marxism
D)Feminist Marxism and Radical Marxism
Q3) The idea that those in power are inevitably interested in maintaining their power against those who would usurp it is a tenet of the consensus perspective.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the major criticisms of radical-critical criminology.
Q5) What primary argument did Chambliss and Seidman present in their 1971 volume entitled Law,Order,and Power?
Q6) ________________________ is a contemporary social theorist whose major work describes the various analytical perspectives on social organization.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Crimes Against Persons
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Sample Questions
Q1) The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by which of the following federal agencies?
A)the Department of State
B)the Bureau of Justice Statistics
C)the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)the Central Intelligence Agency
Q2) Serial murder has reached epidemic proportions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Statutes known as ________________ seek to protect sexual assault victims by ensuring that defendants do not introduce irrelevant facts about victims' sexual history into evidence.
Q4) As resources supporting nonviolent exit from a relationship increase,rates of intimate-partner homicide also increase.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The illegal killing of four or more victims at one event is ________________.
Q6) Almost all pedophiles are male.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Crimes Against Property
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Sample Questions
Q1) Burglary is the most frequent offense on college campuses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research conducted about theft on college campuses indicates college students who do not participate in "unhealthy" lifestyles are less likely to be victims of larceny.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gang members tend to use a _____ -style of offending,which means they may participate in petty theft,assault,or a number of other crimes when opportunities arise.
Q4) When disposing of stolen goods,burglars avoid pawnshops due to strict regulations requiring identification of those selling items.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss three reasons why a residence may be targeted by a burglar.
Q6) Stealing from retail businesses is a form of larceny known as _____.
Q7) Explain the concept of gateway offense.Why would shoplifting be considered a gateway offense?
Q8) People who shoplift on a _____ level are called boosters.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the organized crime code known as Omertà.
Q2) Define the five types of activities that may qualify as organized crime
Q3) In the 1990s,low interest rates lead to sham _____ operations.
Q4) How do Hirschi and Gottfredson explain the motivations of white-collar criminals?
A)White-collar criminals are motivated by the ease of white-collar crime.
B)White-collar criminals are motivated by the same forces that drive other criminals.
C)The motivations of white-collar criminals have little to do with personal gain.
D)The motivations of white-collar criminals are to fit in with corporate culture.
Q5) What is it called when a company replaces a focus on profits with a focus that integrates financial,environmental,and social considerations in its performance and assessments?
A)triple bottom line
B)ethical reform
C)structural reform
D)social consciousness
Q6) The Exxon Valdez disaster was an example of _____crime.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Public Order and Drug Crimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inhalants are easily accessible because few are subject to _____control.
Q2) Which of the following drugs is considered a psychotherapeutic?
A)marijuana
B)tranquilizers
C)heroin
D)inhalants
Q3) It is possible to identify the geographic source of heroin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which illegal drug in the U.S.commonly originates in South America,especially Bolivia,Columbia,and Peru?
A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)opium
Q5) How many tons of cocaine is seized annually in the U.S.?
A)nearly 500 tons
B)about 140 tons
C)around 20 tons
D)over 280 tons
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Technology and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The world's largest computer network is
A)cyberspace.
B)the Web.
C)the Internet.
D)hyperspace.
Q2) Web sites are immune to use for criminal activity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast phone phreaking with phishing.
Q4) What is TEMPEST?
A)an international computer security consortium
B)an anti-theft software program
C)a security standard developed by the U.S.military
D)a protocol for handling data securely
Q5) Cybercrime could potentially lead to personal injury.
A)True
B)False
Q6) When investigators use biological residue found at a crime scene for genetic comparison to aid in identifying criminal suspects,they are using ________.
Q7) Computer viruses,worms,and spyware are examples of ________.
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Chapter 14: Globalization and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What concern did the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)have with the USA PATRIOT Act?
A)insufficient attention to the support needed to counter terrorism
B)stereotyping of Muslim Americans and other minority groups
C)increase of power in the executive branch of the federal government
D)loss of constitutional rights of individuals in the criminal justice system
Q2) INTERPOL and ________ are the only international organizations that regularly collect crime statistics from a large number of countries.
A)the United Nations (UN)
B)the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C)the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
D)the State Department
Q3) The decline in crime in the United States in the 1990s was unique in the western hemisphere.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the conclusions of the follow-up Hart-Rudman report.
Q5) The U.S.is largely immune to the effects of transnational crime.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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