Theories of Crime and Deviance Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the major theoretical perspectives that seek to explain crime and deviant behavior within society. Students will explore classical, biological, psychological, and sociological theories, tracing the historical development and contemporary relevance of each approach. Emphasis is placed on understanding how these theories interpret the causes of criminality and deviance, their implications for policy and practice, and their critiques. Through analysis of empirical research and real-world examples, the course also investigates the impact of social structures, cultural norms, and power relations on the definition and control of deviance.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology A Sociological Understanding 6th Edition by Steve E. Barkan
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
986 Verified Questions
986 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/681 Page 2
Chapter 1: Criminology and the Sociological Perspective
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13083
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes vertical social structure?
A) It is how society ranks different groups of people.
B) It is the basis of understanding the biological workings of the brain.
C) It is rooted in psychological theory.
D) It is the social and physical characteristics of communities and the networks of social relationships to which an individual belongs.
Answer: A
Q2) Crime is solely an individual problem.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) _____ stressed that social forces influence our behavior and attitudes.
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Cesare Beccaria
C) Adam Smith
D) Sigmund Freud
Answer: A
Q4) _____ social structure refers to how a society ranks different groups of people.
Answer: vertical
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Public Opinion, the News Media, and the Crime Problem
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13084
Sample Questions
Q1) _____ factors include such elements as the level of social integration.
Answer: structural
Q2) 1.5 to 2.5 million _____ are reported missing each year.
Answer: children
Q3) The media tends to overdramatize crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which of the following helps explain a higher fear of crime among African-Americans and Latinos?
A) African-Americans and Latinos are more likely to live in large cities.
B) Whites are more likely to install security systems.
C) African-Americans and Latinos are more likely to live in rural areas.
D) Whites are less likely to go out at night.
Answer: A
Q5) The media overreports on white-collar crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Measurement and Patterning of Criminal Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13085
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a recognized critique of the UCR?
A) It overemphasizes white-collar offenses such as insider trading.
B) The FBI lacks the resources to compile and distribute the data.
C) It seriously underestimates the number of crimes committed each year.
D) It is biased against the upper-middle class.
Answer: C
Q2) Property crime peaks during the _____ months.
Answer: summer
Q3) Which of the following is a Part II offense?
A) Murder
B) Aggravated Assault
C) Motor Vehicle Theft
D) Driving Under the Influence
Answer: D
Q4) Which of the following will eventually replace the UCR?
A) NCVS
B) NIBRS
C) IOCP
D) CCCP
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Victims and Victimization
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13086
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individual traits may lead some people to engage in risky behavior?
A) Low self-control
B) High blood pressure
C) High IG
D) Low testosterone
Q2) Most victims who have money or property stolen from them will recover it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following areas have the highest victimization rates?
A) Urban
B) Suburban
C) Rural
D) All of the areas have the same rates.
Q4) Victims of _____ crime remain a prime subject for social science research and for government action.
Q5) Self-reports accumulate data by asking individual police officers to report crime.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Classical and Neoclassical Perspectives
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13087
Sample Questions
Q1) Why was Joan of Arc burned at the stake?
A) She was convicted of murder.
B) She refused to recognize the king of France.
C) She converted from Christianity to Islam.
D) She was thought to be a witch.
Q2) _____ offenses are those committed for emotional reasons and with little or no planning.
Q3) Positivism stresses free will as the main reason for criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) "Three Strikes" laws reflect a sociological approach to combatting crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ deterrence refers to the effect of increasing the severity,certainty,and/or swiftness of legal punishment.
Q6) Would you regard "three-strike" laws to be successful?
Q7) People only commit crime for financial reward.
A)True
B)False
Q8) What are the different types of deterrence?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Biological and Psychological Explanations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13088
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud,the _____ drives our basics desires according to Freud.
Q2) It has been definitively proven that abortion reduces crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) XYY is a means of measuring brain activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cesare Lombroso considered criminals ____ or "throwbacks" to an earlier age of evolution.
A) avatars
B) atavists
C) artisans
D) alabasters
Q5) Relatively new technologies,such as positron emission tomography (PET)and _____,have enabled scientists to study the brain as never before.
A) psychological genetic hematology (PGH)
B) ionic resonance schematics (IRS)
C) geometric profiling systems (GPS)
D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Q6) _____ are athletic and muscular and tend to be aggressive.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13089
Sample Questions
Q1) What is Anderson's code of the street? What is its central feature?
Q2) Explain the basis of Miller's focal concerns.Which concern does he suggest is the most important?
Q3) Having not been raised with values such as courtesy and Difficult-work,lower-class boys do poorly in school and experience _____,or strain.
A) institutional anomie
B) social structure
C) status frustration
D) cultural disintegration
Q4) To help command respect,Anderson contends:
A) young urban men often adopt a certain "look" involving the way they dress, move, and talk.
B) young urban females see pregnancy as a legitimate means to economic success.
C) young urban females will often mimic male behavior including engaging in violence.
D) young urban males will avoid encounters with police or the courts.
Q5) Does your hometown have a "concentric zone"? What are some of the physical characteristics of that area?
Page 9
Q6) Shaw and McKay studied delinquency rates in the city of _____.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Process
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13090
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a neutralization technique?
A) Denial of hope
B) Denial of truth
C) Denial of participation
D) Denial of responsibility
Q2) Which of the following best summarizes differential reinforcement?
A) Some individuals' antisocial behavior is serious and persists adolescence-limited through the life course.
B) Inner containments (e.g., a positive self-concept and tolerance for frustration) and outer containments (e.g., family influences) help prevent juvenile offending.
C) Criminal behavior and attitudes are more likely to be learned if they are rewarded by friends and/or family.
D) People pursue criminal behavior to the extent they identify with members of reference groups who engage in criminal behavior.
Q3) Techniques of and attitudes regarding criminal behavior are _____ within intimate personal groups.
Q4) Family _____ refers to the way the family is set up or organized.
Q5) How do we utilize "neutralization" as a means of justifying criminal behavior?
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Sociological Theories: Critical Perspectives
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13091
Sample Questions
Q1) Restorative justice has been tried in some areas of the United States and in Australia,Canada and Japan.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following would Marx consider bourgeoisie?
A) A factory owner
B) A factory worker
C) A small business owner
D) A convicted criminal
Q3) Have you or someone you know been labeled? Someone you know? What effect did that labeling have?
Q4) In a self-fulfilling prophecy,the social-psychological and practical consequences of official labeling thus lead to deviance amplification.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Japanese are much less likely than Americans to think criminals can change for the better.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Violent Crime: Homicide, Assault, and Robbery
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13092
Sample Questions
Q1) In 2011,firearms accounted for slightly more than two-thirds of all homicides,with handguns accounting for _____ percent.
A) 10
B) 22
C) 49
D) 67
Q2) Law enforcement officers,security guards,and _____ experience the highest rates of nonfatal workplace violence.
A) professors
B) bartenders
C) firefighters
D) postal workers
Q3) The United States has the lowest homicide rate among Western countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the country of _____,a legislator,nicknamed the "chain saw congressman," had been elected to Congress even though he allegedly arranged for a political foe to be murdered with a chain saw.
Q5) Most involuntary manslaughter cases are the result of _____ fatalities.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Violence Against Women
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13093
Sample Questions
Q1) Put most simply,_____ may be defined as sexual intercourse (vaginal,anal,or oral penetration)without the consent of the victim.
A) rape
B) sexual assault
C) simple assault
D) pornography
Q2) Another study of college students focused just on _____,a specific form of stalking involving electronic devices and/or the use of social media and other aspects of the Internet.
A) satellite stalking
B) high-tech stalking
C) electrical stalking
D) cyber-stalking
Q3) Anthropological evidence supports the view that _____ helps to explain violence against women.
A) tribal equality
B) gender inequality
C) rational choice
D) chemical imbalances
Q4) Identify and describe any two common rape myths.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Property Crime and Fraud
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13094
Sample Questions
Q1) Most burglarized structures are homes and businesses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rationalizations play an important role in fencing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is helping to drive motor vehicle theft south of the border?
A) The frequent shiploads of goods between the US and Colombia
B) The rise of drug trafficking from Mexico and other nations south of the border into the United States
C) The rise of Mexico's economy, which has surpassed the Unites States in total gross domestic product (GDP) for older American made cars
D) Law enforcement taking pay cuts by the Mexican government, making it less likely to get arrested
Q4) When crime occurs on the internet it is known as ______.
Q5) Identify the different types of burglars and what factors separate them from one another.
Q6) The Uniform Crime Report is compiled by the _____.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: White-collar and Organized Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13095
Sample Questions
Q1) Embezzlement involves the theft of cash and the misappropriation or misuse of funds.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is very little fraud in the health care industry,less than $1 million per year.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Have you ever been guilty of pilferage? How did you justify your "corporate crime?"
Q4) Auto repair fraud consists of overcharging for repairs and unnecessary or faulty repairs.This type of business fraud costs more than an estimated _____ annually.
A) $1 million
B) $4 million
C) $3 billion
D) $20 billion
Q5) Organized crime members in Japan are called the _____.
Q6) _____ created the term white-collar crime to describe crime committed by and within corporations.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: Political Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13096
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the social patterning of political crime in the United States.
Q2) Crime by government aims to change the existing order and includes terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Crime by government is also called _____.
A) national-crime
B) state-crime
C) county-crime
D) UN-crime
Q4) Crime by _____ is also called state-crime.
Q5) Would you consider the targeting of conservative political groups by the IRS and other agencies to be a form of state terrorism?
Q6) The Nazis committed _____ against the Jews when they attempted extermination.
Q7) Stalin's reign of terror involved many _____ trials that depicted his opponents as dangerous threats to law and order.
Q8) Explain treason.
Q9) Like white-collar crime,political crime is an ambiguous term.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Consensual Crime
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13097
Sample Questions
Q1) Coffee,soda and chocolate all contain the legal drug _____.
Q2) To the extent that illegal drugs are connected to crime,:
A) the connection results primarily from cultural acceptance of drug use.
B) the connection results primarily from illegal immigration.
C) the connection results primarily from drug legalization.
D) the connection results primarily from laws against these drugs.
Q3) Which of the following could be considered a victimless crime?
A) Arson
B) Prostitution
C) Homicide
D) Theft
Q4) Drug use was very common in the United States in the late _____ century. Dozens of over-the-counter products containing opium, and its derivatives (such as morphine) were used across the country by people with headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, sleeplessness, depression, and other problems.
A) 14<sup>th</sup>
B) 22<sup>nd</sup>
C) 3<sup>rd</sup>
D) 19<sup>th</sup>
Q5) _____ is on the rise,as is evident by the number of new American-Indian casinos.
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Policing: Dilemmas of Crime Control in a Democratic Society
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13098
Sample Questions
Q1) Although women's gender may protect them from police beatings,it subjects them to _____.Such violence includes rape and other sexual assaults and unnecessary strip searches and body cavity searches by male officers.
A) police erotic encounters (PEE)
B) law enforcement rape (LER)
C) law enforcement incest (LEI)
D) police sexual violence (PSV)
Q2) Less than 50% of all police are people of color.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Assume you have just been appointed chief of your hometown.What steps might you take to combat police sexual violence (PSV)?
Q4) Police killings of civilians are also less common in police departments in which: A) police are not issued guns.
B) administrators set clear limits on police use of force.
C) police officers are encouraged to intimidate suspects before violence occurs.
D) police institute programs such as D.A.R.E.
Q5) "The right to remain silent" is a recognizable part of the _____ warning.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Prosecution and Punishment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13099
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following remains one of the most controversial topics in criminal justice?
A) The death penalty
B) Juvenile probation
C) Women's correctional facilities
D) Medium security prisons
Q2) The lynching of African-American in the South decreased dramatically immediately after the Civil War.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The United States has long been said to have an adversary system of criminal justice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When deviance occurs,which type of societies engage in repressive law marked by harsh physical punishment of deviants?
A) Large, modern societies
B) Early, aboriginal societies
C) Small, traditional societies
D) Collective, heterogeneous societies
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 18: Conclusion: How Can We Reduce Crime?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/13100
Sample Questions
Q1) A growing amount of evidence indicates that community policing and _____ may reduce crime and that community policing reduces fear of crime and may help lessen the incivilities of urban neighborhoods.
A) racial profiling in high-crime areas
B) prevention programs such as D.A.R.E.
C) directed police activity in crime hot spots
D) aggressive arrest tactics directed at minority males
Q2) The criminal justice system operates like a funnel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Racial segregation in housing remains extensive and has serious consequences for African-Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the secondary forms of prevention do you think would be most effective?
Q5) What effect does the funnel effect have on reducing crime?
Q6) Unemployment lines indicate a social problem.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Q7) Which of the primary forms of prevention do you think would be most effective?