Telecommunications
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and technologies underpinning modern telecommunications. Students will explore topics such as analog and digital signal transmission, modulation techniques, communication protocols, networking architectures, and the operation of key components like switches, routers, and multiplexers. Emphasis is placed on both wired and wireless communication systems, including the evolution of cellular networks and the Internet. Practical applications, regulatory considerations, and emerging trends in telecommunications, such as optical fiber and satellite communications, will also be discussed to prepare students for advanced study or careers in the field.
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Data and Computer Communications 10th Edition by William Stallings
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Data Communications, data Networks,
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Q1) The need to make efficient use of transmission facilities that are typically shared among a number of communicating devices is referred to as ________.
Answer: transmission system utilization
Q2) A ________ is a physical facility that provides the infrastructure to move data between connected networks.
A)ATM
B)FDDI
C)NAP
D)NSP
Answer: C
Q3) The rapid conversion of consumer electronics to digital technology is having an impact on both the Internet and corporate intranets.Two examples of this trend are
A)server farms and DVDs
B)power workgroups and server farms
C)DVDs and CD-ROMs
D)digital versatile disks and digital still cameras
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Protocol Architecture, tcpip, and
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Q1) Procedures needed to allow data to traverse multiple interconnected networks is found in the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol architecture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An example of ________ traffic is real time traffic such as voice and video.
A)delay variation
B)elastic
C)multimedia information
D)inelastic
Answer: D
Q3) Each application on a computer has an address that is unique within that computer known as ________ or ports that allow the transport layer to support multiple applications at each computer.
Answer: Service Access Points (SAPs)
Q4) In the TCP/IP architecture constituent networks are referred to as ________. Answer: subnetworks
Q5) The standard network management protocol for TCP/IP networks is ________.
Answer: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Chapter 3: Data Transmission
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Q1) A technique known as ________ is used to provide a flicker free image without increasing the bandwidth requirement.
Answer: interlacing
Q2) ________ noise is due to thermal agitation of electrons.It is present in all electronic devices and transmission media and is a function of temperature.
Answer: Thermal
Q3) Because of delay distortion some of the signal components of one bit position will spill over into other bit positions causing ________ interference,which is a major limitation to maximum bit rate over a transmission channel.
Answer: intersymbol
Q4) A digital signal is one in which the signal intensity maintains a constant level for some period of time and then abruptly changes to another constant level.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Thermal noise is also referred to as ________ noise.
Answer: white
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Chapter 4: Transmission Media
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Q1) The characteristics and quality of a data transmission are determined both by the characteristics of the medium and the characteristics of the signal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When using optical fiber,the term ________ refers to the change in direction of light rays after they strike small particles or impurities in the medium.
A)relay
B)scattering
C)parabola
D)directrix
Q3) The two different types of light source used in fiber optic systems are the ________.
A)single mode and the multimode
B)LID and the DEL
C)TIR and the GIM
D)light-emitting diode and the injection laser diode
Q4) A form of attenuation known as ________ is when a transmitted signal attenuates over distance because the signal is being spread over a larger and larger area.
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6
Chapter 5: Signal Encoding Techniques
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Q1) The biphase codes are known as self-clocking codes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A popular analog signaling technique that is used in the asymmetric digital subscriber line is ________ modulation.
Q3) There are two important parameters in a delta modulation scheme: the size of the step assigned to each binary digit and the ________ rate.
Q4) In ________,the two binary values are represented by two different amplitudes of the carrier frequency.Commonly,one of the amplitudes is zero.One binary digit is represented by the presence,at constant amplitude,of the carrier,the other by the absence of the carrier.
A)amplitude shift keying
B)phase shift keying
C)frequency shift keying
D)high density bipolar-3 zeros
Q5) A digital signal is a sequence of discrete,discontinuous voltage pulses.
A)True
B)False
Q6) NRZI is an example of ________ encoding.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Error Detection and Correction
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Q1) Burst errors can be caused by impulse noise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In ________ transmission each block of data is formatted as a frame that includes a starting and an ending flag.
A)parallel
B)asynchronous
C)analog
D)synchronous
Q3) The ratio of data bits to total bits is called the code rate .
A)True
B)False
Q4) In an ??????__________ ,there is a cluster of bits in which a number of errors occur,although not necessarily all of the bits in the cluster suffer an error.
Q5) Forward error correction schemes are frequently used in __________ transmission, where retransmission schemes are highly inefficient and error rates may be high.
Q6) A way of viewing the CRC process is to express all values as ________ in a dummy variable X with binary coefficients.
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Chapter 7: Data Link Control Protocols
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Q1) The ________ time is the time it takes for a bit to traverse the link between source and destination.
A)relay
B)flow
C)transmission
D)propagation
Q2) Selective reject is a useful choice for a satellite link because of the long propagation delay involved.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If two stations exchange data each needs to maintain two windows,one for transmit and one for receive,and each side needs to send the data and acknowledgments to the other.To provide efficient support for this requirement a feature known as ________ is typically provided.
Q4) Transmission time is not proportional to the length of the frame.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An error detecting code calculated from the remaining bits of the frame, exclusive of flags,is the ________.
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Chapter 8: Multiplexing
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Q1) FDMA is a technique used to share the spectrum among multiple stations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ was developed in the late 1980s by BellCore to provide a more cost effective means of delivering a T1 data rate.
A)xDSL
B)HDSL
C)QAM
D)DMT
Q3) In FDM,because multiple carriers are to be used,each is referred to as a ________.
A)subcarrier
B)channel
C)WDM
D)subscriber
Q4) With ________ multiplexing data from various sources are carried in repetitive frames.
Q5) The digital subscriber line combines FDM and ________ technologies.
Q6) The disadvantage of using echo cancellation is the need for ________ logic on both ends of the line.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Wan Technology and Protocols
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Q1) ________ switching is used in public telephone networks.
Q2) In a ________ network,data entering the network from a station are routed to the destination by being switched from node to node.
A)communications
B)ATM
C)switched communication
D)packet switching
Q3) Each packet contains some portion of the user data plus control information needed for proper functioning of the network.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Another well known application of circuit switching is the PBX.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Elaborate algorithms are used to cope with the time delay and overhead penalties of network operation in a packet switching network.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Cellular Wireless Networks
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Q1) The term ________ refers to the provision of multiple fixed data rate logical channels to a given user,in which different data rates are provided on different logical channels.The traffic on each logical channel can be switched independently through the wireless and fixed networks to different destinations.
Q2) The dominant technology for third generation systems is ________.
A)IMT-TC
B)UMTS
C)CDMA
D)TDMA
Q3) One unwanted effect of multipath propagation is that multiple copies of a signal may arrive at different phases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Second generation systems provide multiple channels per cell,but each channel is dynamically shared by a number of users using time division multiple access or
Q5) The number of cells in a repetitious pattern,(each cell in the pattern uses a unique band of frequencies),is termed the ________.
Q6) First generation cellular networks made use of ________ multiplexing.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Local Area Network Overview
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Q1) There are four alternative media that can be used for a bus LAN: baseband coaxial cable,broadband coaxial cable,optical fiber,and ________.
Q2) In the ________ all stations attach directly to a linear transmission medium.A transmission from any station propagates the length of the medium in both directions and can be received by all other stations.
A)backend network
B)bus topology
C)tree topology
D)medium access link
Q3) The network consists of a set of ________ joined by point-to-point links in a closed loop in the ring topology.These are capable of receiving data on one link and transmitting them,bit by bit,on the other link as fast as they are received.
Q4) A ________ is a broadcast domain consisting of a group of end stations,perhaps on multiple physical LAN segments,that are not constrained by their physical location and can communicate as if they were on a common LAN.
Q5) The total collection of devices that receive broadcast frames from each other is referred to as a ________.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Ethernet
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Q1) An ________ is a direct point-to-point or multipoint communications link, predominantly hardware based and designed for high speed over very short distances.It transfers data between a buffer at the source device and a buffer at the destination device,moving only the user contents from one device to another without regard to the format or meaning of the data.
Q2) A technique known as slotted ________ organizes time on the channel into uniform slots whose size equals the frame transmission time.Transmission is permitted to begin only at a slot boundary.
A)ALOHA
B)CSMA
C)boundary relay
D)Ethernet
Q3) With ________,a station wishing to transmit first listens to the medium to determine if another transmission is in progress.If the medium is in use,the station must wait.If the medium is idle,the station may transmit.
A)ALOHA
B)transmission backlog delay
C)Ethernet
D)CSMA
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Wireless Lans
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Q1) A hub topology,with a MAC algorithm such as CSMA to control,is appropriate for ad-hoc LANs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) OFDM LANs typically operate in either the 2.4-GHz band or the 5- GHz band.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A ________ is a system used to interconnect a set of basic service sets and integrated LANs to create an extended service set.
A)DS
B)MPDU
C)AP
D)MSDU
Q4) "Recommended practice for the evaluation of 802.11 wireless performance" is the scope of the ________ standard.
A)IEEE 802.11,2
B)IEEE 802.11f
C)IEEE 802.11r
D)IEEE 802.11a
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Chapter 14: The Internet Protocol
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Q1) IPv6 addresses are ________ bits in length.
Q2) A connectionless internet service is not good for connectionless transport protocols because it imposes unnecessary overhead.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The driving motivation for the adoption of a new version of IP was the limitation imposed by the 32-bit address field in IPv4.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Flow control allows routers and receiving stations to limit the rate at which they receive data.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If dynamic or alternate routing is used the potential exists for a datagram to loop indefinitely through the internet.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The most widely used protocol for internetworking is the ________.
Q7) IPv6 allows three types of addresses: unicast,anycast,and ________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Transport Protocols
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Q1) TCP mechanisms can be grouped into the categories of data transfer,connection termination,and ________.
Q2) In addition to TCP,the ________ is the other transport-level protocol that is commonly used as part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
Q3) The receiver needs to adopt some policy concerning the amount of data it permits the sender to transmit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an acknowledgment of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times.When the timer expires,the transport entity assumes that the other transport entity or intervening network has failed,closes the connection,and signals an abnormal close to the TS user.
Q5) RTT Variance Estimation,also known as ________,is the technique specified in the TCP standard that enables a TCP entity to adapt to changes in round-trip time.
Q6) In addition to data each transmitted segment includes in its header three fields related to flow control: acknowledgment number,window,and ________.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Advanced Data Communications Topics
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Q1) A _________ code takes an input of arbitrary length and produces a fixed-length CRC check code.
A)BCH
B)LFS
C)VSB
D)CRC
Q2) Cyclic codes can be easily encoded and decoded using __________ registers.
Q3) _________ codes are a widely used subclass of nonbinary BCH codes.
Q4) The syndrome indicates which of the individual parity-check equations do not equal 0.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Reed-Solomon is an example of a ________ code.
Q6) An LDPC construction technique that results in a systematic code is called a__________ code.
A) Tanner
B) irregular LDPC
C) regular LDPC
D) repeat-accumulate
Q7) Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem is an example of a _________ code.
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Chapter 17: Wireless Transmission Techniques
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Q1) With __________ ,each bit in the original signal is represented by multiple bits in the transmitted signal,using a spreading code.
A)IFFT
B)DSSS
C)CDMA
D)FHSS
Q2) Together,MIMO and OFDM technologies are the cornerstone of emerging broadband wireless networks.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The relationship among the subcarriers in the OFDM scheme is referred to as
A)modulation
B)subchannels
C)orthogonality
D)spread spectrum
Q4) __________ extends the basic MIMO concept to multiple endpoints,each with multiple antennas.
Q5) The first type of spread spectrum developed is known as _________ .
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Chapter 19: Routing
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Q1) Random routing requires the use of network information.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ________ function seeks to design routes through the network for individual pairs of communicating end nodes so that the network is used efficiently.
Q3) A key design issue in switched networks is routing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A variety of routing algorithms have been developed for packet- switching,frame relay and ATM networks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When the internal operation of the network is ________,a routing decision is made individually for each packet.
A)datagram
B)robust
C)internal virtual circuit
D)virtual circuit
Q6) A generalization of the minimum-hop criterion is ________ routing.
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Chapter 20: Congestion Control
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Q1) ______ is a congestion control technique.
A)Choke packet
B)Implicit congestion signaling
C)Backpressure
D)All of the above
Q2) ________ discriminates between incoming packets that conform to QoS agreement and those that don't.
Q3) A reservation scheme is an integral part of ATM networks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ is an effective congestion control technique in connectionless,or datagram,configurations,such as datagram packet-switching networks and IP-based internets.
Q5) _________ occurs when the number of packets being transmitted through a network begins to approach the packet-handling capacity of the network.
Q6) A token bucket traffic specification consists of two parameters: a token replenishment rate and a _________ .
Q7) The ________ scheme provides the input parameters to a policing function.
Q8) ________ algorithm addresses RTT variance estimation.
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Chapter 21: Internetwork Operation
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Q1) OpenFlow can be used with network traffic involving a variety of protocols and network services.
A)True
B)False
Q2) IGMP,defined in RFC ______ ,is used by hosts and routers to exchange multicast group membership information over a LAN.
Q3) With unicast transmission,the router may be required to forward two or more copies of an incoming datagram.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A membership query message is sent by a multicast router.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The current version of IGMP defines two message types: Membership Query and ________ .
Q6) A packet with a multicast address is transmitted on a LAN segment.
A)True
B)False
Q7) PIM defines two modes of operation: dense-mode protocol and ______ protocol.
Page 22
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Chapter 22: Internetwork Quality of Service
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Q1) Real-time traffic is an example of ________ traffic.
Q2) A ________ is a contract between a network provider and a customer that defines specific aspects of the service that is to be provided.
Q3) The ________ provides a framework for the development of protocols such as RSVP to handle multimedia/multicast traffic and provides guidance to router vendors on the development of efficient techniques for handling a varied load.
Q4) The magnitude of delay variation is called ________ and is a critical factor in real-time applications.
A)dropper
B)routing control
C)jitter
D)packet loss
Q5) The act of sending a packet from a source to multiple destinations is referred to as ________.
Q6) A router is able to anticipate congestion and prevent applications from causing an overload.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Multiprotocol Label Switching
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Q1) For services such as voice and video that require a network with high predictability,the DS and IS approaches,by themselves,may prove inadequate on a heavily loaded network.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When computing paths for LSPs,________ considers the topology of the network, the attributes of the individual links between LSRs,and the attributes of existing LSPs.
Q3) A ________ emulates a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint link and provides a single service that is perceived by its user as an unshared link or circuit of the chosen service.
Q4) A MPLS label is a 32-bit field consisting of the following elements: label value,S,TTL,and ________.
Q5) MPLS is a set of ________ specifications for including routing and traffic engineering information in packets.
Q6) An ________ represents a group of packets that share the same transport requirements,receive the same treatment en route to the destination and follow the same path and receive the same QoS treatment at each hop.
Q7) The MPLS architecture supports two routing options: hop-by-hop and ________.
Page 24
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Chapter 24: Electronic Mail, dns, and Http
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Q1) _______ is an extension to the RFC 822 framework that is intended to address some of the problems and limitations of the use of SMTP and RFC 822 for electronic mail.
Q2) Four elements comprise the DNS: domain name space,DNS database,name servers,and _________ .
Q3) Typically,the ________ function is housed in the user's computer and is referred to as a client e-mail program or a local network e-mail server.
A)MDA
B)MHS
C)MUA
D)MTA
Q4) The _______ domain is dedicated exclusively for private businesses.
A)org
B)net
C)com
D)biz
Q5) The _______ accepts the message submitted by an MUA and enforces the policies of the hosting domain and the requirements of Internet standards.
Q6) The Internet mail architecture is currently defined in RFC _______ .
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Chapter 25: Internet Multimedia Support
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Q1) RFC 3550 outlines ________ as a function performed by RTCP.
A)QoS and congestion control
B)identification
C)session control
D)all of the above
Q2) _____ real-time applications can tolerate the loss of some portion of the communicated data.
Q3) Whereas traditional telephone networks allocate dedicated circuits for voice communications using circuit switching,VoIP uses _______,allowing the sharing of transmission capacity.
Q4) The RTP Timestamp is the absolute wall clock time when this report was sent.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The jitter measure may provide a warning of increasing congestion before it leads to packet loss.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The ___________ Protocol describes the content of sessions,including telephony,Internet radio,and multimedia applications.
Page 26
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