Telecommunications
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles and technologies that drive modern telecommunications systems. Students will study the basic concepts of signal transmission, modulation techniques, multiplexing, coding, and network architecture, as well as the infrastructure required for both wired and wireless communication. The course also covers the evolution of telecommunication networks, including traditional telephone systems, mobile networks, satellite communications, and the Internet. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how data and voice are transmitted across different media, the protocols involved, and the regulatory framework governing telecommunications. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of how real-world communication networks are built, managed, and secured.
Recommended Textbook
Data and Computer Communications 10th Edition by William Stallings
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Data Communications, data Networks,
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Q1) Data communications deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) ________ involves moving voice into a data infrastructure,integrating all the voice and data networks inside a user organization into a single data network infrastructure,and then extending that into the wireless arena.
Answer: Convergence
Q3) An ________ uses Internet and Web technology in an isolated facility internal to an enterprise.
A)application network
B)intranet
C)extranet
D)Internet portal
Answer: B
Q4) The need to make efficient use of transmission facilities that are typically shared among a number of communicating devices is referred to as ________.
Answer: transmission system utilization
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Chapter 2: Protocol Architecture, tcpip, and
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Q1) For most applications running as part of the TCP/IP protocol architecture,the transport layer protocol is TCP.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) If the initiator receives confirmation that the requested service has had the desired effect at the other end,it is referred to as a ________ service. Answer: confirmed
Q3) In a ________ the modules are arranged in a vertical stack.Each layer in the stack performs a related subset of the functions required to communicate with another system.
A)protocol architecture
B)NSP
C)protocol data unit
D)frame relay
Answer: A
Q4) The two commonly used transport level protocols used as part of the TCP/IP protocol suite are TCP and ________. Answer: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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Chapter 3: Data Transmission
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Q1) The ________ bandwidth is the band where most of the signal energy is concentrated.
Answer: effective
Q2) The maximum rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path under given conditions is referred to as the ________.
Answer: channel capacity
Q3) Because of delay distortion some of the signal components of one bit position will spill over into other bit positions causing ________ interference,which is a major limitation to maximum bit rate over a transmission channel.
Answer: intersymbol
Q4) A reduction in strength is ________.
A)delay distortion
B)attenuation
C)pulsing
D)interlacing
Answer: B
Q5) A technique known as ________ is used to provide a flicker free image without increasing the bandwidth requirement.
Answer: interlacing
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Chapter 4: Transmission Media
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Q1) The ________ class is targeted for support of next generation applications beyond 10-Gbps Ethernet.
A)Category 5e/Class D
B)Category 6A/Class E<sub>A</sub>
C)Category 6/Class E
D)Category 7/Class F
Q2) Unshielded twisted pair provides better performance at higher data rates. A)True
B)False
Q3) A thin,flexible medium capable of guiding an optical ray is an ________.
Q4) The ________ standards identify a number of categories of cabling and associated components that can be used for premises and campus-wide data distribution.
Q5) Defined as an electrical conductor,or system of conductors,used either for radiating or collecting electromagnetic energy,unguided media uses an ________ to achieve transmission and reception.
Q6) A single orbiting satellite will operate on a number of frequency bands called ________ channels.
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Chapter 5: Signal Encoding Techniques
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Q1) The modulation rate of a signal is the rate,in bits per second,that data are transmitted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some transmission media,such as optical fiber and unguided media,will only propagate analog signals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using two different voltage levels for the two binary digits is a difficult way to transmit digital signals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The biphase codes are known as self-clocking codes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In ________ the phase of the carrier signal is shifted to represent data.
A)MFSK
B)ASK
C)FSK
D)PSK
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Error Detection and Correction
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Q1) Error detection found in data link control protocols such as HDLC is not a useful technique.
A)True B)False
Q2) The characteristics that distinguish various data link configurations are topology and whether the link is half duplex or full duplex.
A)True B)False
Q3) Redundant bits are used by the _________ for the purpose of error detection or correction.
Q4) A ________ error is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not affect nearby bits.
Q5) The Internet checksum is considerably less effective than the CRC.
A)True B)False
Q6) Error correction works by adding sufficient redundancy to the transmitted message. A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Data Link Control Protocols
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Q1) A layer of logic is added above the physical layer to achieve necessary control.This logic is referred to as a ________ protocol.
Q2) Only one frame may be in the pipe at a time with sliding-window flow control.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A technique for assuring that a transmitting entity does not overwhelm a receiving entity with data is ________.
Q4) ________ enables a receiver to regulate the flow of data from a sender so that the receiver's buffers do not overflow.
A)Flow control
B)Link control
C)Data control
D)Error control
Q5) Error control enables a receiver to regulate the flow of data so that the receiver's buffers do not overflow.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The most important data link control protocol is ________.
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Chapter 8: Multiplexing
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Q1) The multiplexer combines data from the input lines and transmits over a lower capacity data link.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With time division multiplexing,modulation equipment is needed to move each signal to the required frequency band and multiplexing equipment is needed to combine the modulated signals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The transmitted data in synchronous TDM are organized into ________. A)blocks
B)frames
C)channels
D)frequencies
Q4) FDMA is a technique used to share the spectrum among multiple stations. A)True B)False
Q5) The disadvantage of using echo cancellation is the need for ________ logic on both ends of the line.
Q6) The digital subscriber line combines FDM and ________ technologies.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Wan Technology and Protocols
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Q1) Circuit switching connections do not appear to attached devices as direct connections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Typically standards for packet-switching network interfaces do not define a virtual circuit service.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Circuit switching is very efficient in handling digital data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Node-node links are usually multiplexed using either frequency division multiplexing or time division multiplexing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The term ________ refers to the logical connection between two stations through the network.
Q6) A key distinguishing element of packet switching networks is whether the internal operation is datagram or ________.
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Chapter 10: Cellular Wireless Networks
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Q1) The area to be covered in a cellular network is divided into cells in a pentagonal tile pattern that provide full coverage of the area and equidistant antennas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Even though cells are sufficiently distant from each other,they still need to be assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Only one mobile user unit may be active and communicating with the base station at a time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ are useful in city streets in congested areas,along highways,and inside large public buildings.
A)Maximum bit rates
B)MTSOs
C)Microcells
D)Control channels
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Local Area Network Overview
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Q1) One simple approach to improving efficiency is to physically partition the LAN into separate broadcast domains.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ________ is designed for use between local area networks that use identical protocols for the physical and link layers and,because the devices all use the same protocols,the amount of processing here is minimal.
Q3) The key elements of a local area network are medium access control,transmission medium,wiring layout,and ________.
Q4) The network consists of a set of ________ joined by point-to-point links in a closed loop in the ring topology.These are capable of receiving data on one link and transmitting them,bit by bit,on the other link as fast as they are received.
Q5) A hub can be configured to recognize a malfunctioning station that is jamming the network and to cut that station out of the network.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The tree layout begins at a point known as the ________.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Ethernet
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Q1) A ________ is an administratively configured broadcast domain consisting of a subset of end stations attached to a LAN.
Q2) The IEEE 802.3 standard allows a maximum of ________ repeaters between any two stations with the 10BASE5 alternative.
A)two
B)four
C)three
D)five
Q3) A ________ is a collection of interconnected access points with a software protocol structure that enables communication.
A)network
B)I/O channel
C)carrier access station
D)Fibre channel
Q4) Client/server computing has become a dominant architecture in the business environment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) For the lower data rates the ________ MAC protocol is used.
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Chapter 13: Wireless Lans
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Q1) Three physical media are defined in the original 802.11 standard: DSSS, FHSS,and
A)GFSK
B)UNNI
C)infrared
D)Barker sequence
Q2) The ________ module includes either bridge or router functionality to link the wireless LAN to the backbone.
Q3) The IEEE 802.11 standards do not include a specification of speed versus distance objectives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A number of changes are made in 802.11n in the radio transmission scheme to increase capacity.The most significant of these techniques is ________.
A)channel bonding
B)diffusion
C)interconnection
D)spread spectrum
Q5) The three MAC frame types are control frames,data frames,and ________ frames.
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Chapter 14: The Internet Protocol
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Q1) Priority could be assigned on a message basis or on a connection basis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A connectionless internet service is not good for connectionless transport protocols because it imposes unnecessary overhead.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A next generation IP,known as ________,provides longer address fields and more functionality than the current IP.
A)IPv6
B)IPv5
C)IPv3
D)IPv4
Q4) If dynamic or alternate routing is used the potential exists for a datagram to loop indefinitely through the internet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An internet consists of multiple separate networks that are interconnected by ________.
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Chapter 15: Transport Protocols
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Q1) When a TCP entity detects the presence of congestion in the Internet,it reduces the flow of data onto the Internet until it detects an easing in congestion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The less the network service provides,the more the transport protocol must do.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Abort connection when no segments are received" is the ________ Transport Protocol Timer.
A)2MSL
B)Keepalive
C)Retransmission
D)Persist
Q4) Once the Passive Open command is issued,the transport entity creates a connection object of some sort that is in the ________ state.
A)OPEN
B)LISTEN
C)CLOSED
D)FIN
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Chapter 16: Advanced Data Communications Topics
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Q1) For unguided transmission it is virtually impossible to transmit baseband signals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An LDPC construction technique that results in a systematic code is called a__________ code.
A) Tanner
B) irregular LDPC
C) regular LDPC
D) repeat-accumulate
Q3) Many of the error-correcting block codes that are in use are in a category called
A)cyclic codes
B)logic codes
C)linear codes
D)BCH codes
Q4) SSB is a variant of AM that requires only half of the bandwidth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Reed-Solomon is an example of a ________ code.
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Chapter 17: Wireless Transmission Techniques
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Q1) The ________ reverses the FFT operation.
Q2) There are two applications of MU-MIMO: Uplink--Multiple Access Channel,MAC and
Q3) In a MIMO scheme the transmitter employs a single antenna.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first type of spread spectrum developed is known as _________ .
Q5) MIMO exploits the space dimension to improve wireless systems in terms of _________.
A)range
B)capacity
C)reliability
D)all of the above
Q6) With __________ the same data is coded and transmitted through multiple antennas.
A)spatial multiplexing
B)CDMA
C)spatial diversity
D)SC-FDMA
Q7) _______ is a multiplexing technique used with spread spectrum.
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Chapter 19: Routing
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Q1) A variety of routing algorithms have been developed for packet- switching,frame relay and ATM networks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Random routing requires the use of network information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the easiest design aspects of switched data networks is routing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The disadvantage of fixed routing is ________.
A)its lack of flexibility
B)its simplicity
C)it does not work with virtual circuits
D)it does not work with datagrams
Q5) The ________ function attempts to find the least cost route through the network.
A)ABR
B)management
C)generic flow control
D)routing
Page 20
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Chapter 20: Congestion Control
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Q1) The size of TCP's send window can have a critical effect on whether TCP can be used efficiently without causing congestion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The purpose of the ________ mechanism is to gradually expand the window until acknowledgments are received.
A)slow start
B)window management
C)backpressure
D)none of the above
Q3) Explicit congestion signaling approaches can be divided into three general categories: Credit based,rate based,and ________ .
Q4) If the rate at which packets arrive and queue up exceeds the rate at which packets can be transmitted,the queue size grows without bound and the delay experienced by a packet goes to infinity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ________ algorithm addresses RTT variance estimation.
Q6) The ________ scheme provides the input parameters to a policing function.
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Chapter 21: Internetwork Operation
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Q1) In multicasting only a single copy of the packet is ever transmitted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With unicast transmission,the router may be required to forward two or more copies of an incoming datagram.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A _______ query is used to learn if any attached device desires reception of packets sent to a specified multicast address,from any of a specified list of sources.
Q4) A mobile node is assigned to a particular network,known as its ______ .
Q5) IGMP _____ allows hosts to specify the list of hosts from which they want to receive traffic.
A)v1
B)v2
C)v3
D)v4
Q6) The __________ is an index that identifies a security context between a pair of nodes which is configured so that the two nodes share a secret key and parameters relevant to this association.
22
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Chapter 22: Internetwork Quality of Service
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Q1) Traffic on a network or internet can be divided into two broad categories: elastic and inelastic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Three categories of ISA services are: guaranteed,controlled load and ________.
Q3) The main task of the router is forwarding packets.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In times of congestion elastic traffic will continue to supply a high load and inelastic traffic will be crowded off.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A ________ is a distinguishable stream of related IP packets that results from a single user activity and requires the same QoS.
A)transport connection
B)routing algorithm
C)flow
D)jitter
Q6) The ________ is the most demanding service provided by ISA.
Page 23
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Chapter 23: Multiprotocol Label Switching
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Q1) MPLS is a set of ________ specifications for including routing and traffic engineering information in packets.
Q2) ________ define a flow of packets between two endpoints or,in the case of multicast,between a source endpoint and a multicast group of destination endpoints.
A)Pseudowires
B)Labels
C)Tunnels
D)Backbones
Q3) One of the most powerful features of MPLS is label stacking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A key component of an MPLS network is the use of ________ to optimize and manage the load.
A)session distribution
B)nodes
C)labeled routers
D)traffic engineering
Q5) A MPLS label is a 32-bit field consisting of the following elements: label value,S,TTL,and ________.
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Chapter 24: Electronic Mail, dns, and Http
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Q1) DNS allows essentially unlimited levels and uses the comma as the level delimiter in printed names.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _______ is a section in a DNS message.
A)Header
B)Question
C)Authority
D)All of the above
Q3) The ________ relays mail for one application-level hop.
A)MTA
B)MS
C)POP
D)MSA
Q4) A _______ is a forwarding agent,receiving a request for a URL object, modifying the request,and forwarding the request toward the server identified in the URL.
Q5) The ________ works on behalf of user actors and user applications and is their representative within the e-mail service.
Q6) The Internet mail architecture is currently defined in RFC _______ .
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Chapter 25: Internet Multimedia Support
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Q1) ________ is the maximum variation in delay experienced by packets in a single session.
Q2) The heart of the call placement process for VoIP is the __________ .
A)PBX
B)SIP
C)RTP
D)none of the above
Q3) _______ works by encoding voice information into a digital format,which can be carried across IP networks in discrete packets.
Q4) A ________ is a network element that receives requests in order to service them and sends back responses to those requests.
Q5) _________ is the determination of the media and media parameters to be used.
A)Session setup
B)Session management
C)User capabilities
D)User availability
Q6) SIP supports five facets of establishing and terminating multimedia communications: user location,user availability,session setup,session management,and
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