Survey Research Methods
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Course Introduction
Survey Research Methods introduces students to the principles and practices of designing, conducting, and analyzing surveys for research purposes. The course covers key topics such as sampling strategies, questionnaire construction, modes of survey administration, and ethical considerations in data collection. Students will learn how to formulate effective survey questions, ensure reliability and validity, and address common sources of bias. Emphasis is placed on both the practical and theoretical aspects of survey methodology, including data analysis techniques and interpretation of survey results, preparing students to design their own surveys and critically evaluate survey-based research.
Recommended Textbook
An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done 5th Edition by Emily Stier Adler
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15 Chapters
708 Verified Questions
708 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Uses of Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The publication of research allows for public scrutiny.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Research is distinguished from other ways of knowing about the world because it is done by authorities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When a researcher,she is engaged in explanatory research.
A) suggests that program interventions are not having their intended effect
B) describes a population in detail
C) critiques the existing social order
D) determines that one variable causes another or is related to another variable
E) proposes community social action campaign
Answer: D
Q4) The scientific method benefits from the pursuit of counterexamples.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be considered a variable:
A) employment status
B) education
C) religion
D) marital status
E) all of these are variables
Answer: E
Q2) Write a research question.Identify the independent and dependent variables in the research question.
Answer: Research Question: How does daily exercise impact academic performance in high school students?
Independent Variable: Daily exercise
Dependent Variable: Academic performance
Q3) A hypothesis is a testable statement about how two or more variables link together.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Ethics and Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) An informed consent form would include
A) a promise of anonymity and confidentiality.
B) a description of the study.
C) a statement that participation is completely voluntary.
D) the contact information for the principal investigator.
E) all of the above would be included on an informed consent form
Answer: E
Q2) Ethical questions do not arise in which of the following situations?
A) choosing subjects
B) recruiting participants
C) publishing the results of research
D) conducting the actual research interview
E) dilemmas occur in all of the above
Answer: E
Q3) It is ethical to ask permission to observe groups or organizations who meet in private settings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Planning a Research Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be difficult to access for the purposes of research?
A) homeless people
B) aggregate Census data
C) school teachers
D) vital records
E) past court case files
Q2) What conditions determine whether a study is feasible?
Q3) Until recently,all research was considered to be value free.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Exploratory research typically starts with research questions; explanatory research typically starts with hypotheses.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how funding sources may influence whether research is value free.
Q6) Personal interest in a topic is often a very good basis for investment of time and energy in research.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sampling is a way to learn aboutby obtaining information fromof a larger population.
A) a larger population; the entire membership
B) a larger population ; a subset
C) a subset of a population; the entire membership
D) a subset of a population; a subset
E) a smaller population; a percentage
Q2) Although convenience samples are widely used in research,what undermines their claims to generalizability?
Q3) A random sample is usually the best way to examine a population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A parameter refers to a measurement in a sample of a larger population. A)True B)False
Q5) Identify and describe the four types of nonprobability sampling.
Q6) If a potential respondent does not participate in the research,the study suffers from coverage error.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) It's easy to create indexes and scales that are both reliable and valid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher designs a survey question asking respondents to indicate their class standing as either: First-Year,Sophomore,Junior,Senior,or Graduate Student.What level of measurement did she use?
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
E) none of these
Q3) Why is it important to consider the level of measurement in study design? Use the example of education and explain how education can be measured in multiple ways.What is the benefit to measuring education on one level of measurement versus another?
Q4) It is pretty easy to take a nominal measure and transform it into a ratio measure.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the difference between reliability and validity?
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Chapter 7: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Case Study Designs
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Q1) What is one way to combat issues of internal validity?
A) Do not ask people about things that occurred in the past.
B) Conduct longitudinal studies versus cross-sectional studies.
C) Never conduct a cross-sectional design.
D) Conduct longitudinal studies versus cross-sectional studies AND do not ask people about things that occurred in the past.
E) Issues of internal validity cannot be avoided.
Q2) Cross-sectional designs are often used to
A) obtain an in-depth description on one case within its social context.
B) test causal hypotheses.
C) observe a change over time.
D) obtain an in-depth description on one case within its social context and to observe a change over time.
E) none of these describe cross-sectional designs.
Q3) A study design must balance ethical,practical,and methodological issues.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and explain the major challenges to doing research using longitudinal study designs.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Experimental Research
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Q1) In some instances,it is impossible to measure a condition before the experiment is conducted.In this situation,one can employ a research design known as a
A) classic experimental design.
B) post-test only.
C) comparison group.
D) All of these.
E) None of these
Q2) Discuss the issue of internal validity and experiments.Which types of experimental designs are best suited to address the issue of internal validity? How so?
Q3) Which type of experimental design was employed by Chris Caldeira in the focal research example?
A) field experiment
B) posttest only control group experiment
C) quasi experiment
D) classic experiment
E) both a quasi experiment and a field experiment
Q4) Describe the differences between a comparison group quasi-experiment and a post-test only quasi-experiment.
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Chapter 9: Questionnaires and Structured Interviews
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Q1) Sending a questionnaire by email
A) is useful for geographically dispersed samples.
B) is inexpensive.
C) is good for large samples.
D) raises the question of coverage error.
E) all of these
Q2) The response rate is calculated by
A) dividing the number of completed surveys by the number in the sample.
B) dividing the number of people who agree to participate by the number of people in the population.
C) multiplying the measurement error by the number of people in the population.
D) subtracting the number of people in the sample from the number of people in the population.
E) none of these
Q3) Phone interviews are appropriate for
A) in-depth exploration of complex matters.
B) interviews that will be longer than 40 minutes.
C) standardized, closed-ended surveys.
D) investigating issues that are personal and sensitive.
E) open-ended surveys.
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Chapter 10: Qualitative Interviewing
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Q1) In Enos's research on Managing Motherhood in Prison,a semi-structured interview was appropriate because
A) there was limited research in this area.
B) this sort of interview works well with groups with which the interviewer may be unfamiliar.
C) this sort of interview can be completed in less than 90 minutes.
D) this sort of interview provides flexibility yet organizes paths of investigation for the researcher to pursue.
E) this was an exploratory research project.
Q2) The advantage of an unstructured interview is that
A) the researcher doesn't have to make up the interview questions.
B) they are relatively inexpensive.
C) it focuses on the respondent's understanding of the social world and allows the researcher to understand their viewpoints.
D) it helps the researcher to narrow the focus of his or her interests.
E) it allows the researcher to change his or her research questions during the interview.
Q3) What are some elements and strategies that are likely to enhance the chances of a successful interview?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Observational Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why Halloween is a good holiday to study the social construction of race relations.How did the researchers accomplish this task in the focal research? Why were observational methods the best way to research this question over other methods?
Q2) Complete participant and complete observation do not permit
A) generalizability.
B) ethical considerations.
C) probing.
D) theoretical basis.
E) analysis.
Q3) A researcher who wants to gain access to a group may develop_________as a reasonable explanation for the project.
A) an account
B) the story
C) a briefing
D) the advance
E) a resource
Q4) What are the differences between thin and thick descriptions? How can visual sociology be used for observations and subsequent thick descriptions?
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Chapter 12: Using Available Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary data are frequently contrasted with A) primary data.
B) existing statistics.
C) available data.
D) aggregate data.
E) both available data and aggregate data.
Q2) A disadvantage to using physical traces to gather data is their unobtrusiveness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Martinez and Lee used available data to study the connections between violent crime and immigrants in Miami.Included in this available data were "homicide logs,",and decennial census reports.What do they think are the advantages of using this methodology? What are the disadvantages? What other approach might have been successful?
Q4) Emile Durkheim's classic study on suicide is based on A) qualitative interviews.
B) secondary data analysis.
C) field research.
D) qualitative interviews and field research.
E) none of these
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Content Analysis
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Q1) Content analysis is a method of data collection in which some forms of communication (e.g.,TV programs,newspaper articles,files,etc)are studied systematically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The focal research by Arthur,Clark,Clark and Racine used_______as the unit of analysis.
A) diaries
B) anthologies
C) photographs
D) television commercials
E) all of these.
Q3) _____are the units about which information is collected and____are the units from which information is collected.
A) Units of observation; units of analysis
B) Units of analysis; units of observation
C) qualitative units; quantitative units
D) quantitative units; qualitative units
E) none of these
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Applied Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that you would like to do a piece of applied research that focuses on a group in your community,such as a shelter for homeless people,a literacy program,a neighborhood preservation association,a local girls or boys club,volunteer services for an animal organization or any group of interest.How would you go about designing a possible participatory action research project,based on the guidelines described in your text? Be sure to discuss issues concerning practicality,feasibility,stakeholders,ethics,and proposed benefits.
Q2) In participatory action research,the researcher must be intimately involved in the community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Participatory action research
A) involves reporting to funders on the behavior of participants in the research setting.
B) involves researchers as subjects of investigation.
C) involves researchers working with community members to empower a community.
D) should not be done because it may not be value free.
E) is also considered basic research.
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Chapter 15: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The range of a variable is the difference between the lowest and highest values.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A data display should only be used to highlight the essential points of the final report.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a frequency distribution,we are
A) displaying the number of cases that fall in categories.
B) showing the connections between descriptive statistics.
C) examining the central tendencies of variables.
D) testing out our coding schemes.
E) analyzing multiple variables.
Q4) Crosstabulation is a technique used to
A) examine the association between two variables.
B) show causal relationships.
C) illustrate multiple ways to analyze variables.
D) analyze hypotheses.
E) categorically define variables.
Q5) Identify and describe the four types of elaboration.
Page 17
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