Survey of Western Civilization Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of major developments in Western Civilization from ancient times to the modern era. Emphasizing political, social, cultural, philosophical, and economic trends, the course explores key periods such as classical Greece and Rome, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the modern age. Students will analyze the contributions of influential individuals and movements, examine the evolution of Western thought and institutions, and consider the impact of Western civilization on the global community. By tracing the continuity and change of Western societies, the course fosters an understanding of the forces that have shaped the modern Western world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization 10th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations
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Q1) The term "civilization" refers to human societies which, amongst other features,
A)have an urban focus and a distinct religious structure.
B)have art and music.
C)support themselves mainly by trading and manufacturing.
D)have learned to live in peace with their neighbors.
E)have given up religion and adopted rational thinking.
Answer: A
Q2) Sumerian kings derived their authority from A)the will of the people.
B)the parliamentary councils of the city-states.
C)success in athletic tournaments.
D)the gods.
E)their military victories over the "barbarians."
Answer: D
Q3) The term Indo-European refers to people whose language derived from a single parent tongue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires
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Q1) All of the following are correct about Byblos EXCEPT:
A)It was an Egyptian commercial center.
B)It was a major Phoenician city.
C)It was a distribution center for Egyptian papyrus.
D)The Greek word for book is derived from its name.
E)It was located in ancient Canaan.
Answer: A
Q2) Many scholars today
A)believe the Hebrew Bible is a completely accurate historical record.
B)contend that the Hebrew Bible was originally written down in the fifth century A.D.
C)doubt that the early books of the Hebrew Bible reflects the true history of the Israelites.
D)argue that the Hebrew Bible was first written in Greek.
E)claim that none of the Hebrew Bible was written before the era of the Roman Empire. Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Civilization of the Greeks
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Q1) Unlike the women of most other Greek cities, Spartan women were expected to A)stay physically fit to bear healthy children.
B)become proficient in poetry and philosophy.
C)fight in the army alongside the men.
D)remain secluded at home for most of their lives.
E)rule the city in their husbands' absence.
Answer: A
Q2) All of the following are prominent features of Greece's topography EXCEPT A)extensive open plains.
B)bays and harbors.
C)mountains.
D)valleys.
E)long seacoast.
Answer: A
Q3) Greek colonization throughout the Mediterranean was a major development of the Archaic Age.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World
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Q1) Discuss the major characteristics of Hellenistic cities.How did these urban centers differ from the Greek city-states of the classical era?
Q2) Who wrote the treatise "On Chastity"?
A)Sappho
B)Hippocrates
C)Phintys
D)Cyme
E)Phile of Priene
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic cities?
A)They were small and governed by a military elite.
B)They served as important centers of administration, most of which were dominated by Greeks and Greek culture.
C)Their inhabitants spoke only their native tongue.
D)They had a population of 10,000 and were dominated by a trading class.
E)Most were ruled by non-Greeks.
Q4) Seleucus was especially active in founding new cities after Alexander's death.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why did Alexander of Macedonia's empire not last beyond his lifetime?
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Chapter 5: The Roman Republic
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Q1) Julius Caesar
A)defeated Crassus at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C.E.
B)dissolved the Senate while he was dictator for life.
C)was assassinated for his strong beliefs in republican institutions.
D)married Cleopatra.
E)led military commands in Spain and especially Gaul that enhanced his popularity.
Q2) Livy's account of Cincinnatus
A)was used to teach the Roman people the treachery of tyrants.
B)recounts the inseparable linkage of wealth and leadership abilities.
C)provides an account of the founding of Rome.
D)demonstrates how the virtues of duty and simplicity in Rome's leaders enabled Rome to survive in difficult times.
E)justified the concept of divine right monarchy.
Q3) The Twelve Tables
A)was the meeting place of the Roman Senate.
B)were to record and inspire a new religious cult in Rome.
C)referred to the arts of the Roman festival celebrating spring's arrival.
D)was the only place in Rome where patricians and plebeians could meet together.
E)were the first formal codification of Roman law and customs.
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Chapter 6: The Roman Empire
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Q1) The Art of Love
A)condemned the loose sexual morals of the Roman upper classes.
B)caused great displeasure to Augustus and led to Ovid's eventual exile.
C)was a guidebook for married women.
D)was a poetical treatise on romantic love.
E)All of these are correct.
Q2) Augustus added more territory to the Roman Empire than any other single Roman in its history.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The "terrible third century" was made terrible by all of the following EXCEPT A)ignorance of military affairs by the Severan rulers.
B)civil wars.
C)a series of natural disasters.
D)serious inflation and devaluation of coinage.
E)Germanic invasions.
Q4) It has been said of the Romans that two of their major contributions to Western civilization were in the areas of law and engineering.What exactly did the Romans achieve in each area?
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Chapter 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World
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Q1) Augustine wrote that marriage and the rejection of celibacy allowed for the perfect form of Christian living.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Constantine's support for Christianity supposedly began
A)before the Battle of Milvian Bridge.
B)after his defeat by his rival Maxentius.
C)after Constantine was baptized.
D)as the result of his wife's influence.
E)after he experienced a vision of the apocalypse.
Q3) The Umayyad dynasty moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to A)Mecca.
B)Córdoba.
C)Tunis.
D)Damascus.
E)Baghdad.
Q4) Constantine declared toleration for Christians but did NOT make Christianity the official Roman religion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
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Q1) Initially, the greatest effect of the church on Frankish marriage
A)was to make it one of the sacraments.
B)was to limit sexual license and concubinage.
C)emphasized the indissolubility of marriage.
D)prohibited the marriage of priests.
E)encouraged warriors, but not peasants, to have multiple wives.
Q2) In the Early Middle Ages, books were written on sheepskin, as papyrus was too expensive to be imported from Egypt, then under Muslim control.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The English king who helped establish a unified Anglo-Saxon monarchy by defeating the Danish army was
A)Hugh Capet.
B)Alfred the Great.
C)King Edgar.
D)Conrad of Franconia.
E)Edward the Confessor.
Q4) Discuss the changing relations between Islam and the Byzantine Empire between 750 and 1000.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Recovery and Growth of European Society
in the High Middle Ages
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Q1) The first fully Gothic church was the abbey church of Saint-Denis outside of Paris, under the leadership of Abbot Suger in the mid-twelfth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the higher food prices caused by growing demand for agricultural produce in towns and cities?
A)Lords sought to grow more food for profit on their estates.
B)Many serfs were no longer legally tied to the land and were converted into free peasants.
C)Almost all peasants gained complete economic independence from their lords.
D)Labor services were often converted into monetary payments or fixed rents.
E)All of these are correct.
Q3) Medieval cities
A)were generally clean and covered a large area.
B)had low population densities.
C)had skylines dominated by the towers of churches, castles, and town halls.
D)had low standards of hygiene due to the absence of public or private baths.
E)usually experienced low death rates.
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Chapter 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power
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Q1) The Crusades have been called "successful failures." Is that an accurate assessment? Why or why not?
Q2) The Byzantine loss at Manzikert led eastern Christians to ask their western brethren for help.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the importance of the veneration of saints, the use of relics, and the act of pilgrimage for ordinary people in the High Middle Ages.
Q4) The power of the Capetian monarchy was strengthened by the emergence of A)a council for advice.
B)a chamber of accounts for finances.
C)the Parlement.
D)the Estates-General.
E)All of these are correct.
Q5) How does the behavior of Saint Francis of Assisi exemplify a return to early Christian ideals of church organization and operation? What does his great popularity and veneration among ordinary Europeans indicate about popular religion in medieval times?
Q6) William of Normandy and the Norman Conquest
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Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the
Fourteenth Century
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Q1) The flagellants
A)were praised by the Catholic church for their miraculous deeds.
B)attracted attention and created mass hysteria wherever they went.
C)worked with both Jews and clergy to cope with the disorder and dislocation caused by the plague.
D)remained a popular religious movement throughout the fourteenth century.
E)were only found in isolated rural areas.
Q2) What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this political and religious conflict?
Q3) Joan of Arc
A)was captured by the Burgundians and turned over to their English allies.
B)was handed over to the Inquisition on charges of witchcraft.
C)was considered transgressive because she wore men's clothing.
D)was condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake.
E)All of these are correct.
Q4) In contradiction to Thomas Aquinas, William of Occam claimed that the truths of religion could not be proved by reason but could be accepted only by faith.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance
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Q1) Discuss the major social changes of the Renaissance era.Were these changes actually a rejection of medieval trends? Why or why not?
Q2) The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre
A)contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.
B)was for all segments of society, rich and poor.
C)advocated concentration on science and research, not rhetoric and verbal skills.
D)almost entirely excluded Christian teachings.
E)was designed to achieve political success as the paramount goal of an educated man.
Q3) After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor remained in the hands of the A)Sforza family.
B)Medici family.
C)pope.
D)Habsburg dynasty.
E)Hohenstaufen dynasty.
Q4) What were the new ideologies in the Renaissance that possibly weakened the primacy of religion and of the Catholic Church?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) Which of the following was a means by which Luther's ideas were spread?
A)His translation of the New Testament into German.
B)Pamphlets illustrated with woodcuts.
C)Sermons.
D)Hymn lyrics that taught the Gospel.
E)All of these are correct.
Q2) The author of Spiritual Exercises, the key work of the Catholic Reformation, was Pope Paul III.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Thomas More's Utopia served as a blistering criticism of the Catholic Church and a call for theological reform.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The author of Utopia, a satire on European government and society, was
A)Giovanni Boccaccio.
B)Desiderius Erasmus.
C)Thomas à Kepmis.
D)William Shakespeare.
E)Thomas More.
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Chapter
1500-1800
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Q1) Portugal's attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade
A)was a complete success, with Portugal decimating indigenous populations and replacing them with Portuguese colonists.
B)was never totally successful because Portugal lacked the resources to overcome local resistance.
C)ended when the Portuguese crown decided that its empire violated Christian moral principles.
D)resulted in a peaceful partnership with Spain, with both states sharing the profits of the spice trade equally.
E)was a complete failure after the defeat of the Portuguese navy at the Battle of Bombay.
Q2) The conquistador who conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531 was
A)Hernán Cortéz.
B)Hernando de Soto.
C)Francisco de Coronado.
D)Bartolomé de las Casas.
E)Francisco Pizarro.
Q3) Why did the slave trade come to rely on the peoples of West Africa, and what were the consequences for all parties involved?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) The patriotic enthusiasm and pride of the English during the Elizabeth era is best characterized by the A)philosophy of John Locke.
B)plays of William Shakespeare.
C)New Model Army.
D)Glorious Revolution.
E)King James version of the Bible.
Q2) Jean-Baptiste Racine is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the court of Louis XIV.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What techniques and practices defined warfare in the seventeenth century, and do they constitute a "military revolution"? Why or why not?
Q4) Why did England move toward a limited monarchy while places like Prussia, Austria, and Russia moved toward a more robust and absolutist monarchy?
Q5) What were the economic and social problems that troubled Europe from 1560 to 1650? Do these problems constitute a "crisis"?
Page 17
Q6) Why were women the prevalent victims of Europe's witch craze?
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Q1) Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because
A)people perceived it to be rationally superior to other belief systems.
B)its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
C)the victory of radical political groups throughout Europe encouraged freedom of expression.
D)it offered a new means to make profits and maintain social order.
E)it allowed an alternative religious belief system to that of Christianity.
Q2) Organized religions in the seventeenth century
A)conceded the accomplishments of science and separated theology from science proper.
B)rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world.
C)contributed greatly to scientific research through work in cathedral schools.
D)largely ignored science as merely a "toy for the minds of God's children."
E)rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept the findings of modern science.
Q3) Compare and contrast the methods used by Bacon and Descartes.Would Pascal agree with the methods and interests of these men? Why or why not?
Q4) How was the new scientific knowledge spread in the seventeenth century?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Did the Enlightenment represent a new era for women? Why or why not?
Q2) The eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on the pagan religion practices and sexual excesses of the Roman Empire.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to A)Christmas.
B)Easter.
C)Lent.
D)Pentecost.
E)All Saints.
Q4) What specific contributions did Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot make to the age of the Enlightenment? Compare and contrast their political ideas with Thomas Hobbes and Machiavelli.
Q5) Denis Diderot was an ardent Christian. A)True B)False
Q6) What role did women play in the development of the Enlightenment?
19
Q7) What ideas and values defined the Enlightenment?
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Chapter 18: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century was
A)Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest.
B)a lower total amount of British government debt.
C)a strong policy against state borrowing of any kind in Britain.
D)no real curbs on state borrowing in France.
E)the abolishment of the Bank of England's influence in economic matters.
Q2) The problem of poverty in eighteenth-century Europe was
A)most severe in Great Britain, a country lacking a system of poor relief.
B)solved largely through the efforts of private and religious charities.
C)aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials toward the poor.
D)solved in France in the 1770s through massive royal public works projects.
E)entirely the result of the Industrial Revolution.
Q3) European warfare in the eighteenth century was characterized by
A)the continued reliance on mercenary armies on the mainland.
B)ideological fervor leading to bloody battles.
C)limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers.
D)massive direct confrontations and pitched battles.
E)extensive trench warfare and many military casualties.
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Q4) Was there an agricultural revolution in the eighteenth century? Why or why not?
Chapter 19: A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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Q1) The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was
A)the government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems.
B)the blocking of attempted reforms by the French Parlements.
C)the radical calls of the philosophes for reform.
D)Louis XVI's rejection of the cahiers de doléances.
E)violent uprisings by the common people who were demanding political and economic equality.
Q2) Which of the following statements about Germaine de Staël is NOT true?
A)She was educated in Enlightenment ideals and set up a salon in Paris.
B)She wrote novels and political works that denounced Napoleon's rule as tyrannical.
C)Her books were banned in France.
D)Napoleon exiled her to the German states.
E)She died in London, having stopped writing as the result of her disenchantment with the despotism of Napoleon.
Q3) How was France changed by the revolutionary events of 1789-1792? Who benefited the most from these changes?
Q4) Compare and contrast Napoleon with the enlightened absolutists in eastern Europe.Was he more enlightened or more absolutist?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) Did industrialization bring an improved standard of living to the people of Europe? Why or why not?
Q2) The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following EXCEPT
A)canals.
B)roads.
C)bridges.
D)internal customs posts.
E)railroads.
Q3) The new social class of industrial workers in the early Industrial Revolution
A)did not include women.
B)worked under dangerous conditions for long hours.
C)excluded children from factory work.
D)unionized and achieved a good amount of political power.
E)demanded a socialist economic system.
Q4) Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
Q5) Discuss the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers.
Q6) What attitudes and lifestyle defined the new industrial middle class?
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Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850
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Q1) Because of the increased employment opportunities resulting from the Industrial Revolution, the early nineteenth century experienced a significant decrease in crime, especially crimes against property.
A)True
B)False
Q2) During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government
A)embarked on a massive program of electoral reform.
B)passed the Corn Law of 1815, which drastically reduced tariffs on foreign grain.
C)allowed for large public meetings and the dissemination of pamphlets among the poor as a sign of good will.
D)enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
E)dramatically improved the conditions of the working classes by guaranteeing cheap bread.
Q3) The Congress of Vienna placed much of Italy under Austrian domination.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) The Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867
A)created a loose federation of ethnic states within the Austrian Empire.
B)freed the serfs and eliminated compulsory labor services with the Austrian Empire.
C)made Austria part of the North German Confederation.
D)granted the Czechs and Slovenes home-rule.
E)created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
Q2) Compare and contrast the roles of Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi in the unification of Italy.Whose role was most important and why?
Q3) Unike most of the other nations of Europe, Britain did not experience a violent revolution in 1848.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Real wages for British laborers between 1850 and 1870 increased by A)more than 25 percent.
B)approximately 50 percent.
C)nearly 100 percent.
D)200 percent.
E)None of these are correct.
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Chapter 23: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Q1) By 1914, what percentage of Britain's population lived in cities?
A)95 percent
B)50 percent
C)10 percent
D)40 percent
E)80 percent
Q2) By the late nineteenth century, the distinction between the middle class and the lower class had completely disappeared.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Elizabeth Poole Sanford argued that women should
A)avoid being self-sufficient.
B)strive to become equal to men.
C)accept their roles at home until new governmental reforms were instituted.
D)make it known to their husbands that they were dissatisfied.
E)take employment outside the home to become economically self-sufficient.
Q4) After 1870, Britain regained its position as the industrial leader of Europe.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?
A)Great Britain, France, Russia
B)Austria, Germany, the Ottoman Empire
C)Turkey, Russia, Germany
D)France, Spain, Great Britain
E)Great Britain, France, and Italy
Q2) Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by
A)rapidly rising suicide rates, especially in cities.
B)refusals by German leaders to enact new welfare legislation.
C)the use of military forces to put down urban riots.
D)the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.
E)peasant rebellions, particularly in the Rhineland region.
Q3) The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were
A)Serbs and Austrians.
B)Russians and French.
C)English and Germans.
D)Serbs and Croats.
E)Russians and Serbs.
Page 26
Q4) What did the New Physics and concepts of psychoanalysis contribute to Modernism?
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Chapter 25: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) Because of inflation, people experienced a loss of purchasing in all of the following countries EXCEPT
A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Russia.
D)Italy.
E)Britain.
Q2) How did the Russian Revolution alter the dynamics of European statecraft and policy during the waning months of the war and into the time of the Paris Peace Conference?
Q3) After World War I, the United States Senate voted to
A)forgive the war loans to England and France.
B)renounce the Versailles Treaty that Wilson had negotiated.
C)join and actively participate in the League of Nations.
D)embark on a program of conscription.
E)form a military alliance with England, France, and Russia.
Q4) Were there any realistic alternatives to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, given the causes and the consequences of the war and its impact upon Western civilization?
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Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars 1919-1939
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Q1) James Joyce's famous novel featuring "stream-of-consciousness" was
A)Ulysses
B)Steppenwolf.
C)Mrs.Dalloway.
D)Jacob's Room.
E)Demian.
Q2) All of the following are indications of Turkey's adoption of Western culture after World War I EXCEPT
A)the establishment of a democratic system of government.
B)the introduction of popular education.
C)the creation of a state-run industrial system.
D)the use of the Latin alphabet.
E)the mandate that all Turkish citizens embrace Christianity.
Q3) Turkish forces created a new republic of Turkey in 1923 under the leadership of General Mustafa Kemal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What were Hitler's core ideas or assumptions? What were the methods used to implement them once he and the Nazis had established the Nazi state in Germany?
Page 28
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Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
II
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the Holocaust death camps were in the Sudetenland.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which one of the following did NOT occur after Hitler's unilateral 1935 announcement of German rearmament?
A)France condemned Germany and warned against future aggression.
B)Britain condemned Germany and warned against future aggression.
C)Italy praised Germany and counseled more such behavior in the future.
D)Britain signed the Anglo-German Naval Pact later in the year, acquiescing to Hitler's growing military might.
E)The British began to appease Hitler.
Q3) Did the outcome of World War II guarantee that a "cold war" would occur? Why or why not?
Q4) The policy adopted by Neville Chamberlain at Munich in 1938 in response to Hitler's demand for Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland is known as "appeasement."
A)True
B)False
Q5) When and why did the initiative in World War II pass out of Germany's hands?
Q6) Who bears responsibility for the enactment of the "Final Solution"?
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Chapter
28: Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) Truman and his Western European allies responded to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 by
A)building the Berlin Wall.
B)airlifting supplies into Berlin.
C)bombing Moscow.
D)sending a UN force to reopen the access routes.
E)threatening nuclear war.
Q2) The Cold War spread from Europe with the establishment of a Communist regime in China in 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Great Leap Forward was
A)Stalin's stated philosophy for his last five-year plan.
B)the radicalization of the feminist movement.
C)Mao Zedong's effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism.
D)the missile race between the United States and the Soviet Union.
E)Mao Zedong's New Economic Policy, modeled on Lenin's economic reforms in the early 1920s.
Q4) In what ways were Khrushchev's policies a departure from those of Stalin?
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Chapter 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World
1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "permissive society" is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A)sexual freedom.
B)experimentation with drugs.
C)decriminalization of homosexuality.
D)increasing rates of divorce.
E)declining rates of divorce.
Q2) The Ohio National Guard killed four student protesters in 1970 at
A)the Ohio State University.
B)the University of Ohio.
C)Bowling Green State University.
D)the University of Toledo.
E)Kent State University.
Q3) The American president Jimmy Carter proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the American war in Vietnam and the Soviet Union's conflict in Afghanistan.What does each reveal about the relationship between the superpowers and the limits of their power?
Page 31
Q5) What major economic problems and consequences plagued the West during the 1970s?
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Chapter 30: After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) By the 1980s Soviet problems included all of the following EXCEPT
A)a collapse of the space exploration program.
B)a decline in the standard of living.
C)rigid, centralized planning.
D)the failure to keep pace with the West in the production of high technology.
E)the inability of the Communist Party and state agencies to solve problems quickly.
Q2) All of the following are correct about the Bill Clinton presidency EXCEPT
A)an economic revival.
B)the adoption of a costly national health system.
C)a reduction of government budget deficits.
D)Clinton was politically damaged because of an affair with a White House intern.
E)Clinton's vice president became the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000.
Q3) In the 2008, Barack Obama won the U.S.presidential election on a platform of change "we can believe in" and ending the war in Iraq.
A)True
B)False
Q4) global warming/greenhouse effect
Q5) Is capitalism the dominant force on the planet today?
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