Survey of Psychology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, and key research findings in areas such as learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Students will gain foundational knowledge of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences on behavior, and develop critical thinking skills to analyze and apply psychological principles to everyday life. Throughout the course, ethical issues and research methodologies used in psychology will also be examined.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors,much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources
A)is consistent with the results of psychological research.
B)is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated.
C)is not able to be studied empirically.
D)is of no or very little interest to psychologists.
Answer: B
Q2) A group of animal behaviorists has discovered several new species of insects in the Amazon jungle.They collect the new species for later study back at the camp.Due to advances in computer technology,they are able to transfer their findings immediately to other researchers studying insects.Their willingness to share these findings with other scientists shows their commitment to
A)critical thinking.
B)falsifiability.
C)peer review.
D)pseudoscience.
Answer: C
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?
A)William James
B)Carl Rogers
C)B.F.Skinner
D)John Watson
Answer: D
Q2) A classmate tells you the following: "It's not how a teacher answers your question that matters,but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her answer." This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as A)behaviorism.
B)cognitivism.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)structuralism.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) What is the purpose of an institutional review board?
A)To help protect research participants from abuse
B)To hinder the research process by placing unnecessary hurdles in the way of researchers
C)To help protect the university from lawsuits from unhappy research participants
D)To encourage the use of deception in medical and psychological research with humans
Answer: A
Q2) After carefully observing thousands of students,Dr.O'Brien revealed to his colleagues that students with brown eyes are statistically more likely to write with pens instead of pencils.Although his colleagues did not question his statistics,they did suggest that a finding such as this lacked
A)authenticity.
B)validity.
C)statistical measures.
D)practical significance.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a
A)bar graph.
B)frequency polygon.
C)histogram.
D)scatterplot.
Q2) When a researcher tests his or her hypothesis,he or she is often hoping to gather information that is consistent with a particular theory.What,more specifically,allows a researcher to say that he or she has "proven" a theory?
A)Any time a hypothesis is confirmed,a theory is automatically "proven."
B)Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms at least one other theory,a theory has been "proven."
C)Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms all other known theories,a theory has been "proven."
D)A researcher is never able to say that he or she has "proven" a theory.
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his _____.
A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)right cerebral hemisphere
D)left cerebral hemisphere
Q2) Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's _____,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.
A)Adaptology
B)Stagnation
C)Plasticity
D)Reflex arc
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent,then by definition the other 40 percent is due to
A)random chance that impacts every organism.
B)prenatal environmental influences,such as toxins or viruses.
C)the effects of gene mutation.
D)differences in the individual's environment.
Q2) Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction.Which of the following sequences will you offer?
A)dendrites,axon,soma,synaptic knob
B)terminal buttons,axon,soma dendrite
C)axon,soma,dendrites,synaptic knob
D)dendrites,soma,axon,axon terminal
Q3) Within neurons,the term potentiation refers to
A)synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses.
B)structural changes in the neuron.
C)neural plasticity.
D)maturational development.
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8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years.He often would turn the volume on his guitar way up and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows.His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of A)conductive deafness.
B)nerve deafness.
C)noise-induced hearing loss.
D)tinnitus.
Q2) Attending to many modalities simultaneously is a phenomenon called A)bottom-up processing.
B)top-down processing.
C)parallel processing.
D)selective attention.
Q3) Which of the following sensory difficulties is likely to be the most dangerous?
A)Blindness
B)Deafness
C)Loss of smell
D)Pain insensitivity
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9
Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Brightness refers to the intensity of light.The corresponding term when discussing sound is
A)hue.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.
D)timbre.
Q2) Rafael has a cold and plugged sinuses.These symptoms are most likely to affect A)his ability to listen to his Art History professor's lecture.
B)his enjoyment of the food at the university cafeteria.
C)his pain tolerance threshold.
D)his sense of balance.
Q3) Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called A)focusing.
B)accommodation.
C)constriction.
D)dilation.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Nathan was a psychologist in the 1930s.Which of the following would best represent his understanding of what happened inside the brain during sleep?
A)Humans pass through five distinct stages of sleep.
B)Humans,unlike animals,experience REM sleep but both experience non-REM sleep.
C)Neurons fire and create the biological underpinnings of dreams and nightmares as we sleep.
D)Nothing interesting happens as humans sleep through the night.
Q2) The treatment for _____ usually involves wearing a masklike device that forces air into the lungs during sleep.
A)narcolepsy
B)night terrors
C)somnambulism
D)sleep apnea
Q3) Which of the following pairs belong together?
A)Marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol
B)Marijuana; psilocybin
C)Marijuana; acetylcholine
D)MDMA; acetylcholine
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11
Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) It is tempting,based on anecdotal evidence,to believe that when we die,we will be ushered into a utopian afterlife.After all,many who have had near death experiences (NDEs)have claimed to "see" friends or loved ones waiting for them.There is no scientific evidence,however,to support these claims.This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking?
A)Extraordinary claims
B)Replicability
C)Falsifiability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
Q2) Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?
A)Activation-synthesis
B)Repressed desires
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Dream-work
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist,she becomes anxious and cries.Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit,her fear was a learned behavior.The UCS in this case was probably
A)the dentist's beard.
B)sweet toothpaste.
C)the pain associated with teeth cleaning.
D)the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room.
Q2) Which of the following represents the findings of David Premack?
A)Disallowing a child to have ice cream because he/she did not eat his/her vegetables
B)Allowing a child to have ice cream only if he/she eats his/her vegetables
C)Allowing a child to have ice cream even if he/she does not eat their vegetables
D)Allowing the child to have an extra ice cream cone if he/she dislikes the first cone
Q3) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.
A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)effective based learning
D)discovery learning
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Page 13
Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) Concerning cognitive maps,which is likely true?
A)Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be just as capable of working their way through the maze,as compared to teens given a practice run through the maze before beginning.
B)Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be less capable of working their way through the maze,as compared to teens given a practice run through the maze before beginning.
C)Forming a mental representation of the layout of the maze will likely confuse teens because they learn best by doing not thinking.
D)The ability to form accurate mental representations of the layout of the maze will be difficult for teens,so the group viewing the maze before beginning will likely perform worse on this task.
Q2) Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?
A)Köhler
B)Tolman
C)Seligman
D)Bandura
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) Although you have never taken a class with Dr.Hua,you walk into class,sit down,open your notebook,and wait for the professor to begin his lecture.What concept is being illustrated?
A)Schema
B)Storage
C)Priming
D)Primacy effect
Q2) Oscar is writing a fictional autobiography.He is combining real events with those that could have happened,as well as a few creative additions.In terms of the memory system,this approach is most similar to A)the three systems of memory.
B)parallel distributed processing.
C)reconstructive memory.
D)implicit memory.
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Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) The first day of class,Sheila asked her professor what was the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a _____ level of processing.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)verbal
D)visual
Q2) An adult is able to remember that CIA stands for "Central Intelligence Agency," and yet a child is not.Why is this,according to your text?
A)Because at some point in our life,we will probably have some interaction with the CIA,or know someone who's had an interaction with them.
B)Because as we age,our conceptual understanding increases.
C)Because we have more exposure to movies and television shows where the CIA is present.
D)Because children do not watch news programs,which is where the CIA is usually mentioned.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) One explanation for schizophrenia holds that schizophrenic individuals have difficulty in filtering their attention.This is most closely related to the concept of
A)cognitive economy.
B)schema development.
C)chunking.
D)top-down processing.
Q2) People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says "You are 90% certain to survive" as opposed to "There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die." This is an example of
A)poor bedside manners.
B)a heuristic.
C)framing information.
D)developing a healthful concept.
Q3) The average reader uses _____ to read the vast majority of printed words.
A)phonetic decomposition
B)whole word recognition
C)surface salience
D)the representativeness heuristic
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Some believe that twins often share a secret and distinct language.Research suggests that
A)cryptophasia is a true phenomenon for roughly half of all twins studied.
B)most twins develop language more quickly than singletons,leaving them free to develop new languages.
C)twins may be more susceptible to language delays,which appear to some observers as distinct language forms.
D)the secret language of twins is referred to as homesign.
Q2) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension,as long as our speed does not exceed _____ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
Q3) As symbolic systems of communication,most languages
A)generally match sounds to the meaning of words.
B)are arbitrary in the relationship between words and meaning.
C)can be translated to another without impaired meanings of complex concepts.
D)do not have concepts that are unique to just one particular language.
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Page 18
Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Kenneth is especially skilled when it comes to chart reading,map reading,and graph reading tasks.According to Gardner,Kenneth's skills reflect _____ intelligence.
A)spatial
B)linguistic
C)logic-mathematical
D)naturalistic
Q2) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A)Decisive
B)Convergent
C)Heuristic
D)Divergent
Q3) The "Flynn effect" refers to
A)the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade.
B)the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.
C)the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade.
D)the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels.
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Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75.What is his mental age?
A)9
B)10
C)5
D)7
Q2) In the 1980s,political scientist James Flynn observed that the IQs of Americans were rising at a rate of about _____ point(s)per decade.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q3) Which movement was Hitler's rise to power and his quest to produce the master race analogous to?
A)Ebonics
B)Darwinism
C)Genocide
D)Eugenics
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Young Eli,only a bit over 18 months of age,has been fooled by his parents.In order to get him to willingly take a children's chewable vitamin every day,his parents have taught him that it is a "candy." Now,whenever Eli sees any product that is small and brightly colored,he says "Candy! YUMMM!" and tries to put it into his mouth.Eli's attempt to make new stimuli consistent with his existing mental structures is an example of _____.
A)centration
B)egocentrism
C)accommodation
D)assimilation
Q2) _____ behaviors are defined as bodily motions that are self-initiated and move bones and muscles.
A)Motor
B)Muscular
C)Physical
D)Physiological
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Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) Which hormone increases in production during puberty and is generally believed to be responsible for physical growth?
A)Gall bladder bile
B)Estrogen in girls and testosterone in boys
C)Adrenal androgen
D)Serotonin
Q2) Gail has just turned 53 and is beginning menopause.Gail is likely to begin experiencing
A)a significant loss of appetite.
B)a significant loss of physical energy.
C)depression.
D)hot flashes.
Q3) 16-year old Brenda's parents are political conservatives,while she identifies more with liberal political views.When asked her political orientation,Brenda seems uncertain and does not respond.Brenda is dealing with the _____ crisis.
A)industry versus inferiority
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)ego integrity versus despair
D)identity versus role confusion
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Page 22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Who proposed the triangular theory of love?
A)Robert Sternberg
B)Soloman Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Philip Zimbardo
Q2) A three-month old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone.Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to _____.
A)effective training by his mom
B)his motivation to learn something new
C)the reinforcements from his immediate surroundings
D)his innate motor programs from birth
Q3) Which best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness?
A)Negative,but weak
B)Positive and strong
C)Negligible
D)Positive,but modest
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Who is being driven by intrinsic motivation?
A)Matt,who is dying to win the trophy he sees behind the podium
B)Lucia,who hopes to earn a scholarship for college so her parents won't have to pay for her tuition
C)Kira,who enjoys running marathons for the challenge
D)Kip,who is working for a promotion and a raise at his job
Q2) Little Denny is listening to Grandpa Joe talk about the "good old days." How is Grandpa Joe likely to be feeling?
A)Tired
B)Sad
C)Happy
D)Nostalgic
Q3) According to the work of Hatfield and Rapson (1996),the two major kinds of love that people experience are called
A)passionate and companionate love.
B)fatuous and empty love.
C)consummate and adaptive love.
D)interpersonal and intrapersonal love.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint.This is an example of _____.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)avoidance
D)reappraisal
Q2) Which of the stage of the general adaptation syndrome is most indicated by activation of the fight-or-flight system?
A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Rumination
D)Exhaustion
Q3) _____ is the mental shortcut we use to judge the likelihood of an event and the ease with which it comes to mind.
A)Representativeness heuristic
B)Availability heuristic
C)Automatic process
D)Rumination
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a _____ personality.
A)stressed
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)hardy
Q2) Jayci lost her husband,daughter,and home in a widespread wildfire in California.To overcome this ordeal,she turns to old friends and support groups set up in the community for emotional comfort,information,companionship,advice,and financial assistance.This relationship is known as A)coping.
B)camaraderie.
C)networking.
D)social support.
Q3) Which is true about the DARE program?
A)It is very unpopular in schools.
B)It targets first and second graders.
C)It teaches the negative effects of using drugs.
D)It produces long-lasting effects.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) In a televised "social experiment" by the local television network,12 people-6 white and 6 African American-were asked to live together for one week.They varied in their level of prejudice; however,those with low levels of prejudice became less prejudiced,while those with high levels became more prejudiced.A psychologist from the university coined this behavior
A)group polarization.
B)group norms.
C)groupthink.
D)group dynamics.
Q2) Who is least likely to be aggressive?
A)Cody,a Southerner who has just been insulted by a neighbor
B)Juan,who just watched a daylong marathon of slasher movies
C)Jeff,who has been drinking heavily at a bar
D)Shoshone,who lives in Anchorage,Alaska
Q3) The phenomenon whereby we are more likely to believe something we've heard many times is known as the
A)availability heuristic.
B)recognition heuristic.
C)rule of thumb.
D)bandwagon fallacy.
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) According to research,humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions.This is called the
A)need for friends theory.
B)need for intimacy theory.
C)need for interpersonal interactions theory.
D)need to belong theory.
Q2) Devin holds the viewpoint that a female physician will not be as effective as a male physician because females are too emotional in nature.Devin's way of thinking about this situation can best be described as
A)prejudiced.
B)ethnoracial.
C)an example of poor cognition.
D)discriminatory.
Q3) _____ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
A)The just-world hypothesis
B)The scapegoat hypothesis
C)The bandwagon hypothesis
D)The maladaptive gullibility hypothesis
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Page 28
Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) The neo-Freudian,Carl Jung,suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people,called _____.
A)schemas
B)archetypes
C)prototypes
D)instincts
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of the Big Five?
A)Conscientiousness
B)Extraversion
C)Openness to experience
D)Sociability
Q3) Lena answered true to most of the questions that asked her about her participation in outdoor activities or social gatherings.When she received her results,she was amazed that the test had accurately described her extraverted personality.What may Lena be a victim of?
A)Self-validation
B)Confirmation bias
C)Personal validation
D)Projective accuracy
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Page 29
Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) The _____ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.
A)TAT
B)MMPI
C)Rorschach
D)NEO
Q2) Achak is upset.He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach,Achak would not have flunked his midterm.What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?
A)Latent
B)Reciprocal
C)Internal
D)External
Q3) According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the _____ stage.
A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked,and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n)
A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.
Q2) One criticism of the DSM noted by your author is that it adheres to a _____ model,which means that a person is seen as either having a mental disorder,or not having a mental disorder.There is little or no allowance for "degrees" of a disorder.
A)dimensional
B)categorical
C)diathesis
D)sociological
Q3) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?
A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?
A)It describes symptoms and includes information regarding the prevalence of specific disorders.
B)It contains 12 specific "classifications" of mental illnesses.
C)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.
Q2) Although their intent was noble,there was a major problem with the asylums that existed to help the mentally ill in the 15<sup>th</sup> century.What was that problem?
A)a lack of "customers" caused by the massive drop in mental illness
B)the use of barbaric treatments that were little better than those of the demonic era
C)too many physicians trying to implement their own views on the best ways to provide treatment
D)no religious guidance to help the patients find a spiritual center
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?
A)Clinical psychologist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counselor
D)Psychiatrist
Q2) Rico suffers from bipolar disorder.His psychiatrist will most likely prescribe
A)Lithium.
B)Prozac.
C)Ritalin.
D)Thorazine.
Q3) Karen is a family therapist who has just arrived at her client family's home to have dinner with them and spend the evening.Her visit is not social,but rather will be an opportunity for her to see how the family interacts with one another.Karen is using which family therapy model?
A)stratified family therapy
B)structural family therapy
C)logical family intervention
D)strategic family intervention
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Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage A)legal problems.
B)financial problems.
C)interpersonal problems only.
D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.
Q2) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
Q3) Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her
A)depression.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)phobia.
D)psychopathic personality.
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