Survey of Psychology Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides an overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course introduces major psychological concepts, theories, and methods, including biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, cognition, development, emotion, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Students will explore both historical and contemporary perspectives, examine real-world applications, and develop critical thinking skills through discussions of research findings, case studies, and ethical issues in psychology. This foundational course is designed for students seeking a broad understanding of psychology and its relevance to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
What is Psychology Foundations Applications and Integration 4th Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino
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14 Chapters
3093 Verified Questions
3093 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlation can be used only for making predictions, not for making
A) a third variable
B) cause-and-effect statements
C) two variables correlate
D) observations
Answer: C
Q2) Wilhelm Wundt is to ____ as William James is to ____.
A) functionalism; structuralism
B) structuralism; functionalism
C) science; pseudoscience
D) behavioral observation; introspection
Answer: B
Q3) Potentially problematic variables that can lead to alternative explanations for the results of a study are called ____ variables.
A) independent
B) confounding
C) dependent
D) experimental
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Neuroscience
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When making a drive to the basket in a basketball game, your ____ nervous system sends signals to your muscles to coordinate your movements.
A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) autonomic
Answer: A
Q2) Which gland plays a role in sexual maturation?
A) Pineal gland
B) Adrenal gland
C) Pancreas
D) Thyroid
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter?
A) Glutamate
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) GABA
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Top-down processing can lead to perceptual errors because ____.
A) the part of the brain involved in this type of processing does not operate at the highest level of logical thought
B) our expectations can strongly influence what we perceive
C) it is based on concrete thinking rather than abstract thinking
D) there is typically no background information to support such processing
Answer: B
Q2) The fovea ____.
A) contains only rods
B) is important for detecting form and shape
C) is located in the center of the retina, directly behind the pupil
D) is located in the periphery of the retina
Answer: C
Q3) When all the primary colors of light are mixed, we see ____.
A) brown
B) black
C) gray
D) white
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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229 Verified Questions
229 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) David drinks two cups of coffee before leaving for a four-hour drive to visit a friend. What effect will the coffee have on David's behavior?
A) Decreased attention while driving
B) Increased alertness while driving
C) Increased tolerance for bad drivers
D) Increased motor impairment
Q2) Gustavo often experiences brief episodes of sleep while he is in his psychology class. These brief episodes are called ____.
A) microsleeps
B) macrosleeps
C) circadian rhythms
D) sleep spindles
Q3) Long-term use of marijuana ____.
A) has no known adverse effects
B) has long-lasting cognitive effects
C) is often associated with malnutrition
D) increases risk of heart disease
Q4) Explain the risks associated with mixing energy drinks with alcohol.
Q5) Name and describe the five stages of sleep.
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Chapter 5: Motivation and Emotion
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on the number of sexual partners women had had by age 24 indicates that which generation of women may be at the highest risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections?
A) The Silent Generation
B) Boomers
C) Generation X
D) Millennials
Q2) You and your date both witness a fight in a bar, but you each have very different emotional reactions to this event. You find it amusing, but your date becomes very afraid. Which theory of emotion best explains why you each would have different emotional reactions to the fight?
A) The James-Lange theory
B) The Cannon-Bard theory
C) Facial feedback hypothesis
D) Cognitive-mediational theory
Q3) Secondary drives ____.
A) are learned
B) need to be met in order to survive
C) are innate
D) are biological
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe John B. Watson's research with Little Albert and identify the unconditioned, neutral, and conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned and conditioned responses in the original study.
Q2) Social learning is often referred to as ____.
A) classical conditioning
B) observational learning
C) operant conditioning
D) aversive conditioning
Q3) Joseph tells his buddies at work a joke that makes fun of women. To his surprise, his friends scolded him. As a result, Joseph decides never again to tell a joke like that at work. Joseph's experience is an example of what type of consequence?
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Negative punishment
D) Positive punishment
Q4) A squirrel is scurrying around hunting for acorns. Every once in a while, it pauses to look around before resuming its quest. Describe the squirrel's behavior in terms of orientation and habituation.
Q5) Describe Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies and their implications.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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232 Verified Questions
232 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you remember how to tie your shoes, you are specifically using a(n) ____ memory.
A) haptic
B) semantic
C) procedural
D) episodic
Q2) In the 1950s, George Miller showed that the capacity of short-term memory is ____.
A) 7 ± 2 bits of information
B) 20 chunks of data
C) about 5 facts, 2 concepts, and 1 feeling
D) 15 items
Q3) Which type of forgetting would involve a memory that is neither available nor accessible?
A) Decay
B) Interference
C) Cue-dependent forgetting
D) Repression
Q4) Describe several techniques for improving memory.
Q5) How do we transfer information from sensory memory to short-term memory?
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Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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231 Verified Questions
231 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg argues that some of Howard Gardner's intelligences are ____.
A) actually talents that some people possess
B) not easily testable
C) more likely to be caused by nurture than nature
D) not culturally biased
Q2) When the child you are babysitting says, "mommy gone," meaning "My mommy is gone," the child is using a typical form of language for two-year-olds called ____.
A) holophrase
B) telegraphic speech
C) underextension
D) overextension
Q3) We form prototypes for ______ categories.
A) basic level
B) natural concept
C) cognitive map
D) image scanning
Q4) Describe the reliable gender differences in intellectual abilities and explain what you think are the causes of these differences.
Q5) Compare how we use prototypes and exemplars in categorization.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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230 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a recent large, diverse survey of college and noncollege young adults between the ages of 18 and 35, ____ reported feeling "somewhat like an adult."
A) 56%
B) 66%
C) 76%
D) 86%
Q2) How does the brain develop after adolescence?
A) The brain will no longer develop.
B) The only part of the brain left to develop is the gray matter of the frontal cortex.
C) The only part of the brain left to develop is the connection between the two hemispheres.
D) The brain will continue to develop throughout life.
Q3) Explain Kubler-Ross's descriptions of reactions to dying and what subsequent research had to say about her theory.
Q4) Explain the difference between bereavement and grief.
Q5) Describe the transitional period known as emerging adulthood, and explain what circumstances are most likely to allow one to experience this period.
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11
Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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231 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When others are around, people are likely to experience ______ when completing complex tasks and ______ when completing simple tasks.
A) social facilitation; impaired performance
B) impaired performance; social facilitation
C) social loafing; groupthink
D) groupthink; social loafing
Q2) Rhonda is interested in buying a car. At the car dealer's lot, pleasant music is playing overhead, and there are free hot dogs and soft drinks. In this festive atmosphere, which Rhonda finds quite enjoyable, how is she likely to respond to the salesperson's attempts to get her to buy a car?
A) She will likely be more resistant to being persuaded.
B) She will likely be more easily persuaded to buy a car.
C) She will likely feel like partying, but she is unlikely to buy a car.
D) There will likely be no effect on Rhonda.
Q3) Norms are ____.
A) expectations that guide the behavior of group members
B) universal
C) always unwritten and usually unspoken
D) rarely helpful to individuals
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Personality
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230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Carl Rogers, if a child experiences unconditional positive regard he or she is less likely to lose contact with the ____ established at birth.
A) organismic valuing process
B) self-confirmation system
C) ego defense mechanism
D) principle of self-preservation
Q2) Which individual would you expect to have the most stable personality-that is, a person who shows consistent behavior over time?
A) A 5-year-old
B) A 10-year-old
C) A 15-year old
D) A 30-year old
Q3) When Wendy kisses James, she says, "I love you, Bill." Followers of Freud would say that this is ____.
A) sublimation
B) a reality principle
C) rationalization
D) a Freudian slip
Q4) How does the structure of the personality emerge, according to Freud?
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Chapter 12: Health, Stress, and Coping
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research, which of the following slows reaction time while driving even more than being drunk or high?
A) Texting
B) Computer vision syndrome
C) Cubital tunnel syndrome
D) Conversing with passengers
Q2) After Linus failed several courses and then dropped out of college near the end of his first year, he told his friends that he had been planning to transfer to a smaller school anyway. Linus is engaging in the defense mechanism of ____.
A) sublimation
B) reaction formation
C) projection
D) rationalization
Q3) Being insulted by another person but not being upset by it would be an example of a(n) ____ primary appraisal.
A) positive
B) avoidance
C) irrelevant
D) negative
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Mental Health Disorders
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202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which topic would be of most interest to a sociocultural theorist?
A) The greater incidence of depression in the United States compared to other countries
B) The relationship between age and certain types of mental illness
C) The biochemical causes of schizophrenia
D) The negative self-talk characteristic of those with low self-esteem
Q2) Obsessions are ____, while compulsions are ____.
A) adaptive; maladaptive
B) maladaptive; adaptive
C) thoughts; behaviors
D) behaviors; thoughts
Q3) Anxiety is considered abnormal when it ____.
A) is expressed in unusual circumstances
B) is exhibited more than twice within a 30-day period
C) is observed in social settings
D) interferes with one's ability to function
Q4) Describe antisocial personality disorder.
Q5) Explain how the psychoanalytic perspective and the cognitive perspective view the causes of depression.
Q6) How are panic disorder and agoraphobia related?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Mental Health Therapies
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to providing appropriate and adequate treatment, psychotherapists should have the necessary training to provide care that is ____.
A) behavioral
B) culturally sensitive
C) cognitively oriented
D) affordable
Q2) What is the main implication of the finding known as the Dodo Bird verdict?
A) It doesn't matter which psychotherapy a therapist uses because all are about equally effective.
B) A psychotherapy that can't adapt its methods to new insights will quickly become extinct.
C) Clients all have the same basic problem and eventually a single psychotherapy will evolve to address it.
D) No psychotherapy works any better than a placebo or doing nothing at all in terms of treating emotional problems.
Q3) Describe three methods that are employed in traditional psychoanalysis.
Q4) Describe the procedures involved in ECT and its effects.
Q5) What are the critical elements of client-centered therapy?
Q6) Describe what is known about the effectiveness of psychotherapy in general.
Page 16
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