Survey of Psychology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Students will explore core topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Emphasis is placed on understanding psychological concepts, research methods, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. This course serves as a foundation for advanced study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology 4th Edition by Laura King
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17 Chapters
3070 Verified Questions
3070 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The managers at a gym have approved the renovation of the gym.They want to make sure that the physical changes do not have a negative impact on the performance of the players during games.Which of the following psychologists would most likely study the behavior of the athletes in response to the changes?
A)Environmental psychologists
B)Industrial psychologists
C)Cognitive psychologists
D)Psychodynamic psychologists
Answer: A
Q2) If a psychologist deals with the unique problems and characteristics of an individual,he or she is most likely specialized in _____ psychology.
A)physiological
B)social
C)community
D)personality
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) In psychological research,a correlational study is used to determine
A)cause and effect between variables.
B)the link between variables.
C)the nature of dependent and independent variables.
D)a measure of central tendency.
Answer: B
Q2) Briefly describe the process of replication in the final step of psychology's scientific method.
Answer: Replicating a study means repeating it and getting the same results.Scientific conclusions rely on showing that the results remain the same,regardless of the specific scientist who conducts the study or the specific group of people who were studied.Direct replication means doing the study precisely as it was conducted in its original form.Conceptual replication means doing the study with different methods or different types of samples.For instance,a researcher might want to know if a particular strategy to enhance social skills works not only for college students but for older adults or for individuals with autism.If a research finding is shown again and again-that is,if it is replicated-across different researchers and different specific methods,it is considered reliable.It is a result on which researchers can depend.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the nervous system,which of the following is true of neurons and the neurotransmitters they secrete?
A)Most neurons secrete many neurotransmitters at the same time.
B)At any given time,a neuron is receiving a mixture of messages from the neurotransmitters.
C)Neurotransmitters in neurons cannot be both excitatory and inhibitory.
D)Neurotransmitters are located in the nuclei of the neurons.
Answer: B
Q2) While both hemispheres have many similar functions in the human brain,mention the predominant function associated with each hemisphere.
Answer: The left hemisphere is dominant with regard to language functions,while the right hemisphere is dominant in processing nonverbal emotional content.
Q3) Dendrites differ from axons in that dendrites
A)are myelinated,whereas axons are not myelinated.
B)receive information,whereas axons send information.
C)are branched,whereas axons are singular.
D)are efferent,whereas axons are afferent.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the auditory system,the _____ or tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound.
A)eardrum
B)oval window
C)cochlea
D)hammer
Q2) In the auditory system,the bones of the middle ear vibrate by vibrations of the A)cochleA.
B)eardrum.
C)saccule.
D)basilar membrane.
Q3) There is no specific organ that contains the kinesthetic senses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Attention is selective but not shiftable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the difference between bottom-up processing and top-down processing.Provide an example for each type of processing.
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents the most alert states of human consciousness?
A)controlled processes
B)automatic processes
C)altered states of consciousness
D)subconscious states of awareness
Q2) _____ is a disorder,caused by a genetic mutation,involving a progressive inability to sleep.
A)Sleep paralysis
B)Fatal familial insomnia
C)Sleep apnea
D)Narcolepsy
Q3) George has a history exam the next day,so he has been studying hard.If he wants to remember most of what he has studied,he should
A)go to sleep rather than staying awake all night.
B)keep studying through the night.
C)take a break and watch some TV rather than studying all night.
D)eat a large meal to help him stay awake.
Q4) Describe sleep apnea and its symptoms.
Q5) Discuss the nature and uses of hypnosis.
Q6) Explain the concept of incubation.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) David,a clinical psychologist,conducts an experiment on two rats,Chub and Chip,by subjecting them to mild electric shocks.On the first day,David gives Chub 30 electric shocks an hour and gives Chip 10 shocks an hour.On the second day,he gives both Chub and Chip 15 shocks an hour.Which rat is likely to experience more stress on the second day and why?
Q2) Give a brief account of Thorndike's law of effect.
Q3) An operant behavior occurs spontaneously.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Jim feeds his dog the Paws brand of dog food every day.When the dog sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl,he starts to salivate.When Jim switches to a new brand,the food does not suit the dog and makes him sick.The dog no longer salivates when he sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl.In this scenario,the dog's change in behavior can be best explained by learning through
A)observational learning.
B)counterconditioning.
C)avoidance learning.
D)habituation.
Q5) Describe avoidance learning.Provide an example to illustrate.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A store run by Mr.Mathers was robbed by three armed men.Mr.Mathers and his staff are waiting for the police to arrive.While doing so,they discuss the robbery and decide on a common story to tell the police.Which of the following is a likely outcome of this collaborative sharing of information by the eyewitnesses?
A)The dialogue between the eyewitnesses will contaminate their memories.
B)The dialogue between the eyewitnesses will enable them to accurately recall the exact details.
C)The eyewitnesses will be less prone to display bias while identifying the perpetrator.
D)The eyewitnesses will be better able to help the police solve the crime.
Q2) In the context of retrieval failures,the decay theory states that memories fade because
A)of the occurrence of retroactive interference.
B)the cerebellum reduces in size over a period of time.
C)old memories are constantly replaced by new memories.
D)the neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time.
Q3) What are the functions of the three components of Alan Baddeley's model of working memory?
Q4) Differentiate between short-term memory and working memory.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reliability is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Raina wants to get to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.Clark recommends Raina to take a route that would avoid any possible traffic.He tells him that he will be able to quickly reach the hospital if he follows his directions.Instead of looking at other options,Raina quickly acts on Clark's advice.In this case,Raina is using _____ to reach the hospital.
A)algorithms
B)subgoals
C)heuristics
D)benefit finding
Q3) Distinguish between availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic.
Q4) Following the instructions of a recipe in a cookery book is an example of a heuristic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss links between cognition and language.
Q6) Discuss the process of critical thinking.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation,they are unable to
A)make judgments based on gut feelings.
B)think intuitively.
C)recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
D)represent their world with words,images,and drawings.
Q2) Manuela is 70 years old.She wants to jog 5 miles every day but knows that her body cannot cope with the stress of a long-distance run.She wants to stay fit but knows that her bones are nimble.She instead contents herself by walking slowly on a treadmill every day.She also does yoga to keep herself healthy.Manuela's changes in goal are best explained by the process of
A)selective optimization with compensation.
B)exploration with commitment.
C)assimilation.
D)lateralization.
Q3) Which of the following is a symptom of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
A)hyperactivity
B)below-average intelligence
C)tardive dyskinesia
D)depression
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The broaden-and-build model of emotion was proposed to describe the A)similarities in facial expressions across cultures.
B)adaptive functions of positive emotions.
C)differences in various arousal levels.
D)discrepancies between Plutchik's and Tompkins' models.
Q2) Describe the main characteristics of a person with anorexia nervosa as listed by the American Psychiatric Association.What are the circumstances that may contribute to the development of this condition?
Q3) Ray played basketball for most of his life because he enjoyed the sport.He became so competent that he was given an opportunity to play professionally.Eventually,he signed a very lucrative contract with a regional basketball team.After the contract ran out,the team offered him slightly more money than the previous deal,but Ray decided that it was not enough.Which of the following best explains the rationale behind Ray's decision?
A)Ray's organismic needs were not fulfilled yet.
B)The team did not show Ray the respect that he deserved after becoming a professional player.
C)Extrinsic motivation had replaced Ray's intrinsic motivation to play.
D)Ray has lost the motivation to play.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amanda is a heterosexual woman who gets sexually aroused by leather.In this scenario,leather represents Amanda's A)fetish.
B)paraphilia.
C)script. D)schema.
Q2) Andrew faces a great deal of difficulty in communicating and interacting with his peers.He prefers to sit by himself and has a very narrow range of interests.His teachers often observe him engaging in tasks involving repetitive actions.In the context of gender differences in empathy and theory of mind,Andrew may be suffering from a(n)
A)paraphilic disorder.
B)gender identity disorder.
C)disorder of sexual development (DSD).
D)autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Q3) Spreading rumors is a form of overt aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is sexual masochism disorder?
Q5) Discuss the differences between the aggressive behavior of males and females.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A self-report test is also known as a(n)
A)objective test.
B)projective test.
C)twin study.
D)case study.
Q2) Distinguish between the self-report method and the projective method of personality assessment? State one major problem faced in each of the two types of assessment.
Q3) According to Jung's analytical theory,the term _____ refers to the passive feminine side in an individual.
A)persona
B)superego
C)anima
D)id
Q4) According to Rogers,unconditional positive regard,empathy,and genuineness are three essential ingredients of healthy human relations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the structures of personality conceptualized by Freud.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teresa asks herself whether she is as popular as Cathy.This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of
A)mere exposure.
B)effort justification.
C)reciprocity.
D)social comparison.
Q2) Adeline is a jury member in a criminal case.After hearing the attorneys,she decides that the accused in the case must be sentenced to life in prison without parole.However,after deliberating the case with the other members of the jury,she decides that the accused must be sentenced to death.Which of the following aspects of group decision is best exemplified in this scenario?
A)the bystander effect
B)social facilitation
C)risky shift
D)social loafing
Q3) Describe the investment model of close relationships.
Q4) Describe two social psychological effects that can be observed in the context of group performance.
Q5) Explain the social identity theory proposed by Henry Tajfel.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the contributions of W.Edwards Deming toward the "Japanese" management style.Where was his influence the greatest?
Q2) Ryan works as a software engineer at Sysinfo Inc. ,a software firm.He usually comes in early for work and stays late,beyond the normal working hours.He also assists his colleagues with assignments when they approach him for help.In this scenario,Ryan's conduct exemplifies
A)organizational citizenship behavior.
B)the Hawthorne effect.
C)the halo effect.
D)continuance commitment.
Q3) Robert is one of the several board members who are in charge of hiring a new CEO to run a company that has been showing signs of decline for several years.Which of the following types of leaders should the board be seeking?
A)a transactional leader
B)a transformational leader
C)an autocratic leader
D)a Theory X leader
Q4) Explain how job satisfaction is related to pay.
Q5) Briefly discuss general intelligence as a predictor of success at a job.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Derek has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APSD).Derek's counselor,Mary,believes that Derek's poor relationship with his alcoholic stepfather is a factor that contributed to Derek's psychological disorder.Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychological disorders conforms to Mary's beliefs in this scenario?
A)the biological approach
B)the anthropological approach
C)the sociocultural approach
D)the cognitive approach
Q2) Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes.He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs.If Alex doesn't wash his hands,he experiences overwhelming anxiety.In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders,it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with
A)autism spectrum disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Q3) Describe both the positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
Q4) Give a brief account of the sociocultural factors involved in suicide.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electroconvulsive therapy has replaced deep brain stimulation as the choice of treatment for severe depression.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following individuals is likely to benefit from well-being therapy (WBT)?
A)Wilma,who is in the terminal phase of cancer
B)Jill,who has a phobia of flying objects
C)Jack,who has a phobia of crowded places
D)Scott,who is suffering from everyday anxiety
Q3) Zainab completed her training to become a medical doctor and spent four years in a residency program specializing in psychological disorders.During her residency,she was trained in diagnosing disorders,understanding the effects of drug therapies on disorders,and practicing psychotherapy.In this case,Zainab is most likely a A)counselor.
B)psychologist.
C)psychiatrist.
D)occupational therapist.
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18
Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the criticisms of the stages of change model.
Q2) Dr.Isabelle studies the causes of childhood obesity and develops family- and school-based interventions.In the context of psychology,Dr.Isabelle is most likely interested in
A)public health.
B)human factors.
C)organizational psychology.
D)forensic psychology.
Q3) According to self-determination theory,intrinsic motivation refers to doing something because one wants to do it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ryan is sad because his girlfriend broke up with him.Ryan's father assures him that he has a lot of desirable traits and that he will forget about the relationship very soon.Which of the following types of social support is Ryan's father providing?
A)tangible assistance
B)information
C)emotional support
D)All of these.
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