Survey of Psychology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores major concepts, theories, and research findings across various branches of psychology, including biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will gain insight into both classic and contemporary psychological perspectives, develop critical thinking skills, and learn how psychological principles apply to everyday life. This foundational course serves as a basis for further study in the field of psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following statements,which is NOT a concept shared by psychologists?
A) Human beings are biological creatures.
B) Human lives are stable and unchanging.
C) Humans are different,yet very much the same.
D) Human behavior can be adaptive or maladaptive.
Answer: B
Q2) Discuss the earliest origins of psychology by comparing and contrasting the philosophical views of Plato and Aristotle.
Answer: The earliest origins of psychology are in the writings of the ancient Greek philosophers and their writings about the nature of life.Both Plato and Aristotle were philosophers who were interested in the nature of the mind.Plato believed that one could achieve a full understanding of the mind (or anything else)if one thought hard enough about it.His student,Aristotle,took Plato's ideas a step farther.Rather than simply thinking about life,Aristotle emphasized interaction with it.He advocated that one must observe,touch,and listen in order to learn.Aristotle's emphasis on observation forms the basis of all modern sciences.
Q3) Private thoughts,feelings,emotions and motives are referred to as ____________.
Answer: mental processes
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An experimenter wants to study the relationship between caffeine and reaction time.She assigns participants as follows: Group One receives 50 milligrams of caffeine;Group Two receives 100 milligrams of caffeine;Group Three receives 200 milligrams of caffeine;Group Four receives no caffeine.Twenty minutes later all participants complete the reaction-time test.In this experiment,which group was the control group?
A) Group Four
B) Group Three
C) Group Two
D) Group One
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Scott finds a correlation coefficient of +.73 between Variable H and Variable J.Which of the following is NOT a possible source of the correlation?
A) When people do a lot of Variable H,they are less likely to do Variable J.
B) Variable H causes Variable J.
C) Variable J causes Variable H.
D) Variables H and J are both caused by a third variable.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The purpose of the peripheral nervous system is to:
A) relay messages from the spinal cord to the brain
B) process simple reflexes
C) increase and decrease levels of neurotransmitters in the brain
D) support the central nervous system by transporting nutrients
Answer: A
Q2) In a polarized neuron,which of following correctly states the distribution of charges on each side of the membrane?
A) negative on the outside and positive on the inside
B) negative on the outside and negative on the inside
C) positive on the outside and positive on the inside
D) positive on the outside and negative on the inside
Answer: D
Q3) Bella is much too short for her age.Her doctor has identified her problem as due to too little of the:
A) pituitary gland's thyroxin.
B) pituitary gland's growth hormone.
C) thyroid gland's thyroxin.
D) thyroid gland's growth hormone.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent studies,women have been found to perform slightly better than men in: A) science.
B) mathematics.
C) spatial reasoning.
D) language skills.
Q2) How does evolutionary theory explain higher levels of dominance and aggression in men?
A) Stronger,more dominant men had better access to fertile women.
B) Men with better visual-spatial abilities were more attractive to women.
C) Differences in women's emotional skills allowed them to avoid aggression.
D) Access to many sexual partners caused testosterone levels to rise.
Q3) In recent studies,women have been found to perform slightly better than men in: A) perceptual speed.
B) social studies.
C) mathematics.
D) science.
Q4) Heredity and experiences always work together to influence our psychological characteristics.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The blind spot is the area of the retina:
A) where the cones are heavily concentrated.
B) in which no rods or cones exist.
C) where the rods are heavily concentrated.
D) where the fovea is located.
Q2) List four of the monocular depth perception cues,and describe how artists use these cues to create depth in paintings.
Q3) When a team of researchers had women inhale sweat collected from other women early in their menstrual cycles,the women inhaling the sweat:
A) became more sexually aggressive.
B) became more sexually receptive.
C) experienced accelerated menstrual cycles.
D) immediately ovulated.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a monocular depth perception cue?
A) linear perspective
B) convergence
C) accommodation
D) vertical position
Q5) High-pitched sounds stimulate hair cells near the ____________ window.
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about the use of marijuana?
A) It is clear that it does not cause physical or psychological harm.
B) It decreases the action of male sex hormones.
C) Stopping causes no uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
D) It increases the efficiency of cognitive processing.
Q2) In the United States,when we lose an hour of sleep with the changing of the clocks in the spring,the rate of deaths due to injury increases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Professor Den Hartog advises his class to "get a good night's sleep" prior to midterm examination.How will this help Professor Den Hartog's students with test performance?
A) If they sleep with the books under their pillows,they will subliminally retain small amounts of information.
B) They may actually dream about some of the answers to test questions.
C) Any information visually processed can be imprinted in the brain,similar to photographic memories.
D) REM sleep facilitates consolidation of newly learned material.
Q4) List and describe the five characteristics associated with the hypnotic state.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are trying to determine if classical or operant conditioning has taken place.Of the following,which question would be the best one to ask?
A) Does the individual's behavior determine the situation?
B) Is the individual engaging in a simple or complex behavior?
C) Is the reinforcement pleasant or unpleasant?
D) Does the learning occur quickly or does it require several pairings?
Q2) When Tolman trained rats to run a maze to obtain a food reward,and then blocked the original path,the rats immediately took the shortest route to the food.Tolman interpreted this finding as an indication that the rats had acquired:
A) neural connections between stimuli in the maze and particular muscle movements.
B) a cognitive map of the location of the food.
C) an excellent sense of smell.
D) learning that was not dependent on a food reward.
Q3) If you are being rewarded only after a specified number of responses,you are being reinforced on a ____________ schedule.
Q4) In using punishment,it is important to punish ____________ not people.
Q5) In Pavlov's classic experiments,the laboratory attendant became a ____________.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia.
Q2) Which observation BEST supports the theory that memories in long-term storage are highly organized?
A) When recalling an argument,people tend to recall their interpretation of events rather than the actual statements made.
B) When recalling childhood events,people tend to forget the painful experiences and remember the pleasant ones.
C) When recalling word lists,subjects tend to group related items even if they were not grouped in the original list.
D) When events are too painful to remember,people tend to repress those memories.
Q3) Matthew is shown a list of the 12 cranial nerves.Twenty seconds later,he can list them all and in the correct order.Matthew most likely:
A) rehearsed the list at least six times.
B) related each nerve to something meaningful in his life.
C) is a strong auditory learner.
D) chunked the list into meaningful groups.
Q4) In chronic alcoholism,thiamine deficiency can lead to ____________.
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10
Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you say that an IQ test is invalid,you are claiming that the test: A) is not appropriate for individuals with lower intelligence.
B) scores are changing over the course of an individual's life span.
C) scores predictions are limited to school success.
D) does not really measure intelligence.
Q2) Although not universally accepted among professionals,educational programs for the gifted are often partially based on the assumption that: A) creativity is more important than intelligence.
B) extremely bright children are at risk for psychological problems.
C) all children are gifted in some way.
D) gifted children are self-educators.
Q3) Describe and compare algorithmic and heuristic thinking.How effective is each of these methods?
Q4) Superordinate concepts have a medium degree of inclusiveness.
A)True B)False
Q5) The sounds "m" and "b" are examples of morphemes in the English language.
A)True B)False
Q6) List and describe the three steps in effective cognitive problem solving.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On average,how much time do fathers spend with their children under age 6 each day?
A) 26 minutes
B) 48 minutes
C) 1 hour
D) 95 minutes
Q2) In Gilligan's first stage of moral reasoning,moral judgments are based on:
A) service to others.
B) concern for self.
C) societal conventions.
D) equality.
Q3) Which statement is an accurate reflection of the friendships that develop before age 7?
A) They are typically not enduring or close.
B) They are friendships based in mutual interests and activities.
C) They are more important than ties with parents.
D) They consist of opposite-sex groups or cliques.
Q4) Breast budding,redistribution of fat,and pubic hair growth are all ____________ sex characteristics.
Q5) Summarize the physical changes associated with puberty for males and females.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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213 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relationship between sexual desire and emotions is BEST supported by the fact that:
A) individuals will not engage in sexual activity without some degree of affection for the partner.
B) many couples wait for marriage before they begin sexual activity.
C) anxiety and depression tend to lower sexual desire.
D) emotions do not play a role unless the culture dictates that emotions are important.
Q2) The refractory period is a time when:
A) neither men nor women can be restimulated to orgasm.
B) men and women feel so physically tired that they cannot continue with sexual activity.
C) men cannot be re-stimulated to erection.
D) women experience multiple orgasmic peaks.
Q3) Of the following,which is the BEST example of intrinsic motivation?
A) scuba diving as part of a rescue mission
B) scuba diving to find sunken treasure
C) scuba diving because your husband wants you to learn to scuba dive
D) scuba diving with delight in underwater scenery
Q4) Mouth dryness and total blood volume are cues in the regulation of
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
A) Freud placed too much emphasis on positive aspects of personality and relationships.
B) Freud placed too little emphasis on unconscious sexual motivation and aggression.
C) Freud's theory was highly critical of men.
D) Freud placed too little importance on social relationships.
Q2) According to Freud,developing a degree of competence in the areas of schoolwork,sports,and playing house is the primary goal in the:
A) phallic stage.
B) latency stage.
C) genital stage.
D) anal stage.
Q3) Explain Bandura's concepts of self-efficacy and self-regulation and why he believed they were critical to healthy personality development.
Q4) In a projective test,individuals must select an answer in a multiple-choice,true-false,or yes-no format.
A)True
B)False
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14
Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Concentrate just on the muscles in your feet.Now make those muscles tense as hard as you can.Now relax those muscles.Can you feel the difference?" These instructions are used to teach:
A) Lamaze birthing methods.
B) transcendental meditation.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) therapeutic massage.
Q2) Many victims of molestation cannot remember the incident as adults.This is an example of:
A) displacement.
B) projection.
C) rationalization.
D) repression.
Q3) Taylor and colleagues proposed that,rather than the flight-or-flight response typical of males,females tend to respond to stress with the "____________" response.
Q4) It has been estimated that ______ minutes of exercise will raise your heart rate
Q5) Describe two studies that support the importance of social support in managing stress.
Q6) ____________ is stress that results from the threat of a negative event.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In ____________ schizophrenia,an individual displays hallucinations and delusions as well as fragmented and chaotic speech.
Q2) What is generally forgotten in dissociative amnesia?
A) everything after a stressful event
B) everything before a stressful event
C) everything before a stressful event and the stressful event
D) the stressful event
Q3) The major difference between conversion disorders and somatoform pain disorders is that:
A) conversion disorders are a milder form of somatoform pain disorders.
B) in addition to physical complaints,somatoform pain disorders often involve depression,whereas conversion disorders do not.
C) somatoform pain disorders involve a specific and chronic pain,whereas conversion disorders involve other types of somatic symptoms.
D) conversion disorders serve to relieve the individual from some responsibility,whereas somatoform pain disorders do not.
Q4) In the practice of ____________,an individual gains sexual gratification by exposing his genitals to unsuspecting strangers.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following BEST fits the definition of psychotherapy?
A) getting effective advice for making major life decisions
B) talking about one's problems with an objective listener
C) participating in a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous
D) seeking professional help to manage a psychological problem
Q2) Maladaptive beliefs,expectations,and ways of thinking are addressed in:
A) free association.
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) cognitive restructuring.
D) interpersonal therapy.
Q3) ____________ is a specialized process in which a trained professional uses psychological methods to help people solve psychological problems.
Q4) ____________ is any form of opposition on the part of the patient to the process of psychoanalysis.
Q5) Which technique is a vital part of social skills training?
A) interpretation of personal behaviors
B) graded exposure
C) role-playing
D) unconditional positive regard
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) "If you hear yourself say it,you'll find yourself believing it." This statement is MOST akin to:
A) diffusion of responsibility.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.
Q2) According to your text,a stereotype is a(n):
A) inaccurate generalization on which a prejudice is based.
B) harmful attitude based on inaccurate generalizations about a group of people.
C) attitude in which a person believes that the values of their culture are superior to other cultures.
D) way of treating others that diminishes their value.
Q3) Attitudes can be created through:
A) classically conditioned experiences.
B) modeling.
C) reinforcement.
D) all of these.
Q4) An individual who experiences ____________ will tend to change their attitudes to match their behavior.
Q5) The importance of first impressions has been termed the ____________.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other
Professions
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ refers to the inability of a woman or a minority to rise beyond a certain level of leadership.
Q2) In an experiment involving a simulated trial,of the 59 jurors who were "low in willingness to impose the death penalty," how many voted to acquit the defendant?
A) 19
B) 24
C) 32
D) 40
Q3) Project Follow Through was an educational experiment in which researchers were asked to develop educational programs for ____________ children.
Q4) Jurors who are which of the following are MORE likely to convict the defendant,independent of the facts of the case?
A) poorly educated
B) politically conservative
C) black
D) young
Q5) List the strategies that employers can use to minimize social loafing on the job.
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