Survey of Psychology Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology offers an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering fundamental concepts, theories, and major research findings, the course explores topics such as biological underpinnings of behavior, learning, memory, sensation, perception, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Through an overview of classic and contemporary studies, students gain a broad understanding of psychological principles and how they apply to everyday life, preparing them for further study and enriching their understanding of human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Psychology Concepts and Applications 3rd Edition by Jeffrey S.
Nevid Ph.D
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14 Chapters
2206 Verified Questions
2206 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluate the fundamentals of experimental research.Use examples. Answer:
Experimental research allows one to establish cause-and-effect relationships.In an experiment,one variable is systematically controlled and its effects on another variable are measured.The variable that is controlled is referred to as the independent variable.The variable that is measured is referred to as the dependent variable.For example,one might be interested in whether a new teaching technique is more effective than another in terms of student performance.In this case,teaching technique is the independent variable and student performance is the dependent variable.There would have to be at least two groups,one of which is taught using a traditional method (referred to as the control group)and another of which is taught using the new technique (experimental group).Ultimately,the performance of the control group would be compared to the performance of the experimental group.Perhaps the most important consideration in an experiment is ensuring variables other than the independent variable are not responsible for differences between the groups.For example,in evaluating different teaching techniques,you would have to consider who is teaching,the time of day of the classes,the motivational levels of the students,and many other factors.The more similar the two groups are in factors other than the independent variable,the more likely that changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone is involved in regulating blood sugar levels?
A) noradrenaline
B) insulin
C) adrenaline
D) glucose
E) oxytocin
Answer: B
Q2) When split-brain patients are shown pictures of objects presented on the left side of the visual field,they can frequently identify the object by touch,even though they cannot name the object verbally.This illustrates
A) the importance of the right hemisphere in producing language.
B) the importance of the left hemisphere in processing tactile stimulation.
C) the importance of the left hemisphere in producing language.
D) the normalcy of information processing in split-brain patients.
E) the hemispheric divisions of the eye and brain connections.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Austin experiences motion sickness on his first cruise vacation.From which two senses has Austin received conflicting information?
A) kinesthesis and visual
B) kinesthesis and olfactory
C) vestibular and visual
D) vestibular and olfactory
E) audition and olfactory
Answer: C
Q2) Differentiate between absolute and difference thresholds.
Answer: The absolute threshold is the minimum amount of a stimulus that can be reliably detected.The exact amount is determined by presenting a subject with stimuli of various intensities.The intensity that people can detect 50% of the time is absolute threshold.The different threshold (or just-noticeable difference)is the smallest amount of difference between two stimuli that can be detected.This amount is not constant.Rather,the larger a stimulus is,the more it must be changed to create a just-noticeable difference.
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological effects of LSD are best described as A) unknown.
B) consistent and predictable.
C) consistent,but unpredictable.
D) variable,but predictable.
E) variable and unpredictable.
Q2) Sociocultural factors that might increase the probability that an individual will begin to abuse drugs or alcohol include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A) cultural beliefs and customs that encourage alcohol or drug use
B) unemployment
C) identification with subculture groups that sanction drug use
D) peer pressure and the desire to 'fit in'
E) unusually low levels of dopamine
Q3) In meditation,a mantra is a
A) type of dance.
B) sound or phrase.
C) type of song.
D) breathing technique.
E) seating position.
Q4) Summarize the various theories of hypnosis.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding classical conditioning,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Immune system responses can be classically conditioned.
B) Drug cravings and taste aversions can be acquired through classical conditioning.
C) Feelings of nostalgia can be elicited by stimuli that were associated with pleasant experiences in the past.
D) Taste aversions can be acquired with a single pairing of a food or drink and a nausea-inducing stimulus.
E) While classical conditioning is effective in creating phobias,its principles are not particularly useful in therapy to address phobias.
Q2) Operant conditioning is also known as
A) classical conditioning.
B) vicarious learning.
C) observational learning.
D) instrumental learning.
E) cognitive learning
Q3) List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.
Q4) Summarize the three types of cognitive learning.
Q5) Summarize how classical conditioning is achieved.
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Chapter 6: Memory
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In memory,as time passes between learning and recall,
A) both the primacy and recency effects weaken.
B) neither the primacy nor the recency effects weaken.
C) the primacy but not the recency effect weakens.
D) the recency but not the primacy effect weakens.
E) the recency effect becomes stronger and the primacy effect weakens.
Q2) What is the current status of research on memory-enhancing drugs?
A) Mixed evidence for the effectiveness of the drugs in memory enhancement among normal individuals
B) Strong evidence that the drugs enhance memory in normal individuals
C) Strong evidence that the drugs enhance memory in normal individuals,but only if the drugs are taken for at least two years
D) Strong evidence that the drugs enhance memory in normal individuals,but only if combined with memory retraining exercises
E) No compelling scientific evidence that the drugs enhance memory in normal individuals
Q3) Summarize the three-stage model of memory.
Q4) Summarize some of the more commonly used mnemonics.
Q5) Describe three theories of forgetting.
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Chapter 7: Thinking, language, and Intelligence
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding mental retardation,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Low IQ scores are sufficient to determine mental retardation.
B) Most individuals with mental retardation fall in a mild range of severity.
C) Many children with mental retardation are placed in regular classrooms.
D) The causes of mental retardation can be biological,environmental,or both.
E) About 1 to 2 percent of those with mental retardation have severe delays in all areas of development.
Q2) Regarding the effects of nature and nurture in intelligence,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Heritability estimates of intelligence range from 50 to 75 percent.
B) Home environments emphasizing verbal interaction and reading can influence children's intellectual development.
C) Twin and adoptee studies provide strong evidence for the influence of genetics on intelligence.
D) Genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways in shaping intelligence.
E) Heredity influences intelligence in infancy and childhood,but not during adolescence and adulthood.
Q3) Discuss the nature-nurture issue as it applies to intelligence.
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drive reduction is
A) acting upon instincts.
B) an increase in homeostasis.
C) a decrease in homeostasis.
D) satisfaction of a state of bodily tension.
E) the "pull" of a goal or reward.
Q2) What is an instinct?
A) a drive that is acquired through experience
B) a factor that activates,directs,and sustains goal-directed behavior
C) an innate pattern of responding that is species-specific
D) an internal state that prompts stimulation-seeking behavior
E) an innate reward or other stimulus that motivates one to act
Q3) Generalizing from Zuckerman's research on sensation seeking,which of the following statements best describes a sensation-seeker?
A) prefers being with familiar people over meeting new people
B) prefers sleeping in a comfortable bed and room over camping out
C) would probably not be interested in trying hypnosis
D) seeks to maintain a high level of arousal
E) prefers quiet parties to wild ones
Q4) Outline steps you can take to control your anger.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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201 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the correct order of stages in prenatal development?
A) germinal,embryonic,fetal
B) germinal,fetal,embryonic
C) embryonic,germinal,fetal
D) embryonic,fetal,germinal
E) fetal,germinal,embryonic
Q2) If Gertrude is like the average woman,she can expect to experience menopause in her
A) late thirties or early forties.
B) mid-forties.
C) late forties or early fifties.
D) mid-fifties.
E) late fifties or early sixties.
Q3) Which theorist identified stages of psychosocial development?
A) Lev Vygotsky
B) Mary Ainsworth
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg
E) Erik Erikson
Q4) Describe the stages of prenatal development.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Psychology and Health
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the stress response,_______ is to corticotrophin-releasing hormone as ______ is to adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
A) pituitary gland; hypothalamus
B) adrenal gland; hypothalamus
C) adrenal gland; pituitary gland
D) hypothalamus; adrenal gland
E) hypothalamus; pituitary gland
Q2) Based on your reading of the text,all but which of the following behaviors is recommended for cancer prevention?
A) get regular medical exams and use methods of early detection
B) if using alcohol,limit consumption to 3 drinks per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men
C) avoid use of tobacco
D) limit exposure to the sun
E) maintain a healthy weight and physically active lifestyle
Q3) Discuss five psychological factors that moderate the effects of stress.
Q4) Discuss nine ways in which people can remove distress from stress.
Q5) Describe ten strategies to reduce the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease.
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Chapter 11: Personality
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the importance of an individual's efficacy expectations,by which is meant _____.
A) our expectations about whether our efforts can achieve desired outcomes or whether outcomes are influenced by factors outside our control
B) our predictions regarding the outcomes of behaviors
C) our beliefs about our own abilities to perform tasks we set out to accomplish
D) our ability to plan courses of action to achieve our goals and to reward ourselves for accomplishing our goals
E) our idealized sense of who and what we should be
Q2) What is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
A) anal,oral,latency,phallic,genital
B) oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital
C) oral,anal,latency,phallic,genital
D) oral,phallic,anal,latency,genital
E) anal,oral,phallic,latency,genital
Q3) Discuss the two major categories of personality tests.
Q4) Describe Freud's psychosexual stages of development,including their approximate ages,erogenous zones,and sources of conflict.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the diathesis-stress model of explaining schizophrenia,which of the following factors would represent a psychosocial influence?
A) childhood brain damage
B) prenatal brain trauma
C) failure in school
D) loss of a loved one
E) being raised in an abusive family environment
Q2) Genetic studies demonstrate that the concordance rate for schizophrenia is
A) highest among family members.
B) highest among monozygotic twins.
C) highest among dyzygotic twins.
D) highest among distant family members.
E) similar across different groups.
Q3) Which theorists are associated with the humanistic model of understanding behavior?
A) Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud
B) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
C) John B.Watson and Ivan Pavlov
D) Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck
E) Erik Erikson and Carl Jung
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Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with unpleasant or negative stimuli describes the key principle of
A) systematic desensitization.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) in vivo exposure.
D) gradual exposure therapy.
E) virtual therapy.
Q2) During which decade did the community health system begin to take shape in the United States?
A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
E) 1980s
Q3) Summarize the major approaches to psychotherapy.
Q4) Describe the three primary categories of psychotropic drugs.
Q5) Explain the steps people can take to find qualified mental health professionals.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to a person from a collectivist culture,a person from an individualistic culture
A) is less prone to make the fundamental attribution error.
B) has a greater tendency to make situational attributions for the behavior of others.
C) is more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.
D) emphasizes external causes of behavior to explain the behavior of others.
E) relies little on dispositional causes in making attributions.
Q2) A community organization sponsors a talk arguing against increased military spending.Who should they contract to give the talk?
A) an avowed pacifist
B) a civilian
C) a person who actively avoided military service
D) a military officer
E) a person with mixed views on the subject
Q3) Summarize the Asch study on conformity.
Q4) Summarize the Milgram study on obedience.
Q5) Describe 4 manipulative sales techniques.
Q6) Discuss some of the influences on helping behavior.
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