Survey of Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course covers foundational topics including biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. By examining theoretical perspectives, current research, and real-world applications, students gain a broad understanding of psychological concepts and how they apply to daily life, human interactions, and contemporary issues.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 4th Canadian Edition by Carole
Wade
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ali's mother asks her to describe what she is learning in her psychology class. Ali responds by saying, "I can give you an example about psychology." Which of the following gives the most accurate view of psychology?
A) Turning on the radio to hear a call-in talk show facilitated by a therapist
B) Watching a television talk show together to listen to psychological explanations of abnormal behaviour
C) Taking a self-help book off the shelf and reading about human motivation
D) Picking up the newspaper and showing her mom an article based on empirical research
Answer: D
Q2) The majority of psychological practitioners are school psychologists. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research
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Q1) Psychologists measure test-retest reliability by giving the same test twice to the same group of people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When Dana takes a personality test, she is told that the test has been judged to have criterion validity, that is:
A) it produces the same results from one time to the next.
B) its results are compared to established standards of performance.
C) it measures what it is designed to measure.
D) it predicts other criteria of the personality trait in question.
Answer: D
Q3) Which variable does the experimenter manipulate?
A) The confounding variable
B) The control variable
C) The dependent variable
D) The independent variable
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly explain Darwin's theory regarding language.
Answer: A good answer will include the following key point.
* Darwin thought the human brain had a unique module that prepared it for learning and using language.
Q2) An intelligence quotient is a measure of intelligence originally computed by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) PKU (phenylketonuria) is a disorder that:
A) is correlated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia.
B) always causes mental retardation.
C) prevents the body from assimilating protein.
D) is made worse when the person lives in stressful family circumstances.
Answer: C
Q4) Scientists have identified at least two genes that are responsible for language. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only sense that completely bypasses the thalamus is:
A) smell.
B) vision.
C) hearing.
D) taste.
Q2) Endorphins play a role in all of the following EXCEPT:
A) learning.
B) blood pressure.
C) REM sleep.
D) mood.
Q3) ________ is a procedure that is used by researchers as a "virtual" and temporary method to lesion the brain.
A) microelectrode recording
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) positron-emission tomography
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation
Q4) Many contemporary cognitive psychologists suggest that the brain consists of modules and that the self is an illusion. In what way is this view consistent with the teachings of Eastern spiritual traditions?
Q5) Why is the sympathetic nervous system compared to the accelerator of a car?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who said that dreams are NOT "children of an idle brain"?
A) Allan Hobson
B) William Shakespeare
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Rosalind Cartwright
Q2) In a study of mood changes in men and women, women had twice the number of mood swings over the course of a month.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Drugs that have been declared illegal:
A) have more negative effects on health than legal drugs.
B) are more addicting than legal drugs.
C) have no known medical uses.
D) may actually be safer, in some cases, than some legal drugs.
Q4) Describe the common effects of barbiturates.
Q5) Describe the results of abuse/addiction to tobacco.
Q6) Describe the results of abuse/addiction to amphetamines.
Q7) Nicotine is as addictive as heroin.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rods and cones are connected by synapses to ________, which in turn communicate with ________.
A) ganglion cells; photoreceptors cells
B) photoreceptor cells; ganglion cells
C) bipolar neurons; ganglion cells
D) ganglion cells; bipolar neurons
Q2) It is most difficult for humans to localize sounds that are coming from the right or left sides of their head.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The outer edges of the retina, which are responsible for peripheral vision, contain only cones.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The centre of the tongue contains no taste buds and cannot produce any taste sensation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what way does the lens of the eye operate differently than the lens of a camera?
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Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) B. F. Skinner, a kind and mild-mannered man, won the 1972 Humanist of the Year Award.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is called a conditioned response.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response is called:
A) instinctive drift.
B) discrimination.
C) extinction.
D) counterconditioning.
Q4) Stimulus discrimination occurs when, after conditioning, an organism responds to a stimulus that resembles the stimulus involved in the original conditioning.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What situation led Keller and Marian Breland to propose the concept of instinctive drift?
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Chapter 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solomon Asch designed his famous conformity studies in order to see what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that is necessary before prejudice and conflict between groups can be lessened?
A) Both sides must have the chance to work and socialize together.
B) Both sides must work together for a common goal.
C) Both sides must have equal legal status and power.
D) Both sides must initiate moral conversions among their members.
Q3) In Milgram's study on obedience only one person obeyed to the fullest extent.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One way in which organizations actively promote the deindividuation of their members, in order to enhance allegiance to the group, is through the use of uniforms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define ethnic identity and acculturation.
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Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms, they would rate a condom as effective if they were told:
A) that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the AIDS virus.
B) any of the options listed here, because each option describes the same probability.
C) that the condom had a 5% failure rate in protecting against the AIDS virus.
D) that the condom had a 95% success rate in protecting against the AIDS virus.
Q2) The formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:
A) the formula did not make sense for use with adults.
B) it overemphasized performance IQ in the computations.
C) the formula did not separate the "g factor" from specific abilities.
D) it overemphasized verbal IQ in the computations.
Q3) In the 1950s, a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader. How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.
Q4) How do psychometric and cognitive approaches to intelligence compare?
Q5) Binet's method of figuring IQ had two serious flaws. Describe these flaws.
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Chapter 10: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The PDP model of memory represents the contents of memory as connections among a huge number of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network and all operating in parallel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information.
A)Source misattribution
B)Confabulation
C)Explicit memory
D)Implicit memory
E)Priming
Q3) ________ is a memory system that includes short-term memory and information retrieved from long-term memory.
A) Working memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Declarative memory
Q4) Information is organized and indexed in long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his book, The Stress of Life, Hans Selye wrote that many different environmental stressors, such as heat or cold, pain or danger, disrupt the body's equilibrium and lead to a three-phase physiological reaction. Create your own example of an environmental stressor and then provide details of each of the three phases.
Q2) Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a German-Canadian business session?
A) The Canadians will complain that the Germans are excessively cheerful.
B) The Germans will complain that the Canadians hide their real feelings behind a smile.
C) The Canadians will complain that the Germans smile too much when hiding embarrassment.
D) The Germans will complain that the Canadians are too cold and aloof.
Q3) Which occupation would be more likely to require emotion work as a job requirement?
A) architect
B) computer analyst
C) accountant
D) customer service representative
Q4) Why is it that when you are wildly in love, you may not want to eat?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tate is motivated by performance goals. Tate is likely to:
A) make an effort to show competence.
B) try, and then try again when the first effort doesn't succeed.
C) feel intrinsic pleasure in the task he is mastering.
D) determine how a particular mistake can be "his friend."
Q2) Many female university students have sex because of feelings of inadequacy and peer pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The need for ________ is a learned motive to meet personal standards of success and excellence in a chosen area.
A) achievement
B) performance
C) power
D) status
Q4) Studies on the biology of desire indicate that:
A) lowering testosterone causes a loss of sexual desire.
B) testosterone directly causes sexual arousal in men and women.
C) women and men are physically opposite.
D) sexual activity produces higher levels of testosterone.
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Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emotional attachment is a universal capacity of all primates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Technically, the eighth week following conception marks the beginning stage of the: A) prenatal period.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) embryo.
Q3) Puberty is defined as the age at which a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Parents who listen to the child's concerns and set reasonable limits are:
A) inconsistent parents.
B) authoritative parents.
C) authoritarian parents.
D) permissive parents.
Q5) What strategies would encourage the development of empathy in a child? Illustrate one of the strategies with a specific example.
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Chapter 14: Theories of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In social-cognitive theories, ________ is the two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
A) observational learning
B) sublimation
C) displacement
D) reciprocal determinism
Q2) Although defence mechanisms distort reality, they also protect us from anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Psychodynamic theorists work backward, creating theories based on themes in adults' recollections.
A)True
B)False
Q4) psychosexual stages of development
A)Gordon Allport
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Karen Horney
D)Sigmund Freud
E)Melanie Klein
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beginning in adolescence, women are more likely than men to develop a ruminating, introspective style of cognition, rehearsing the reasons for their unhappiness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain why one depression researcher wrote that "Women think and men drink."
Q3) Obsessive-compulsive disorder may involve a brain abnormality in the:
A) thalamus.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) amygdala.
D) hippocampus.
Q4) Compared to women, men derive less satisfaction from work and have a lower status, which leads to depression.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Critics of the DSM argue that normal boy behaviours, such as being rambunctious, refusing to nap, and not listening to teachers, are being pathologized.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz won a Nobel Prize for inventing the prefrontal lobotomy operation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Prefrontal lobotomy procedures were performed extensively in Europe but were not frequent procedures in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following focuses on a person's free will to change and to self-actualize, rather than focusing on past conflicts?
A) humanist
B) behaviour
C) family
D) cognitive
Q4) In establishing a bond with clients, therapists must distinguish normal cultural patterns from individual psychological problems.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What physical side effects are associated with antidepressant drugs?
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