Survey of Psychology Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, providing an overview of major topics within the field. Core themes include biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Through the examination of classic studies, contemporary research, and real-world applications, students gain foundational knowledge and critical thinking skills to better understand themselves and others from a psychological perspective. The course is designed for both majors and non-majors, offering a comprehensive introduction to the theories, methods, and findings in modern psychology.
Recommended Textbook
What is Psychology Foundations Applications and Integration 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino
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14 Chapters
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Any object or event that is perceived by our senses is called a(n)____.
A)diathesis
B)reinforcer
C)stimulus
D)sensation
Answer: C
Q2) Compared to a clinical psychologist,a counseling psychologist is more likely to
A)prescribe medicine
B)have earned an M.D. degree
C)provide therapy to people with life adjustment problems
D)see clients who have serious mental health disorders
Answer: C
Q3) In a debate,which psychologist would argue most strongly that humans possess free will and the ability to change their own destiny?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Ivan Pavlov
C)Wilhelm Wundt
D)Carl Rogers
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Hebda injects a large dose of the neurotransmitter glutamate into the brain of a living rat.What effect would this most likely have on the rat?
A)The rat will become much more intelligent.
B)The rat will experience the death of many neurons.
C)The rat will become very hungry.
D)The rat will exhibit symptoms of schizophrenia.
Answer: B
Q2) Hormones in the endocrine system ____.
A)have a shorter-lasting effect than neurotransmitters in the nervous system
B)exert a quicker effect than neurotransmitters in the nervous system
C)are regulated by the hippocampus, which is part of the nervous system
D)are primarily released by special organs in the body in response to signals from the pituitary gland
Answer: D
Q3) The parasympathetic nervous system ____.
A)is a branch of the somatic nervous system
B)helps return heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration to normal levels
C)governs voluntary motor actions
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dave was driving down the highway when he saw something up ahead in the road.At first he thought it was an animal,but it turned out to be a ladder.Dave's initial perception of the animal is most likely due to ____.
A)bottom-up perceptual processing
B)top-down perceptual processing
C)closure
D)good-continuation
Answer: B
Q2) Using your previous experiences to perceive something is ____,while relying only upon the immediate stimulus properties to perceive something is ____.
A)common sense; scientific
B)bottom-up processing; top-down processing
C)scientific; common sense
D)top-down processing; bottom-up processing
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is TRUE about nicotine and smoking?
A)Nicotine is far less addictive than it was once thought to be.
B)Nicotine elevates levels of dopamine, producing pleasure.
C)Most adult smokers started smoking after the age of 21.
D)Even in low doses, nicotine impairs attention and memory.
Q2) Michelle has three young children and sleeps an average of five hours a night.
Which of the following is Michelle most likely to experience?
A)A person who does not get enough sleep is most likely to ____.
B)have difficulties succeeding in school and work
C)have a decreased immune response
D)become mentally ill
Q3) Because genetics appear to influence one's need for sleep,it would be expected that
A)identical twins would be more similar in their sleep needs than fraternal twins
B)fraternal twins would be more similar in their sleep needs than identical twins
C)individuals raised in the same home would have similar sleep needs
D)individuals raised in the same culture would have similar sleep needs
Q4) Define tolerance and substance dependence,and describe how they are related.
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Chapter 5: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) What is a common characteristic of a person with bulimia?
A)male
B)mid- to late 20s
C)average to slightly above average weight
D)usually binges with others
Q2) When visiting Japan,it may be helpful to know that,in general,the Japanese ____.
A)use the same facial expression as you to denote happiness
B)will not use any of the same facial expressions that you use for any of your emotions
C)use the same expressions you use for anger and fear, but not for happiness and sadness
D)use the same expressions you use for happiness, but not for sadness
Q3) Wendy suffers from anorexia.Which characteristic is Wendy most likely to have?
A)optimism
B)extroversion
C)narcissism
D)perfectionism
Q4) Name,in the correct order,the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Q5) Are emotions understood across cultures? Explain your response.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Albert Bandura found through his research that ____.
A)rats who had previously wandered through a maze learned it faster once they began being rewarded for making it to the end
B)when left on their own, cats would eventually find their way out of a box through a process of trial and error
C)children will readily imitate the behavior of aggressive adults as long as the adults were not punished
D)chimpanzees did not need to use trial-and-error to determine how to use a stick to reach a banana, indicating that learning can occur without behaving
Q2) Thorndike concluded that his cats were learning because ____.
A)they ran to the normal feeding spot whenever the can opener was turned on
B)the number of eye blinks decreased after being exposed to conditioning techniques
C)they responded to a light whenever food was presented to them
D)across repeated placements in a box, it took them a shorter amount of time to get out of the box
Q3) Explain the difference between habituation and dishabituation.
Q4) Explain the four steps in Bandura's modeling process.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the H.M.case study and what it suggests about memory.
Q2) Damage to the ____ of the brain is most likely to result in a person developing anterograde amnesia.
A)hypothalamus
B)cerebellum
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus
Q3) When you attempt to remember the definition of implicit memory by repeating the definition over and over again,you are using ____ rehearsal.
A)elaborative
B)maintenance
C)rote
D)repetitive
Q4) Which of these types of memory is most affected by normal aging?
A)position memory
B)primacy memory
C)serial memory
D)recency memory
Q5) Use the SQ3R method.
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Chapter 8: Cognition, language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The finding that the constant use of male pronouns (he,him,his)when speaking about hypothetical people in general language can influence gender stereotyping provides support for the ____.
A)strong form of Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis
B)nature side of the nature-nurture language debate
C)weaker version of Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis
D)language acquisition device theory formulated by Noam Chomsky
Q2) Mental images of the world around us seem to consist primarily of both ____.
A)visual images and verbal knowledge
B)abstract concepts, sensory impressions, and images
C)tactile images and emotional responses
D)digital and analog images
Q3) Psychologists conduct image scanning studies in order to better understand ____.
A)creativity and problem solving
B)insight
C)knowledge
D)mental representations
Q4) Outline the stages of typical language acquisition for a newborn infant until around two years of age.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Q1) In the sensorimotor stage,Piaget believed that the child ____.
A)does not have the ability to coordinate sensory and motor abilities
B)uses senses and motor reflexes as tools to generate complex thought
C)cannot think about something unless it is being sensed or acted upon in some way
D)is capable of understanding object permanence but can only communicate this understanding through sensory and motor reflexes
Q2) About ____ weeks after conception,embryo's ovaries or testes,have formed although the embryo's sex is not apparent by ultrasound.
A)two
B)four
C)six
D)eight
Q3) Describe the visual abilities of a newborn infant.
Q4) On television,female characters are most likely to be depicted as ____.
A)very active
B)a wise expert
C)dominant
D)emotional
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you listen to an advertisement for a cellular phone service and pay particular attention to the information provided about the long-distance plan,the coverage,and the clarity of the calls,you are using the ____.
A)dissonance model of persuasion
B)peripheral route to persuasion
C)central route to persuasion
D)cognitive consistency model of persuasion
Q2) Zimbardo's prison study illustrates that ____.
A)individuals conform to information provided by a group even when the group is wrong
B)playing a role can cause a person to lose sight of internal values
C)even in an emergency, many will not help others in need
D)superordinate goals can lead to reduced conflict between groups
Q3) The fundamental attribution error is more likely to be committed by ____.
A)men than women
B)women than men
C)collectivistic cultures than individualistic cultures
D)individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures
Q4) Describe the fundamental attribution error and give two specific examples.
Q5) Describe the five steps of helping as proposed by John Darley and Bibb Latané.
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Chapter 11: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gordon Allport believed that there are three types of personality traits: ____.
A)source, primary, and secondary
B)surface, internal, and tertiary
C)central, secondary, and cardinal
D)self, external, and social
Q2) Raymond Cattell determined that there were 16 basic traits that could describe differences in personality.He called these ____ traits.
A)source
B)cardinal
C)primary
D)secondary
Q3) What is the difference between conditional and unconditional positive regard?
Q4) In psychoanalytic theory,preconscious is to ____ awareness,as unconscious is to ____ awareness.
A)current; past
B)imperfect; perfect
C)deep; superficial
D)potential; lack of
Q5) Describe how Karen Horney differed from Freud's original psychoanalytic views.
Page 13
Q6) Compare the purpose and use of the MMPI-2 and the Rorschach Inkblot test.
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Chapter 12: Health, stress, and Coping
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Q1) Which of the following is most likely to occur in the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A)the body's resources begin to dwindle
B)headaches, backaches, and insomnia
C)heart rate and blood pressure begin to increase
D)immune function decreases dangerously
Q2) Dr.Raneri is studying which personality traits are not good for our health.Dr.Raneri is most likely to find that ____,____,and ____ are most related to poor health.
A)hardiness, competitiveness, lack of control
B)hostility, lack of control, learned helplessness
C)competitiveness, time urgency, learned helplessness
D)commitment, anger, time urgency
Q3) A person who is described as patient,relaxed,and good-natured would be considered a ____.
A)Type A personality
B)Type B personality
C)hardy personality
D)strong personality
Q4) Identify three specific defense mechanisms and provide an example for each one.
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Chapter 13: Mental Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you examined the DSM-5,you should expect to find a description of the
A)causes of mental health disorders
B)treatments of mental health disorders
C)symptoms of mental health disorders
D)social norms for assessment
Q2) A person who has anorexia nervosa and does not eat to the extent that most people do specifically fits the ____ criteria for distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior.
A)"personal distress"
B)"statistical infrequency"
C)"danger to self or others"
D)"level of impairment"
Q3) Which of the following is most likely to involve short,but intense periods of anxiety?
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)social phobia
C)posttraumatic stress disorder
D)panic disorder
Q4) Describe the differences between dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.
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Chapter 14: Mental Health Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how computer technology has influenced psychotherapy.
Q2) Describe two behavior therapy techniques that are based on operant conditioning principles.
Q3) The assumption of behavior therapy is that ____.
A)all behavior is the product of thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions
B)abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes, but normal behavior is learned from the environment
C)normal behavior is learned from the environment, but abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes
D)both normal and abnormal behaviors are learned from the environment
Q4) A person who has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder in need of therapy will generally seek out ____.
A)only a psychiatrist
B)only a psychotherapist
C)only a psychoanalyst
D)a psychiatrist or a psychotherapist--or both
Q5) Alsoomse,who is a very shy person from an Indian reservation out West,wants to learn to feel more comfortable with people.Why did the counseling center at his college suggest group therapy for Alsoome?
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