Survey of Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores major concepts, theories, and research findings across key subfields of psychology, including biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social dynamics. Students will gain foundational knowledge of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and will develop critical thinking skills for evaluating psychological information. This course serves as a broad overview, preparing students for further study in specialized areas of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 3rd Canadian by Dr. Wayne Weiten
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is suggested by the word "critical" in the term "critical thinking"?
A)Effective critical thinkers tend to be judgmental of others' views.
B)Thinking is essential to success in our culture.
C)Critical thinkers are vigilant about their thinking.
D)The skills of effective thinking are learned early in life.
Answer: C
Q2) Currently a large proportion of the North American population is overweight. Dr. Laker thinks that this may be due to an innate preference for foods that are rich in fats and sugars. Dr. Laker has suggested that in times when foods were not so readily available, this innate preference would ensure enough calories for energy and survival. Which type of psychologist is Dr. Laker?
A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)cross-cultural
D)evolutionary
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 1: B: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following premises means that knowledge should be acquired through observation?
A)philosophy
B)empiricism
C)subjectivity
D)introspection
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is partly responsible for Donald Hebb's tremendous impact on the field of psychology?
A)his discovery that the hemispheres of the brain are specialized for different tasks
B)his collaborative work with Roger Sperry
C)his focus on the study of children's development
D)his book, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 2: A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Konrad dislikes completing questionnaires, so each time he fills one out he always circles the same answer, such as "strongly agree" or "strongly disagree." What tendency does Konrad's behaviour reflect?
A)placebo effect
B)sampling bias
C)social desirability
D)response set
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following questions best represents the logic of hypothesis testing?
A)Are the scores of the experimental group lower than the scores of the control group?
B)Is any observed difference between the groups too large to have easily occurred by chance?
C)Are the scores of the experimental group higher than the scores of the control group?
D)Does the experimental group differ from the control group on the independent variable?
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In experimental research, which subjects do NOT receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable?
A)those in the correlational group
B)those in the observational group
C)those in the control group
D)those in the experimental group
Q2) Which of the following is a research strategy that minimizes the potential methodological problems associated with the placebo effect and experimenter bias?
A)blind sample procedure
B)single blind procedure
C)neutral sample procedure
D)double blind procedure
Q3) What are descriptive statistics?
A)numerical indexes of the degree of relationship between two variables
B)indicators of the probability that the observed findings are due to chance
C)calculations used to organize and summarize data
D)summaries used to interpret data and draw conclusions
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6
Chapter 3: A:The Biological Bases of Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following procedures is done in order to study the functional specialization of the two sides of the brain?
A)The subject has the dominant hand restrained.
B)The two sides are surgically disconnected.
C)Information is sent to only one eye and one ear, both on the same side of the body.
D)The right hemisphere is temporarily paralyzed.
Q2) What is the largest and most complex part of the human brain?
A)cerebellum
B)medulla
C)limbic system
D)cerebrum
Q3) What is an action potential?
A)an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron
B)the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons
C)the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information
D)an electrical signal that travels along the dendrites of a neuron
Q4) Compare and contrast lesioning and electrical stimulation of the brain.
Q5) Compare and contrast the nervous system and the endocrine system.
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Chapter 3: B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a chemical that mimics a neurotransmitter and can bind to receptor sites and cause postsynaptic potentials?
A)agonist
B)artificial neurotransmitter
C)endogenous neurotransmitter
D)antagonist
Q2) Which of the following neurotransmitters produce only inhibitory postsynaptic potentials?
A)GABA and glycine
B)serotonin and endorphins
C)serotonin and glycine
D)GABA and endorphins
Q3) If you wanted to monitor the electrical activity of the brain over time, what recording device should you use?
A)EEG
B)MRI
C)CT
D)PET
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8
Chapter 4: A: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eloise is an individual who is classified as a supertaster. What is she likely to be especially sensitive to?
A)salty and sour tastes
B)sweet and salty tastes
C)sweet and bitter tastes
D)sour and bitter tastes
Q2) Where on the tongue would you find the oldest taste buds?
A)near the tip
B)near the middle
C)near the cheeks
D)near the throat
Q3) What differs in the visual perception of a human dichromat and a human trichromat?
A)colour vision
B)general acuity
C)night vision
D)peripheral vision
Q4) Using appropriate examples, show how perceptual experiences can be subjective.
Q5) Provide an overview of the place and frequency theories of pitch perception, and resolve the "debate" between the two.
9
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Chapter 4: B: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The house across the street is decorated with a lot of lights for a party. The lights along the roof turn on and off, one at a time, so that it looks as if a light is moving across the edge of the roof. What is the Gestalt term for this illusion?
A)continuity
B)the phi phenomenon
C)Pragnanz
D)figure-ground reversal
Q2) Where are the olfactory cilia?
A)in the nose
B)in the stomach
C)in the mouth
D)in the brain
Q3) Multiple rods and cones within an area of the retina will send information to a single visual cell. What is the term for such an area?
A)fovea
B)optic disc
C)light adaptation region
D)receptive field
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10
Chapter 5: A: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the first astronauts travel to Mars, they will be travelling for long periods of time with no external time cues. What change would you predict for the circadian rhythms of those astronauts?
A)They would drift toward a slightly longer cycle.
B)They would become sporadic and show no definite pattern.
C)They would stay synchronized with a 24-hour cycle.
D)They would become synchronized with the light pattern around Mars.
Q2) Which of the following is a criticism regarding research on meditation?
A)People who are meditating cannot be expected to provide accurate information about the process.
B)Meditation researchers are reporting only their own subjective experiences.
C)There are methodological flaws in much of the research, including sampling bias and the potential for placebo effects.
D)It is unethical to conduct the necessary experimental studies on meditation.
Q3) What has research revealed about the content of most dreams?
A)They are focused on others rather than oneself.
B)They are about fairly normal activities.
C)There are random bursts of activity with little coherence.
D)They are about supernatural beings.
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Page 11
Chapter 5: B: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is typical of nightmares, but not of night terrors?
A)It is relatively easy to fall asleep afterward.
B)They are very frightening but not vivid.
C)They occur during REM sleep.
D)They occur early in the night.
Q2) Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs leads to a slow or gradual development of tolerance?
A)narcotics
B)stimulants
C)sedatives
D)hallucinogens
Q3) In order for the day-night cycle to reset the human biological clock, where do receptors in the retina direct light information?
A)suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
B)suprachiasmatic nucleus of the medulla
C)pineal gland of the medulla
D)pineal gland of the hypothalamus
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12
Chapter 6: A: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following components of observational learning is heavily influenced by expectations about reinforcement, according to Albert Bandura?
A)initially attending to the behaviour of another person
B)initially acquiring or learning a new behaviour
C)actually performing a behaviour that has been learned
D)accurately retaining information about a behaviour
Q2) What occurs in escape learning?
A)An organism engages in a response that brings aversive stimulation to an end.
B)An organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others' behaviour.
C)An organism engages in a response that prevents aversive stimulation from occurring.
D)A neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus.
Q3) Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?
A)learning fear of the dark
B)learning to sing a song
C)learning to tie shoe laces
D)learning to print letters
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Chapter 6: B: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens in operant conditioning?
A)An organism's response is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models.
B)Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences.
C)An organism's tendency to give a response reappears after a period of time.
D)A stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
Q2) Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine. What schedule of reinforcement is responsible for this tendency?
A)fixed ratio
B)variable ratio
C)fixed interval
D)variable interval
Q3) What happens to an operant response, in order to extinguish that response?
A)It is followed by intermittent reinforcement.
B)It is no longer associated with the CS.
C)It is no longer followed by reinforcement.
D)It is followed by continuous reinforcement.
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Chapter 7: A: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thalia studied for her midterm and when her roommate quizzed her, she gave correct answers to all sorts of questions. The day of the midterm, however, Thalia was unable to provide answers to questions that she had answered the night before. What can you conclude from this memory failure?
A)Thalia stored the information appropriately, but her encoding was faulty.
B)Thalia encoded and stored the wrong information.
C)Thalia did not actually encode the information.
D)Thalia encoded the information, and stored it, but was unable to retrieve it.
Q2) Which of the following best explains the fact that the recall of eyewitnesses can be distorted by information introduced after the event by police officers and attorneys?
A)serial-position effect
B)errors in source monitoring
C)misinformation effect
D)memory reconstruction
Q3) Which memory system has an almost unlimited storage capacity?
A)time-based
B)long-term
C)working
D)auditory sensory
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Page 15
Chapter 7: B: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) What method measures retention by requiring an individual to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved?
A)recitation
B)relearning
C)recall
D)recognition
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to be encoded as a result of automatic processing?
A)the items on your grocery list
B)the best time to ask your parents for money
C)the names of all the provinces and territories
D)your friend's new address
Q3) In Wilder Penfield's brain-mapping studies, stimulation to which area of the brain caused patients to provide vivid descriptions of events?
A)amygdala
B)occipital lobes
C)temporal lobes
D)hypothalamus
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16
Chapter 8: A: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) The symbols used in a language are arbitrary. What does this mean?
A)The symbols have the same meaning to everyone.
B)There is a built-in relationship between the sound of the symbols and the concepts they stand for.
C)There is a built-in relationship between the look of the symbols and the concepts they stand for.
D)There is no built-in relationship between the symbols and the concepts they stand for.
Q2) What is the term for basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind?
A)representativeness heuristic
B)law of small numbers
C)conjunction fallacy
D)availability heuristic
Q3) In which case will working backward to solve a problem be an effective strategy?
A)when a problem has a well-defined endpoint
B)when it is necessary to change the representation of a problem
C)when a problem has multiphasic branch points
D)when a problem is unsolvable by heuristics
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Chapter 8: B: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Hayley uses the example of her nephew Alex to estimate this boy's age, what has influenced her estimate?
A)bounded rationality
B)ignoring base rates
C)effects of framing
D)the availability heuristic
Q2) Barriers to effective problem solving, such as functional fixedness and mental sets, best reflect which unifying theme in psychology?
A)Psychology is empirical.
B)People's experience of the world is highly subjective.
C)Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour.
D)Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage.
Q3) Arguing from an evolutionary perspective, what do Leda Cosmides and John Tooby suggest that human reasoning depends on?
A)complex heuristics based on lifelong learning
B)inferential heuristics
C)'dumb and dumber' heuristics
D)specialized cognitive mechanisms for natural problems
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18
Chapter 9: A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Lance was eight years old, he completed the original Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. He answered all the questions that a typical ten-year-old would answer, but none of the questions a typical eleven-year-old would answer. What is Lance's mental age based on this information?
A)8 years
B)9 years
C)10 years
D)10/8 years
Q2) Who are Lupart and Pyryt referring to in their description of the "hidden gifted"?
A)Those who have genius-level IQ's and remove themselves from social interactions.
B)Children who may be gifted but have not yet been psychologically tested.
C)Children with high levels of intelligence who underperform for a variety of reasons.
D)Children whose intelligence is undetected because they refuse to participate in scholastic activities.
Q3) Discuss the similarities and differences between current views on the nature and assessment of intelligence and creativity.
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Chapter 9: B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What tends to happen to the IQ scores of children raised in substandard environments?
A)They change very little as the child gets older.
B)They decrease as the child gets older.
C)They increase as the child gets older.
D)They decrease only after the child reaches adulthood.
Q2) You recently took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and just learned that your IQ is 100. What does this score mean?
A)You showed average performance on the test.
B)You are twice as intelligent as someone who has an IQ of 50.
C)You answered 100 percent of the test questions correctly.
D)You answered 100 of the test questions correctly.
Q3) What is the term for a symmetrical bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics, including intelligence, are distributed?
A)standard distribution
B)typical distribution
C)abnormal distribution
D)normal distribution
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Chapter 10: A: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) Sean and his wife have been kissing and caressing for about 15 minutes. His level of arousal is still increasing, and he has begun to secrete some seminal fluid from the tip of his penis. Which phase is he experiencing based on the phases described by Masters and Johnson?
A)orgasmic
B)plateau
C)resolution
D)excitement
Q2) What have researchers found about adoptees during adoption studies designed to examine the role of genetic disposition in obesity?
A)They were halfway between the two sets of parents in weight.
B)They were more like their adoptive parents in weight.
C)They were more like their biological parents in weight.
D)They did not resemble either set of parents in weight.
Q3) As you'll learn in Chapter 11, research on temperament shows that from the earliest days of life, infants differ from each other in things like emotional tone, tempo of activity, and sensitivity to environmental stimuli. Discuss these findings from the viewpoint of evolutionary theories of emotion.
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21
Chapter 10: B: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) When Jake got an erection, which stage of sexual response was he experiencing?
A)excitement
B)orgasm
C)plateau
D)resolution
Q2) Which component of emotion includes the subjective conscious experience of an emotion?
A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)perceptual
D)physiological
Q3) When you are engaging in goal-directed behaviour, what are you experiencing?
A)an incentive
B)drive reduction
C)emotion
D)motivation
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Chapter 11: A: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Q1) Mrs. Potter asks Malik if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or cut into two pieces.
Malik asks her to keep it in one piece, because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces. What does this answer suggest about Malik's cognitive development?
A)He has not yet mastered object permanence.
B)He cannot assimilate changes in the shape of the sandwich.
C)He does not yet understand conservation.
D)He cannot accommodate changes in the shape of the sandwich.
Q2) What does the cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests about infants' control over their own bodies?
A)Hips and legs are under control before shoulders and arms.
B)Hands and fingers are under control before shoulders and arms.
C)Shoulders and arms are under control before hips and legs.
D)Shoulders and arms are under control before hands and fingers.
Q3) What do children begin to do during the formal operational period of cognitive development, according to Piaget?
A)think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities
B)acquire the concepts of conservation and reversibility
C)think primarily in terms of concrete objects or situations
D)understand the nature of hierarchical classification
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Page 23
Chapter 11: B: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Q1) In habituation-dishabituation studies examining infant cognitive abilities, how did researchers present the addition or subtraction "problems" to the infants?
A)handing the infant objects one at a time
B)by showing the infants groups of objects that are covered and uncovered by a screen
C)by showing the infants objects on a table-top
D)mathematical statements of the problem (for example "5 + 5 = 10")
Q2) Which of the following is a primary focus of research concerning personality development in adulthood?
A)the search for a sense of identity during adulthood
B)gender differences in personality during adulthood
C)the stability of personality over the life span
D)the midlife crisis
Q3) At Karen's age, which of the following aspects of memory is most likely to be compromised?
A)crystallized memory
B)semantic memory
C)procedural memory
D)working memory
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Chapter 12: A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment
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Q1) What are the two major aspects of people that are studied by personality theorists?
A)commonalties and individual differences
B)situational shifts and interpersonal similarities
C)constancy and change
D)consistency and distinctiveness
Q2) What is the central aspect of Adler's theory of personality?
A)People must resolve conflicts between the needs of society and the needs of the self.
B)People strive to adapt and master life's challenges.
C)People have a drive to resolve the discrepancy between their real selves and their ideal selves.
D)People are motivated to maintain the various components of mental experience in a state of balance and harmony.
Q3) During which stage did Freud say that we identify with the proper gender?
A)genital
B)anal
C)phallic
D)oral
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Page 25
Chapter 12: B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment
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Q1) Eric is a careful driver. He usually obeys the speed limit and abides by all traffic regulations. Today, however, as he is driving to Florida with some friends for spring break, he is driving 40 km/h over the speed limit. Which personality theorist would be best able to explain this inconsistency in Eric's behaviour?
A)Abraham Maslow
B)Walter Mischel
C)Carl Jung
D)Albert Bandura
Q2) According to Hans Eysenck, what physiological trait would you expect for Leon?
A)inhibited neural transmission
B)high arousability
C)low arousability
D)rapid neural transmission
Q3) If you were to administer a Big Five in a behaviour genetics study of personality, which pair of individuals would you expect to have the most similar scores?
A)two unrelated people adopted into the same family
B)mother and child
C)identical twins
D)fraternal twins reared apart
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Chapter 13: A: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Which of the following is true of emotional responses to stress?
A)They are always negative emotions.
B)They typically alternate between positive and negative emotions.
C)They are more intense in women than in men.
D)They may be either positive or negative emotions.
Q2) Miranda started a small craft business in her home three years ago. Last year she finally moved her business into a small store along her town's main street. Last Saturday, most of her store's stock was destroyed as firefighters fought a fire that had started in the vacant office next to her store. Which of the following is Miranda most likely experiencing as she walks through her ruined store?
A)frustration
B)conflict
C)burnout
D)pressure
Q3) What effect does stress appear to have on the human immune system?
A)It can lead to decreased levels of immune activity.
B)It decreases autonomic nervous system function.
C)It can lead to increased levels of immune activity.
D)It has very little effect on immune activity.
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Page 27
Chapter 13: B: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) What is frustration?
A)any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment
B)expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way
C)when two or more incompatible motivations or impulses compete for expression
D)the experience whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted
Q2) According to Albert Ellis, what should people alter in order to change their response to stress?
A)diet
B)supportive aspects of their environments
C)baseline levels of arousal
D)cognitive appraisal of stress
Q3) Chad is an excellent golfer, very good at basketball, competent at tennis, and has just started to play rugby. If Chad wants to perform as well as possible, for which sport should his arousal level be lowest?
A)tennis
B)basketball
C)golf
D)rugby
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Chapter 14: A: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) For which of the major disorders are symptom patterns most culturally variable?
A)dissociative disorders
B)bipolar illness
C)schizophrenia
D)depression
Q2) Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with generalized anxiety disorder?
A)trembling
B)dizziness
C)delusions
D)diarrhea
Q3) Alexa started a new job on Monday morning. For the first three days she showed up in bright colours and was outgoing and extroverted. However, on Thursday she showed up in a dark suit and appeared shy and introverted. She insisted that her name was Clara, and she couldn't understand why her coworkers kept calling her Alexa. Which disorder is consistent with Alexa's behaviour?
A)disorganized schizophrenia
B)antisocial personality disorder
C)dissociative identity disorder
D)bipolar disorder
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Chapter 14: B: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Which personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in females?
A)antisocial personality disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C)histrionic personality disorder
D)narcissistic personality disorder
Q2) What is NOT true of the separate personalities that coexist in an individual with dissociative identity disorder?
A)They may have their own names, personality traits, and physical mannerisms.
B)They may switch from one personality to another suddenly.
C)They may differ in age, sex, or race.
D)They are usually all aware of the existence of the other personalities.
Q3) Which unifying theme in psychology is emphasized by the stress-vulnerability model of schizophrenic and mood disorders?
A)Psychology is theoretically diverse.
B)Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour.
C)Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage.
D)Psychology evolves in a socio-historical context.
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Chapter 15: A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A)Behaviour therapists have historically placed little emphasis on measuring therapeutic outcomes.
B)Insight therapists generally can measure progress more precisely than behaviour therapists because of the nature of their therapeutic goals.
C)Behaviour therapies can make important contributions in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and hyperactivity.
D)The evidence for the effectiveness of insight therapy is stronger than the evidence for the effectiveness of behaviour therapy.
Q2) Andreas has just been to a therapist who prescribed an antidepressant medication. Which of the following drugs is Andreas most likely to be prescribed?
A)the tricyclic called Elavil
B)the benzodiazapine called Xanax
C)the SSRI called Paxil
D)the MAO inhibitor called Nardil
Q3) Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic brands of insight therapy.
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Chapter 15: B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) What are the two principle types of professionals involved in providing psychotherapy?
A)psychologists and psychoanalysts
B)psychiatrists and counsellors
C)psychologists and psychiatrists
D)psychoanalysts and counsellors
Q2) In providing psychotherapy, which types of therapists tend to use either insight therapy or behaviour therapy?
A)clinical psychologists and counselling psychologists
B)psychologists and psychiatrists
C)clinical psychologists and psychiatrists
D)counselling psychologists and psychiatrists
Q3) Ellen is undergoing treatment for symptoms of depression. During each session, Ellen's therapist asks her to list all the good things that have happened to her, and to write letters of forgiveness to people who have wronged her. Which type of therapy is Ellen likely experiencing?
A)social-skills training
B)rational emotive therapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)positive psychotherapy
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Chapter 16: A: Social Behaviour
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Q1) John notices he's been eating carrots a lot lately. From this John infers that he must like carrots. What does this example illustrate?
A)lens model of attitude-behaviour relationships
B)attribution theory
C)actor-observer bias
D)self-perception theory
Q2) When Jen started her new job at the library, she started dressing more conservatively and also started wearing her glasses to work instead of using her contact lenses. Her friends say that she has become quieter and more serious since starting the job. Which of the following has likely influenced the change in Jen's behaviour and appearance?
A)her perception of the social role of a librarian
B)her desire to be obedient
C)avoidance of social stigma
D)pressure by her employer to conform
Q3) Which of the following would definitely be categorized as a group?
A)5 people in different cities who work collaboratively on a book
B)15 people who live in the same neighbourhood
C)5 people sitting in a doctor's waiting room
D)15 people who belong to the same international fan club
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Chapter 16: B: Social Behaviour
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Q1) As Serena enters a homeless shelter seeking help, she looks around at the other people who are staying there and thinks, "I don't want to be here. These people are lazy and dangerous." Even though Serena requires the assistance of the shelter, she doesn't see herself as being similar to the other people who are in the same situation. Which of the following is this consistent with?
A)internal, stable attributions for behaviour
B)actor-observer bias
C)ingroup versus outgroup distinctions
D)external, unstable attributions for behaviour
Q2) A friend asks you if you will be his or her date for the wedding of a mutual friend. Only after you agree does your friend mention that you will have to buy new formal wear for the wedding. Which technique did your friend use?
A)reciprocity norm
B)highball technique
C)lowball technique
D)foot-in-the-door technique
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Chapter 17: Appendix B: Statistical Methods
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Q1) When a trait has a normal distribution, which statistic is used to assess where any score falls in the distribution?
A)variability
B)correlation coefficient
C)mean
D)standard deviation
Q2) What is the term used to describe a distribution of scores that is not symmetrical and many scores pile up at the low end of the scale?
A)normal distribution
B)negatively skewed distribution
C)positively skewed distribution
D)significant distribution
Q3) The minimum requirement for statistical significance is that the probability of the obtained results occurring by chance is less than a certain proportion. What is that proportion?
A)1 chance in 10
B)2 chances in 10
C)1 chance in 100
D)5 chances in 100
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Chapter 18: Appendix C: Industrialorganizational Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following represents the common themes in leadership research?
A)Effective leaders are good at influencing others, establishing cooperative relationships, and they develop a reputation for high-quality decision making.
B)Effective leaders are not concerned with changing attitudes so long as they change behaviours, and effective leaders tend to maintain strong mentoring relationships with subordinates.
C)Leaders often emerge from the ranks when there is a crisis; they allow others to work to their strengths, and they tend to make decisions based on previous successes.
D)Leaders are most likely to be older, male, and with at least 20 years of experience.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the five major changes in modern society that have affected personnel selection?
A)rapid technological change, including changes in communication technology
B)globalization of most large corporations
C)increase in the use of teams to accomplish work
D)shifting from a service orientation to a manufacturing orientation
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Chapter 19: Appendix D: Evaluating the Quality of
Web-Based Resources
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Q1) What is the key to finding quality resources online?
A)Actively exercise judgment and critical thinking.
B)Limit your search to peer-reviewed sites.
C)Start with a common resource like Wikipedia and follow links from that source.
D)Rely on resources that have been referred to you by those you trust.
Q2) Which of the following would be most likely to provide unbiased information?
A)a website attached to a university, with a range of links and peer-reviewed articles on the topic of experimental analysis of reports of UFO abductions
B)an online article about post-traumatic stress disorder, written for a popular magazine, that includes a list of citations and contact information for all individuals interviewed for the article
C)a site maintained by a patients' rights group, providing information (including case studies and newspaper articles) about how clinicians may be implanting false memories in their clients
D)a site sponsored by a pharmaceutical company that explains in great detail (and with links to government health organizations) about the symptoms and treatments for depression
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