Survey of Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides an overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course introduces fundamental concepts and theories in major areas of psychology, including biological foundations, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Students will examine current research, classic experiments, and practical applications of psychology in everyday life, fostering critical thinking and a deeper understanding of human thought and behavior. This foundational course serves as a gateway to more specialized areas within the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Psychology Gateways to Mind and Behavior 14th Edition by Dennis Coon
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18 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which school of thought emphasizes that the psychological needs for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, creativity, and spirituality are just as important as the biological needs for food and water?
A) behaviorism
B) cognitive
C) humanism
D) psychodynamic
Answer: C
Q2) Dr.Malloy explains to his patient that a person's threatening thoughts are often repressed so that he or she will be unaware of them.However, these repressed thoughts might "surface" in dreams, expressed emotions, or "slips of the tongue." Dr.Malloy has just explained the ideas of which school of thought in psychology?
A) structuralism
B) psychoanalytic psychology
C) humanistic psychology
D) Gestalt psychology
Answer: B
Q3) Critical thinking in psychology is a type of __________.
Answer: reflection
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior
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Q1) Jose has lost his ability to speak following a stroke, although he is still able to understand words spoken to him.Damage was most likely to A) the occipital lobe.
B) Broca's area.
C) Wernicke's area.
D) the limbic system.
Answer: B
Q2) Juan's physician has told him that he wants him to take a test that will give a three-dimensional representation of Juan's brain.This procedure will require Juan to be placed in a strong magnetic field.The test being discussed is the A) EEG.
B) CT scan.
C) MRI scan.
D) PET scan.
Answer: C
Q3) If you gesture more with your left hand, you probably process language in your __________ hemisphere.
Answer: right
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4
Chapter 3: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Piaget, newborn babies lack object permanence because they
A) are incapable of using fluid intelligence at this young age.
B) cannot localize the sounds they hear.
C) cannot imitate actions as they observe them.
D) cannot create internal representations, such as mental images.
Answer: D
Q2) Describe four adaptive reflexes, and explain how each is elicited and how each aids survival of the newborn.
Answer: Answer will include that to elicit the grasping reflex, one presses an object in the neonate's palm, and he or she will grasp the object with surprising strength.The grasping reflex aids survival by helping an infant avoid falling.If a baby's position is changed abruptly or if he or she is startled by a loud noise, he or she will make a hugging motion, called the Moro reflex, which helps keep a baby from falling.By touching an infant's cheek, the rooting reflex involves the child turning his or her head in the direction of the touch and moving the mouth as if searching for a nipple to nurse.When a nipple does touch the infant's mouth, the sucking reflex, or rhythmic nursing, will occur.So, both the rooting reflex and the sucking reflex help the infant find food.
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) A popular theory of olfaction which states that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules is the __________ theory.
Q2) Sam is being administered a test known as the Landolt rings.Which aspect of Sam's vision is being assessed?
A) night vision
B) visual acuity
C) color vision
D) depth perception
Q3) Regarding hearing loss, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Conductive hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
B) Noise-induced hearing loss is a type of conductive loss.
C) By the time one is 65 years old, more than 40 percent of auditory hair cells will be gone.
D) Daily exposure to 85 decibels or more may cause permanent hearing loss.
Q4) Repetitious stimuli shown in television commercials tend to be so boring that they fail in capturing our attention.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions involves sleep loss caused by a withdrawal from prescription sleeping pills, resulting in terrible nightmares and "rebound insomnia" unless the person starts taking the sleeping pills again?
A) narcolepsy
B) drug-dependency insomnia
C) sleep narcosis
D) sleep drunkenness
Q2) Methadone is often freely given to addicts as part of a program meant to reduce the negative consequences of addiction without requiring drug abstinence.This program is referred to as a
A) "cold turkey" approach.
B) scheduled gradual reduction program.
C) harm reduction strategy.
D) deinstitutionalization program.
Q3) Regarding sleeptalking, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Sleeptalking occurs only during light (Stage 1)sleep.
B) Sleeptalking is the outward expression of dream content.
C) Sleeptalking generally makes little sense.
D) Sleeptalking occurs most often during REM sleep.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Conditioning and Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Negative reinforcement and punishment
A) have opposite effects on behavior.
B) are different terms for the same procedure.
C) have the same effect on behavior.
D) are not very effective in changing behavior.
Q2) We sound a horn before each puff of air hits your eye, and you learn to blink to the sound of the horn, which illustrates the type of associative learning known as __________ conditioning.
Q3) Stimuli that consistently precede a rewarded response tend to influence when and where the response will occur.This is the principle of
A) the partial reinforcement effect.
B) stimulus control.
C) latent learning.
D) the law of effect.
Q4) In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned response was the A) food.
B) bell.
C) salivation to the food.
D) salivation to the bell.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even the vivid flashbulb memories that people have great confidence in have been shown to be inaccurate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine.You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial.Then, the doorbell rings, and you rush to see who is there.When you return to the phone, you have completely forgotten the number.This illustrates how interruption, or displacement, affects ___________ memory.
A) eidetic
B) sensory
C) short-term
D) long-term
Q3) Regarding long-term memory (LTM), which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) LTM is often referred to as working memory.
B) LTM has an unlimited storage capacity.
C) LTM typically stores information phonetically.
D) The more you learn, the harder it is to add new information to LTM.
Q4) Explain the difference between explicit and implicit memories and the importance of priming.
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Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain?
A) pseudoperception
B) mental imagery
C) illusionary processing
D) automatic processing
Q2) Darby is a psychologist who studies concept formation, pattern recognition, memory, decision making, and different types of thought.Darby is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.
A) existential
B) comparative
C) cognitive
D) forensic
Q3) Concept formation refers to
A) the organization of phonemes and morphemes into meaningful thoughts.
B) the application of transformation rules to basic sentences.
C) inductive thinking as opposed to deductive thinking.
D) the process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
Q4) The study of meaning in words and language is known as __________.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to the relatively unsuccessful intellectually gifted in Terman's study, the successful ones were
A) better adjusted.
B) more verbal.
C) more mature.
D) more persistent.
Q2) Regarding artificial intelligence, Siri, the "intelligent personal assistant" on Apple's iPhone, is able to engage in a believable free-flowing conversation with humans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to David Perkins, which factor contributes to intelligence, but is relatively fixed, so that little can be done to change this factor?
A) reflective intelligence
B) experiential intelligence
C) neural intelligence
D) kinesthetic intelligence
Q4) To his list of eight intelligences, Howard Gardner has more recently proposed adding __________ intelligence.
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11
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend has just finished her freshmen year in college, and she has gained 15 pounds.Explain to your friend why her weight gain during her freshmen year is quite common; discuss the ten techniques used in behavioral dieting and how this method can help her lose and then maintain a healthy weight.
Q2) Your right foot will be more ticklish than your left foot because the part of the brain that controls the right side of the body also processes positive emotions.This part of the brain is the
A) left hemisphere.
B) right hemisphere.
C) cerebellum.
D) reticular formation.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
A) Anorexia has the highest mortality rate of all the mental illnesses.
B) Often, anorexia starts with "normal" dieting that slowly begins to dominate the person's life.
C) The body weight of persons with anorexia is below 85 percent of normal for their height and age.
D) Through this excessive dieting, people with anorexia lose their appetites and stop feeling physically hungry.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Q1) According to Sandra Bem, a person who is cheerful, compassionate, loyal, independent, self-reliant, and assertive would be considered
A) masculine.
B) feminine.
C) androgynous.
D) extroverted.
Q2) If a person has a sexual dysfunction that is due to psychological or emotional reasons, then the cause would be considered __________.
Q3) Surgical removal of the testicles or ovaries is known as __________.
Q4) People who are androgynous tend to be more satisfied with their lives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Overall, for every dollar earned by men in North America, women tend to earn __________ cents.
A) 50
B) 77
C) 88
D) 90
Q6) The onset of menstruation is called __________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to humanistic psychologists, being authentic means
A) that you are incongruent.
B) feeling that your behavior accurately expresses who you are.
C) you can do whatever you want, including ignoring the feelings of others.
D) you have experienced conditions of worth.
Q2) Observable traits, mannerisms, interests, and behaviors defined by a culture as "male" or "female" are called
A) gender identities.
B) gender roles.
C) sexual orientations.
D) gender predispositions.
Q3) Adler broke away from Freud because he disagreed with Freud's emphasis on
A) the unconscious.
B) instinctual drives.
C) the importance of sexuality.
D) all of these.
Q4) Shyness is often maintained by unrealistic or self-defeating beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Threats of punishment from the superego cause __________ anxiety.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Health, Stress, and Coping
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Q1) Hardy personalities in the workplace often
A) feel alienated from other workers due to their positive attitudes.
B) see themselves passively as victims of circumstances.
C) try to learn from their experiences.
D) seek easy comfort, security, and routine.
Q2) Karen is learning strategies to reduce the pressure she feels on her job and improve her coping skills.Karen is attending a __________ class.
A) psychodynamics
B) behavior medicine
C) refusal skills training
D) stress management
Q3) Canadian researcher Hans Selye called the complete lack of stress
A) heaven.
B) death.
C) inertia.
D) vacation.
Q4) The tension-release method is another name for the procedure known as guided imagery.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of dissociative fugue?
A) Len feels that he is a woman trapped in a man's body.
B) Jerry is found disoriented, wandering in Manhattan, hundreds of miles from his home in Kentucky.
C) Clara is arrested in Chicago for using a false identity to commit credit card fraud.
D) At times, Ben claims to be a mechanic named Jack and, at other times, a financial consultant named Trevor.
Q2) Which of the following is considered to be a nearly universal symptom of psychosis?
A) nervous breakdowns
B) disturbed verbal communication
C) depression
D) insomnia
Q3) The risk of developing schizophrenia for the general population is __________ percent.
A) one
B) five
C) 10
D) 25
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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Q1) By focusing on feelings when counseling a friend, you can encourage the outpouring of emotion that is the basis for
A) illumination.
B) repression.
C) catharsis.
D) depression.
Q2) Which of the following based his existential approach on experiences he had as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp?
A) Fritz Perls
B) Alfred Adler
C) Victor Frankl
D) Otto Rank
Q3) Using the aversion therapy for alcohol abuse pioneered by Roger Vogler and associates, the shocks would be administered
A) as the person orders the alcoholic beverage.
B) as the person is beginning to take a drink of alcohol.
C) after the person has finished their first alcoholic beverage.
D) after the person is intoxicated.
Q4) Major tranquilizers are also referred to as __________ drugs.
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Chapter 16: Social Thinking and Social Influence
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Q1) Geraldine is rehearsing the dialogue, posture, and gestures she will use to ask her boss for a raise.She practices in front of a mirror and then role plays the scene with a friend with the friend acting angry in some scenes and cooperative in others.Geraldine is practicing
A) collaborative nonassertion.
B) anger management.
C) assertive behavior.
D) applied behavior analysis.
Q2) Jana wants to learn to be more self-assertive.Her first step will be to convince herself that she has the three basic rights, which are the right to refuse, to right a wrong, and to __________.
Q3) Cult members try to catch potential converts at a time of need, especially when
A) a sense of belonging will be attractive to converts.
B) their need for self-actualization is at its highest.
C) a sense of accomplishment will be attractive to converts.
D) their need for adventure and experimentation is at its highest level.
Q4) In one study, people playing tug-of-war while blindfolded pulled harder if they thought they were competing alone than when they thought they were pulling as part of a team.This experiment illustrates the tendency known as social __________.
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Chapter 17: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior
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Q1) Behaviors, such as aggression, prejudice, and discrimination would be considered __________ behaviors.
A) social exchange
B) antisocial
C) ethnocentric
D) emotionally apathetic
Q2) Each ethnic group has strengths that members of other groups could benefit from emulating.For instance, all of the following groups strongly emphasize family networks that help to buffer them from some of the stresses of daily life EXCEPT for which group?
A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) European Americans
D) Latinos
Q3) Describe the differing patterns of mate selection for men and women, according to evolutionary psychologists; explain why they believe these differing patterns evolved; and provide a critique of these findings.
Q4) Giving equal status, recognition, and acceptance to different ethnic and cultural groups is referred to as __________.
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19
Chapter 18: Applied Psychology
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Q1) Psychologists who design many of the tools we rely on each day, such as "user-friendly" computers, home appliances, digital cameras, airplane controls, and traffic signals are working in the field known as behavioral kinesthetics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A branch of industrial/organizational psychology that is concerned with testing, selection, placement, and promotion of employees is called __________ psychology.
A) behavioral
B) personnel
C) comparative
D) psychometric
Q3) If a person stops to think about the "flow" state, it goes away.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which was NOT cited as an outcome of job enrichment programs?
A) higher production costs
B) increased knowledge
C) feelings of empowerment
D) less absenteeism
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