Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology Exam Questions
Survey of Psychology offers an introductory exploration of the fundamental concepts, principles, and methods in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering core topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology, this course provides students with a broad understanding of the discipline. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students gain insight into how psychological theories and research apply to everyday life, laying a foundation for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook Psychology 6th Edition by James S. Nairne
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE regarding psychology and the topic of remembering classroom material, according to the "Practical Solutions" section of Chapter 1?
A)Psychologists have had little to say about successful learning and retention.
B)What psychology has discovered about learning and retention confirms conventional wisdom.
C)Psychologists have studied learning in the laboratory but not in the classroom.
D)What psychology has discovered about learning and retention flies in the face of conventional wisdom.
Answer: D
Q2) John Watson felt that:
A)mental events cannot be publicly observed and fall outside the domain of science
B)the goal of psychology should be to uncover basic elements that made-up the mind
C)mental events can be observed and examine through systematic introspection
D)the goal of psychology should be to uncover how people can reach their full potential
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: The Tools of Psychological Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Representative samples are achieved through ____________________, which means that everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being selected for the research.
Answer: random sampling
Q2) Dr.Greene was investigating the effects of weightlessness on general psychological functioning.Dr.Greene was able to locate three former astronauts who had experienced at least 10 days of weightlessness in space.These individuals were tested extensively and questioned in detail about their experiences.Dr.Greene's research represents:
A)the correlational method of research
B)case study research
C)survey research
D)the experimental method of research
Answer: B
Q3) A placebo can be used:
A)in either a single-blind or double-blind study
B)in either a total-blind or partial-blind study
C)only in a single-blind study
D)only in a total-blind study
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Biological Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The branchlike parts of the cell, which are called ____________________, are the primary information receivers.
Answer: dendrites
Q2) Gretchen suffered a stroke recently and now she finds that she constantly hears a buzzing sound in her ears.Based on what is known about the functions of the lobes within the cerebral cortex, you should conclude that Gretchen's stroke most likely affected her:
A)temporal lobes
B)frontal lobes
C)occipital lobes
D)parietal lobes
Answer: A
Q3) Reflex pathways require no input from the brain, and if the spinal cord is severed, blocking communication between most of the body and the brain, reflexive responses can still occur.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Some drugs, called ____________________, mimic the action of neurotransmitters.
Answer: agonists
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Chapter 4: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Specific patterns of behavior that are consistent with how society dictates males and females should are known as ____________________.
Q2) According to Thomas and Chess, children who are typically happy and readily establish daily routines have a(n) ____________________ temperament.
Q3) According to Erikson, between the ages of 1 and 3, toddlers must resolve the psychosocial crisis of:
A)intimacy versus isolation
B)industry versus inferiority
C)integrity versus despair
D)autonomy versus doubt
Q4) Women experience ____________________ when their menstrual cycle slows down and finally stops.
Q5) Which theory says children learn to act in a masculine or feminine manner because they are rewarded for doing so?
A)attachment theory
B)psychoanalytic theory
C)social learning theory
D)humanistic theory
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the neural signals from each visual field separate at the optic chiasm, neural fibers are sent to:
A)the thalamus and the hypothalamus
B)the superior colliculus and the cerebellum
C)the thalamus and the superior colliculus
D)the reticular formation and the temporal lobe
Q2) Levon was amazed at a magician's trick in which a person in a box appeared to be sawed in half.Levon had perceived the head at one end of the box and the feet at the other end of the box, as belonging to a single person, rather than two separate people.This error in Levon's understanding illustrates the Gestalt principle of:
A)figure-ground
B)proximity
C)common fate
D)good continuation
Q3) Sensory adaptation occurs for each of the senses except smell.
A)True
B)False
Q4) On the tongue, the ____________________ are the tiny bumps containing the taste buds.
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Chapter 6: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is likely to display which of the following?
A)excessive sleepiness during the day
B)difficulty focusing attention
C)hostility when asked to follow the rules
D)all of these choices
Q2) The release of growth hormone during slow-wave sleep is evidence for the idea that:
A)the purpose of dreaming is wish fulfillment
B)sleep has survival value
C)dreaming is a function of random brain activity
D)sleep functions to repair and restore the brain and body
Q3) Solomon used to experience occasional bouts of insomnia.Recently he started taking sleeping pills to help him overcome the insomnia.Now he finds that he cannot get to sleep unless he takes a sleeping pill.This would suggest that Solomon:
A)has developed a drug tolerance for his sleeping pills
B)is experiencing the effects of drug withdrawal
C)has developed a drug dependency on his sleeping pills
D)has become habituated to sleeping pills
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8
Chapter 7: Learning From Experience
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were explaining the concept of punishment to another student, the most accurate explanation would be that punishment:
A)increases the probability of an undesirable response
B)has the same effects as negative reinforcement
C)decreases the probability of a response
D)affects the probability of an unconditioned response's occurring in the future
Q2) In operant conditioning, negative reinforcement occurs whenever:
A)the presentation of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response's occurring again
B)the presentation of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response's occurring again
C)the removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of the response's occurring again
D)the removal of a stimulus following a response decreases the likelihood of the response's occurring again
Q3) In a(n) ____________________ schedule, reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs after a set, unchanging amount of time.
Q4) Describe how second-order conditioning can occur.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Memory
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Q1) In preparing for a test, testing oneself in a way that matches what one will be required to do on the test capitalizes on the phenomenon called:
A)depth of processing
B)transfer-appropriate processing
C)phonemic encoding
D)implicit memory
Q2) To answer the question "Where did you park this morning?" requires primarily:
A)episodic memory
B)procedural memory
C)semantic memory
D)flashbulb memory
Q3) You use your ____________________ when have to remember how to parallel park a car.
Q4) Which memory system has a relatively unlimited capacity?
A)short-term memory
B)long-term memory
C)retroactive memory
D)proactive memory
Q5) What are the characteristics of an effective retrieval cue?
Q6) What conclusions can be drawn concerning where memories are stored in the brain?
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Chapter 9: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) The availability heuristic is the tendency to base estimates on the ease with which examples come to mind.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The sentence "The cautious the barked nasty at man poodle," would be difficult for an English speaker to understand because the structure violates the rules of English:
A)phonology
B)morphology
C)syntax
D)pragmatics
Q3) Compare and contrast the prototype and exemplar views of categorization.
Q4) Categories are:
A)groups of objects that provide the best exemplars of various concepts
B)well defined groups of objects with no overlapping members
C)lists of typical features that can be used to classify objects
D)classes of objects that most people agree belong together
Q5) A language's ____________________ refers to the rules governing sounds that make up words and sentences.
Q6) Describe the hierarchical structure of categories.
11
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Chapter 10: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Somewhere between the ages of 4 and 7, it is possible to obtain reliable assessments of IQ, and from that point onward, IQ scores tend to predict performance on later IQ tests reasonably well.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence, there are three types of intelligence: ____________________ intelligence, practical intelligence, and analytical intelligence.
Q3) Research conducted by Claude Steele has provided evidence for ____________________, which suggests that members of underrepresented groups may perform less well on the test because they expect that the members of their group do not generally do well on such tests.
Q4) Describe three types of test validity and provide appropriate examples to illustrate how these types of validity assess different aspects of a test.
Q5) Reliable tests:
A)measure what they are designed to measure
B)sample broadly across the domain of interest
C)can be used to accurately estimate future performance
D)produce similar scores from one administration to the next
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the evolutionary view, women are more likely than men to emphasize:
A)attractiveness as an important characteristic in a potential male partner
B)financial status as an important characteristic in a potential male partner
C)general education as an important characteristic in a potential male partner
D)a sense of humor as an important characteristic in a potential male partner
Q2) Before eating, levels of:
A)ghrelin decrease
B)ghrelin increase
C)estrogen decrease
D)estrogen increase
Q3) Outline the key points in the debate over whether there are basic emotions.
Q4) When leptin binds with receptors in the hypothalamus, this:
A)increases the reward value of food
B)lowers the reward value of food
C)increases the reward value of sexual activity
D)decreases the reward value of sexual activity
Q5) According to Masters and Johnson, the sequence for the four phases of human sexual arousal is excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasmic phase, and ____________________ phase.
Page 13
Q6) Discuss the role of satiation signals and CCK in eating behavior.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outline the key concepts that underlie Carl Rogers' view of personality.Illustrate each concept with an appropriate example.
Q2) The last stage in Freud's conception of psychosexual development, which begins with the onset of puberty, is the:
A)oral stage
B)anal stage
C)phallic stage
D)genital stage
Q3) The psychometric approach is most closely associated with:
A)psychodynamic theories
B)humanistic theories
C)trait theories
D)social-cognitive theories
Q4) The ego-defense mechanism that deals with unacceptable thoughts and feelings by attributing them to others is:
A)repression
B)reaction formation
C)sublimation
D)projection
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe ostracism and its effects.How does our evolutionary past help explain ostracism?
Q2) A man always says he has no problem with individuals who are homosexual, but when his son's gay friend comes over for dinner, the man finds some reason to be somewhere else without realizing what he's doing.The man is exhibiting:
A)implicit formation
B)explicit formation
C)implicit prejudice
D)explicit prejudice
Q3) A person who is in a good mood is:
A)less likely to show the self-serving bias
B)more likely to make the fundamental attribution error
C)less likely to make the fundamental attribution error
D)less likely to initiate a self-fulfilling prophecy
Q4) A positive or negative belief about something is referred to as a(n):
A)prejudice
B)discrimination
C)attitude
D)percept
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) A person with ____________________ typically becomes extremely anxious and self-conscious in everyday social situations
Q2) An individual who shows disordered mood shifts in two directions is likely to be classified as having:
A)schizophrenia
B)bipolar disorder
C)dissociative identity disorder
D)conversion disorder
Q3) Yvette was in a forest one day during a lightning storm.One of the trees close by was struck by lightning.Since that time Yvette has been terrified of standing close to trees.The development of her tree phobia can best be explained using principles of:
A)instrumental conditioning
B)modeling
C)retroactive interference
D)classical conditioning
Q4) The class of disorders characterized by the separation of conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories is the ____________________ disorders.
Q5) Explain the learned helplessness theory of depression.
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Chapter 15: Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lithium carbonate is most frequently used to treat:
A)bipolar disorder
B)depression
C)schizophrenia
D)anxiety disorders
Q2) The term ____________________ is used to refer to any procedure that destroys or alters tissues in the brain in an effort to affect behavior.
Q3) The Philadelphia study of the effectiveness of therapy found people who:
A)got therapy of any type were better after 4 months than people put on waiting lists
B)got therapy of any type were better off after 1 year than people put on waiting lists
C)got behavioral therapy improved more than people who got psychodynamic therapy
D)got psychodynamic therapy improved more than people who got behavioral therapy
Q4) Thorazine (chlorpromazine) works by acting on the levels of ____________________ in the brain.
Q5) During ____________________, clients are encouraged to relax and express whatever thoughts and feelings come to mind.
Q6) Client-centered therapy was developed by ____________________.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Stress and Health
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Q1) During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, a person will experience:
A)a fight-or-flight response
B)repression
C)a generalized anxiety response
D)reaction formation
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the physical and psychological symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal?
A)insomnia
B)vomiting
C)irritability
D)increased appetite
Q3) During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the body is:
A)adjusting its reaction to a continuing threat
B)first going through the flight-or-fight response
C)encountering a depletion of energy resources
D)initiating a shutdown of vital systems
Q4) Holmes and Rahe suggested that ____________________ are the major sources of stress.
Q5) Discuss the effects of being an optimist on reactions to stressful events.
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