Survey of Physics Review Questions - 2739 Verified Questions

Page 1


Survey of Physics Review Questions

Course Introduction

Survey of Physics offers a broad overview of the fundamental concepts and principles underlying the physical sciences. This course covers topics such as motion, forces, energy, waves, electricity, magnetism, and basic modern physics. It emphasizes conceptual understanding and practical applications, making it accessible to students from various academic backgrounds. Through lectures, demonstrations, and problem-solving exercises, students develop an appreciation of how physics explains everyday phenomena and underpins advances in technology and engineering. This course is ideal for non-science majors seeking a general introduction to physics without the intensive use of mathematics.

Recommended Textbook

College Physics 11th Edition by Raymond A. Serway

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30 Chapters

2739 Verified Questions

2739 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Units, Trigonometry, and Vectors

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Sample Questions

Q1) Vector 1 is 7 units long and is at 70°.Vector 2 is 5 units long and is at 155°.Vector 3 is 3 units long and is at 225°.Which vector has equal-magnitude components?

A)Vector 1

B)Vector 2

C)Vector 3

D)None of the vectors has equal-magnitude components.

Answer: C

Q2) There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures.For example,suppose a quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0,and our best estimate of the value is midrange at 20.2.We could write the number as 20.2 +/ 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty.We would also say it has 3 significant figures.If we square a number with 1% uncertainty and 3 significant figures,what results?

A)A number with 1% uncertainty and 3 significant figures.

B)A number with 2% uncertainty and 3 significant figures.

C)A number with 2% uncertainty and 2 significant figures.

D)A number with 1% uncertainty and 2 significant figures.

Answer: B

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Page 3

Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

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Sample Questions

Q1) An object moves along the x axis,with its position given by the function x(t)= ½ t<sup>3</sup>.Which of the following can be obtained from a graph of x vs.t?

A)The velocity of the object at any instant in time

B)The displacement of the object during a specified time interval

C)The speed of the particle at any instant in time

D)The average velocity of the object during as specified time interval

E)All of the above

Answer: E

Q2) A drag racer starts from rest and accelerates at 8.0 m/s<sup>2</sup> for the entire distance of 300 m.What is the velocity of the race car at the end of the run?

A)83 m/s

B)69 m/s

C)52 m/s

D)35 m/s

E)59 m/s

Answer: B

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Chapter 3: Motion in Two Dimensions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A projectile is fired at an angle of elevation of 30°.Neglecting air resistance,what are possible angles in flight between the acceleration vector and the velocity vector?

A)160° and 40°

B)20° and 70°

C)90° and 30°

D)none of the above

E)10° and 30°

Answer: C

Q2) A boat moves at 10.8 m/s relative to the water.If the boat is in a river where the current is 2.00 m/s,how long does it take the boat to make a complete round trip of 1 100 m upstream followed by a 1 100-m trip downstream?

A)250 s

B)172 s

C)211 s

D)297 s

E)336 s

Answer: C

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Chapter 4: Newtons Laws of Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Hector drives a pickup truck horizontally at 9.00 m/s.He is transporting a crate of delicate lead crystal.If the coefficient of static friction between the crate and the truck bed is 0.740,what is the minimum stopping distance for the truck so the crate will not slide?

A)5.58 m

B)6.66 m

C)81.0 m

D)15.6 m

E)2.79 m

Q2) If we know an object is moving at constant velocity,we may assume:

A)the net force acting on the object is zero.

B)there are no forces acting on the object.

C)the object is accelerating.

D)the object is losing mass.

Q3) As I slide a box at constant speed up a frictionless slope,pulling parallel to the slope,the tension in the rope will be:

A)greater than the tension would be if the box were stationary.

B)greater than the weight of the box.

C)equal to the weight of the box.

D)less than the weight of the box.

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Chapter 5: Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) When a Hooke's law spring is stretched a distance 3x,how much is the increase in energy stored in it from when it was stretched a distance x? Give your answer in terms of a multiple of the energy stored in the spring when it is stretched a distance x.

A)It is 3 times as much.

B)It is 8 times as much.

C)It is 4 times as much.

D)It is 9 times as much.

Q2) A girl and her bicycle have a total mass of 42 kg.At the top of the hill her speed is 4.00 m/s.The hill is 14.3 m high and 112 m long.If the force of friction as she rides down the hill is 20 N,what is her speed at the bottom?

A)4.00 m/s

B)15.8 m/s

C)13.8 m/s

D)63.1 m/s

E)She stops before she reaches the bottom.

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Chapter 6: Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a two-body collision is not head-on,then we may always assume that:

A)momentum is conserved.

B)kinetic energy is conserved.

C)neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.

D)both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Q2) A 2 500-kg car moving north collides with a 2 000-kg car moving west.After the collision,the cars stick together and move at an angle of 45° north of west at a speed of 8.0 m/s.What was the initial speed of the 2 500-kg car?

A)20 m/s

B)10.2 m/s

C)14 m/s

D)9.3 m/s

Q3) A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second stationary identical ball.After the collision which of the following conditions applies to the first ball?

A)maintains the same velocity as before

B)has one half its initial velocity

C)comes to rest

D)moves in the opposite direction

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Chapter 7: Rotational Motion and Gravitation

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Sample Questions

Q1) Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at the equator of the Earth.The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 10<sup>6</sup> m.

A)74.0 m/s

B)233 m/s

C)465 m/s

D)73.0 m/s

Q2) Consider a child who is swinging.As she reaches the lowest point in her swing:

A)the tension in the rope is equal to her weight.

B)the tension in the rope is equal to her mass times her acceleration.

C)her acceleration is downward at 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>.

D)none of the above.

Q3) Starting from rest,a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of time T.At what time after the start of rotation does the wheel reach an angular speed equal to its average angular speed for this interval?

A)0.25T

B)0.50T

C)0.67T

D)0.71T

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9

Chapter 8: Rotational Equilibrium and Dynamics

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Sample Questions

Q1) An initially installed flywheel can store 10<sup>6</sup> J of kinetic energy when rotating at 300 rad/s.It is replaced by another flywheel of the same size but made of a stronger material.If its mass is the same as that of the original,and it is now capable of achieving a rotational speed of 425 rad/s,what maximum energy can be stored?

A)2.01E+6 J

B)1.66E+3 J

C)1.73E+5 J

D)1.00E+6 J

Q2) Three masses are positioned along the x-axis.Their masses and positions are m<sub>1</sub> = m with x<sub>1</sub> = 1.0 m,m<sub>2</sub> = 2m with x<sub>2</sub> = 2.0 m,and m<sub>3</sub> = 9.0m with x<sub>3</sub> = 3.0 m.What is the x-coordinate of the center of mass of this system,to the nearest tenth?

A)4.7 m

B)2.7 m

C)2.0 m

D)0.7 m

E)Not enough information

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Chapter 9: Fluids and Solids

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Sample Questions

Q1) The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what value?

A)1 000

B)2 000

C)3 000

D)4 000

Q2) What is the minimum diameter of a steel wire if it is to support a mass of 80 kg.The elastic limit of steel is 5.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> Pa.

A)1.4 mm

B)2.0 mm.

C)1.0 mm

D)2.0 mm

Q3) In addition to its weight,what force is needed to lift a wire ring of radius 2.0 cm from the surface of blood plasma? The surface tension of blood plasma is 7.3 × 10¯<sup>2 </sup>N/m.

A)1.8E+1 N

B)3.7E-2 N

C)9.2E-3 N

D)1.8E-2 N

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Page 11

Chapter 10: Thermal Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) The observation that materials expand in size with an increase in temperature can be applied to what proportion of existing substances?

A)100%

B)most

C)few

D)none

Q2) What happens to a given volume of water when heated from 0°C to 4°C?

A)density increases

B)density decreases

C)density remains constant

D)vaporizes

Q3) Suppose the pressure of 20 g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume is halved.What happens to the internal energy of the gas?

A)It stays the same,as the described changes do not involve internal energy.

B)It increases.

C)It decreases.

D)This depends on the molecular weight of the gas involved,thus this is indeterminate.

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Page 12

Chapter 11: Energy in Thermal Processes

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Sample Questions

Q1) The emissivity of an ideal reflector has which of the following values?

A)0

B)1

C)100

D)infinity

Q2) A cube of material with emissivity of 0.4 is heated from room temperature of 20°C to 100°C.The net power radiated by the cube is 20 W.What is the volume of the cube? ( = 5.6696 × 10<sup>-8</sup> W/m<sup>2·</sup>K<sup>4</sup>

A)0.0014 m<sup>3</sup>

B)0.012 m<sup>3</sup>

C)0.11 m<sup>3</sup>

D)1.8 m<sup>3</sup>

Q3) In typical calorimetry problems,what is the usual conservation law being used?

A)energy

B)heat

C)temperature

D)None since nothing is being conserved.

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Chapter 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A Carnot engine runs between a hot reservoir at T<sub>h</sub> and a cold reservoir at T<sub>c</sub>.If one of the temperatures is either increased or decreased by 3.5 K,which of the following changes would increase the efficiency by the greatest amount?

A)increasing T<sub>h</sub>

B)increasing T<sub>c</sub>

C)decreasing T<sub>c</sub>

D)cannot be determined from information given

Q2) On a PV diagram,2 curves are plotted,both starting at the same point (P<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub>)and both ending at the same increased volume (V<sub>2</sub>).One curve is for an isothermal process;the other is for an adiabatic process.Except for the common starting point,which curve is the upper one?

A)The isothermal process curve will always be the upper one.

B)The adiabatic process curve will always be the upper one.

C)Since they start at the same point and end at the same volume,they will coincide.

D)The isothermal one will start out higher,but the adiabatic one will eventually cross it.

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14

Chapter 13: Vibrations and Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx.What will happen if the object is moved away from equilibrium (x = 0)and released?

A)It will return to the equilibrium position.

B)It will move further away with constant velocity.

C)It will move further away with constant acceleration.

D)It will move further away with increasing acceleration.

Q2) A simple pendulum of length 1.87 m has a mass of 120 g attached.It is drawn back 38.0° and then released.What is the maximum speed of the mass?

A)1.44 m/s

B)3.93 m/s

C)2.74 m/s

D)2.79 m/s

E)0.249 m/s

Q3) What is the phase difference when two waves,traveling in the same medium,undergo constructive interference?

A)270°

B)180°

C)90°

D)0°

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Page 15

Chapter 14: Sound

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Sample Questions

Q1) Quadrupling the power output from a speaker emitting a single frequency will result in what increase in loudness?

A)17 dB

B)7.0 dB

C)6.0 dB

D)1.4 dB

E)0.48 dB

Q2) Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?

A)infrasonic

B)audible

C)ultrasonic

D)All have the same wavelengths.

Q3) The term "timbre" refers to which of the following?

A)Any musical instrument made primarily of wood.

B)The quality of sound from instruments due to the mixture of harmonics.

C)Instruments that have valves.

D)An instrument made in France.

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Chapter 15: Electric Forces and Fields

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two equal charges,each Q,are separated by some distance.What third charge would need to be placed half way between the two charges so that the net force on each charge would be zero?

A) Q

B) Q/2

C) Q/4

D) Q/8

Q2) In x-ray machines,electrons are subjected to electric fields as great as 6.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> N/C.Find an electron's acceleration in this field.(m<sub>e</sub> = 9.11 × 10 <sup>31</sup> kg,e = 1.6 × 10 <sup>19</sup> C)

A)1.1E+17 m/s<sup>2</sup>

B)3.4E+13 m/s<sup>2</sup>

C)8.7E+10 m/s<sup>2</sup>

D)2.9E+8 m/s<sup>2</sup>

E)4.1E+13 m/s<sup>2</sup>

Q3) Who was the first to determine the electron's charge?

A)Franklin

B)Coulomb

C)Millikan

D)Faraday

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Chapter 16: Electrical Energy and Capacitance

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Sample Questions

Q1) When charges q<sub>a</sub>,q<sub>b</sub>,and q<sub>c</sub> are placed respectively at the corners a,b,and c of a right triangle,the potential at the midpoint of the hypotenuse is 24 V.When the charge q<sub>a</sub> is removed,the potential at the midpoint becomes 17 V.When,instead,the charge q<sub>b</sub> is removed (q<sub>a</sub> and q<sub>c</sub> both in place),the potential at the midpoint becomes 13 V.What is the potential at the midpoint if both charges q<sub>a</sub> and q<sub>c</sub> are removed?

A)11 V

B)7.0 V

C)6.0 V

D)18 V

E)17 V

Q2) Suppose two equipotential surfaces are the planes x = 3 m and x = 5 m.If the potential at the x = 3 m surface is 10 V and the potential at the x = 5 m surface is 50 V,what is the magnitude of the electric field between the two surfaces?

A)40 N/C

B)20 N/C

C)15 N/C

D)10 N/C

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Chapter 17: Current and Resistance

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Sample Questions

Q1) A superconducting wire's chief characteristic is which of the following?

A)an extremely great length

B)a large cross sectional area

C)an extremely high temperature

D)no resistance

Q2) If a 500-W heater carries a current of 4.00 A,what is the resistance of the heating element?

A)85.7

B)42.8

C)31.3

D)11.2

Q3) Replacing a wire resistor with another of the same material and length but with three times the diameter will have the effect of changing the resistance by what factor?

A)1/3

B)1/9

C)3

D)9

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19

Chapter 18: Direct-Current Circuits

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Sample Questions

Q1) Three 6.0- resistors are connected in parallel.What is their equivalent resistance?

A)0.083

B)3.0

C)0.50

D)2.0

E)6.0

Q2) If R<sub>1</sub> < R<sub>2</sub> < R<sub>3</sub>,and if these resistors are connected in parallel in a circuit,which one has the highest current?

A)R<sub>1</sub>

B)R<sub>2</sub>

C)R<sub>3</sub>

D)All have the same current.

Q3) Household circuits are wired in ________.

A)series

B)parallel

C)both series and parallel

D)neither series nor parallel

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Chapter 19: Magnetism

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Q1) Which statement regarding the force of a magnetic field on a current-carrying wire is true?

A)The magnetic force on the wire is independent of the direction of the current.

B)The force on the wire is directed parallel to both the wire and the magnetic field.

C)The force takes its largest value when the magnetic field is parallel to the wire.

D)All of the above statements are false.

Q2) A superconducting wire carries a current of 7.0 kA.Find the magnetic field at a distance of 1.5 m from the wire.(µ<sub>0</sub> = 4 × 10 <sup>7</sup> T m/A)

A)9.3E-4 T

B)3.0E-4 T

C)2.9E-3 T

D)1.5E-3 T

E)5.9E-3 T

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Chapter 20: Induced Voltages and Inductance

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Q1) Two loops of wire are arranged so that a changing current in one,the primary,will induce a current in the other,the secondary.The secondary loop has twice as many turns as the primary loop.As long as the current in the primary is steady at 3.0 A,the current in the secondary will be

A)3.0 A.

B)6.0 A.

C)1.5 A.

D)zero.

Q2) What is the magnetic field strength inside the coil at its midpoint?

A)2.02E-3 T

B)6.74E-3 T

C)6.07E-4 T

D)4.95E-5 T

Q3) The "back emf" of a motor refers to a source of voltage that A)occurs when the motor runs backwards. B)occurs when the motor is used as a generator. C)is biggest when the current through the motor is biggest. D)is biggest when the motor turns fastest.

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22

Chapter 21: Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) In an LCR series circuit with X<sub>L</sub> > X<sub>C</sub>,the phase angle between the current and voltage phasors is 30°.If the AC frequency doubles,what is the magnitude of the resulting phase angle?

A)30°

B)less than 30°

C)more than 30°

D)Additional information is needed to reach a determination.

Q2) Determine the amount of energy carried in 2.0 m of a 4.6-mW He-Ne laser beam if the cross-sectional area of the beam is 4.1 × 10 <sup>6</sup> m<sup>2</sup>.

A)1.4E-10 J

B)4.9E-12 J

C)3.1E-11 J

D)6.1E-8 J

E)1.0E-11 J

Q3) The peak voltage of an AC source is 400 V.What is the rms voltage?

A)100 V

B)200 V

C)141 V

D)283 V

Page 23

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Chapter 22: Reflection and Refraction of Light

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Q1) Three flat layers of transparent material are stacked upon one another.The top layer has index of refraction n<sub>1</sub>,the middle has n<sub>2</sub> and the bottom one has n<sub>3</sub>.If n<sub>1</sub> > n<sub>2</sub> > n<sub>3</sub>,and if a ray of light strikes the top layer at an angle of incidence <sub>i</sub> = 30º,in which layer is the angle of refraction the greatest?

A)the top layer

B)the middle layer

C)the bottom layer

D)Once the ray enters the touching layers,the angle of refraction remains constant.

Q2) Diamond has an index of refraction of 2.419.What is the critical angle for internal reflection inside a diamond that is in air?

A)24.4°

B)48.8°

C)155°

D)131°

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Chapter 23: Mirrors and Lenses

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Q1) A contact lens is made of plastic with an index of refraction 1.50.The lens has an outer radius of curvature of + 1.65 cm and an inner radius of curvature of + 5.85 cm.What is its focal length?

A)-4.60 cm

B)+1.53 cm

C)+2.57 cm

D)+4.60 cm

E)-2.57 cm

Q2) Which best describes the image of a concave mirror when the object is located somewhere between the focal point and twice the focal point distance from the mirror?

A)virtual,upright and magnification greater than one

B)real,inverted and magnification less than one

C)virtual,upright and magnification less than one

D)real,inverted and magnification greater than one

Q3) When the reflection of an object is seen in a plane mirror,the image is

A)real and upright.

B)real and inverted.

C)virtual and upright.

D)virtual and inverted.

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Page 25

Chapter 24: Wave Optics

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Q1) A Young's double-slit experiment is performed,and the distance between bright fringes is d<sub>0</sub>.If the experiment is repeated,this time under water,what is the relationship between the new distance between bright fringes,d<sub>w</sub>,and the original distance,d<sub>0</sub>?

A)dw < d<sub>0</sub>

B)dw = d<sub>0</sub>

C)dw > d<sub>0</sub>

D)Not enough information

Q2) A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up.A screen is positioned 1.30 m from the double slits,and the spacing between the two slits is 0.0392 mm.The distance between alternating bright fringes is 1.16 cm.What is the light source wavelength? (1 nm = 10 <sup>9</sup> m)

A)312 nm

B)346 nm

C)321 nm

D)350 nm

E)325 nm

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Chapter 25: Optical Instruments

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Q1) Two thin lenses in combination are placed in contact with each other along a common axis.They have powers of 70 and -20 diopters,respectively.What is their combined power?

A)25 diopters

B)50 diopters

C)90 diopters

D)-25 diopters

E)70 diopters

Q2) When using an eyepiece of focal length f,the Yerkes refracting telescope gives a magnification of 800.What focal length eyepiece would yield a magnification of 500?

A)(8/5)<sup>2</sup>f

B)(5/8)f

C)(8/5)f

D)(5/8)<sup>2</sup>f

Q3) If a person is nearsighted the corrective lens will

A)take an object at the far point and form an image at 25 cm.

B)take an object at 25 cm and form an image at the far point.

C)take an object at infinity and form an image at the far point.

D)take an object at infinity and form an image at 25 cm.

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Page 27

Chapter 26: Relativity

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Q1) Which statement regarding Einstein's theories is correct?

A)According to special relativity,moving clocks run more slowly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field run more quickly..

B)According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field also run more quickly..

C)According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field run more slowly..

D)According to special relativity,moving clocks run more quickly than those at rest,and according to general relativity,clocks higher in a gravity field also run more quickly.

Q2) The speed of light is equal to

A)5.28 × 10<sup>7</sup> miles per hour.

B)one meter per nanosecond.

C)one light-year per year.

D)none of the above.

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Chapter 27: Quantum Physics

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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/67699

Sample Questions

Q1) Rosalind Franklin was

A)the maiden name of the wife of a president.

B)the producer of the x-ray diffraction photographs that led to the DNA structure.

C)the person who discovered that salt forms a crystal.

D)the discoverer of x-rays.

Q2) According to the de Broglie hypothesis,which of the following statements is applicable to the wavelength of a moving particle?

A)directly proportional to its energy

B)directly proportional to its momentum

C)inversely proportional to its energy

D)inversely proportional to its momentum

Q3) Of the following energies for photons,which is the least energy that could result in photoelectron production if the work function is 3.77 eV?

A)2.72 eV

B)3.19 eV

C)4.57 eV

D)6.98 eV

E)6.53 eV

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Chapter 28: Atomic Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) How many electrons are in chromium's (atomic number 24)next to outer shell (n = 3)?

A)1

B)14

C)12

D)13

E)8

Q2) Using quantum theories to study the hydrogen atom allows the prediction and experimental verification of many data about atoms such as He<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>2+</sup>.Some quantities that can successfully be predicted about He<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>2+</sup> in this manner are:

A)the color of the light they will emit.

B)their mass.

C)their abundance in nature.

D)All of the above.

Q3) An alpha particle is

A)a neutral helium atom.

B)any positively charged nucleus.

C)an x-ray.

D)None of the above.

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Chapter 29: Nuclear Physics

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88 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) To what is the radiation damage in biological organisms primarily due?

A)helium introduction

B)heating

C)induced radioactivity

D)ionization

Q2) The original nucleus and the final nucleus will be different isotopes of the same element for which decay scheme of the original nucleus?

A)alpha decay followed by two beta (electron)decays

B)two gamma decays

C)a beta (electron)decay followed by an alpha decay

D)a beta (electron)decay followed by neutron emission

Q3) If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles,then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?

A)reaction is exothermic

B)reaction is endothermic

C)atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40

D)atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80

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Chapter 30: Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles

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Sample Questions

Q1) The size and sign of the charge on an electron is the same as that for A)a positron.

B)an antiproton.

C)an antineutron.

D)an antineutrino.

Q2) If two quarks in an anti-proton have the color anti-red and anti-blue,the third quark must have the color A)red.

B)blue.

C)anti-purple.

D)anti-green.

Q3) If a photon produces an electron-positron pair and one other particle,the other particle may be a(n) A)muon.

B)antineutrino.

C)neutrino.

D)photon.

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