Survey of Early U.S. History
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive overview of United States history from its earliest Indigenous civilizations through the end of the Civil War. Students will explore the political, social, economic, and cultural developments that shaped the nation, including European colonization, the American Revolution, the formation of the Constitution, westward expansion, and the growing tensions over slavery. The course emphasizes major events, influential figures, and transformative movements that laid the foundation for the modern United States, while also considering the diverse experiences and perspectives of various groups in early American society.
Recommended Textbook
The Unfinished Nation A Concise History of the American People Volume I To 1877 5th Edition by
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Chapter 1: The Meeting of Cultures
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what way did sixteenth-century Europeans benefit from trade between the Americas and Europe?
A)Food prices sharply rose as new crops flooded the European market.
B)Health care improved as Indian medical practices were widely practiced in Europe.
C)A large number of new crops became available in Europe.
D)Trade with the Americas ended future food shortages in Europe.
E)Forced immigration of Indian slaves reduced labor shortages in Europe.
Answer: C
Q2) European life was relatively unchanged by the biological and cultural exchanges that took place after discovery of the New World.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Cattle, sheep, and sugar were three New World products introduced to Europe.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The first country to sponsor exploration by sea to the Orient was __________.
Answer: Portugal
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Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderland
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Q1) California was first colonized by Spain which used local Indians as its main source of labor.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The New Jersey colony developed no significant class of large landowners.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The suppression of Bacon's Rebellion helped spur
A)tobacco production.
B)slavery in Virginia.
C)European investment.
D)the triangular trade.
E)calls for independence from England.
Answer: B
Q4) Virginia did not become a royal colony until the eve of the American Revolution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Industrialization in colonial America was hampered by A)English parliamentary regulations.
B)a small domestic market.
C)an inadequate labor supply.
D)an inadequate transportation network.
E)All the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Q2) The characteristic social unit in New England was the nuclear family living on a farm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In the seventeenth century, it was easy for women to enter the medical field as midwives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Francis Bacon and John Locke were influential in the ideas of the ____________. Answer: Enlightenment
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Chapter 4: The Empire in Transition
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Q1) Following the Seven Years' War, the British government faced huge problems of imperial organization, but at least had ample funds to deal with those problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the years after the Glorious Revolution, political power in England increasingly shifted toward
A)the monarchy.
B)Parliament.
C)the citizens.
D)the Anglican Church.
E)the colonial governors.
Q3) The Stamp Act of 1765
A)was consistent with traditional parliamentary efforts to regulate commerce.
B)placed a heavy financial burden on American colonists.
C)helped to unite the colonies in opposition to the English government.
D)required the consent of the colonial assemblies before going into effect.
E)really affected only a few New England merchants.
Q4) The architect of the British military move on Lexington and Concord was General
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Chapter 5: The American Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shortly after signing the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the British government
A)evacuated its forts in America.
B)made restitution to slaveholders for slaves the British army had freed during the war.
C)attempted to purchase Florida.
D)restricted American access to British markets.
E)declared war on Spain to take its New World colonies away.
Q2) Financing the Revolution was difficult for the American side because
A)hard currency was scarce.
B)the printing of paper money was illegal.
C)foreign nations refused to loan money for its war effort.
D)bonds were not yet in use.
E)the colonists' wealth had all been kept in London.
Q3) What impact did the American Revolution have on the rights and status of women?
Q4) Which of the following nations opposed England during the American Revolution?
A)Belgium
B)Canada
C)the Netherlands
D)Portugal
E)Sweden
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Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic
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Q1) Madison and Jefferson responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by drafting the _____________________ Resolutions.
Q2) On September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve amendments, ______ of which came to comprise what we know as the Bill of Rights.
Q3) Explain how the structure of the central government, as defined under the Articles of Confederation, was intended to resolve many of the grievances colonists had with the British government prior to the Revolution.
Q4) In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the
A)agreement that half of all future states would allow slavery.
B)strengthened fugitive slave provision.
C)continuation of the slave trade for twenty years.
D)guarantee of the permanent continuation of slavery where it existed.
E)denial of suffrage to free black men.
Q5) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 greatly exceeded their instructions from Congress and the states.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian ERA
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Q1) During the War of 1812, the Hartford Convention
A)was a gathering of strong supporters of the war.
B)saw its participants vote to secede from the United States.
C)was made irrelevant by the Battle of New Orleans.
D)sought to strengthen the political influence of the South and West.
E)aimed to create a new political party, called the Whigs.
Q2) The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812
A)was signed on New Year's Day 1815.
B)was reluctantly negotiated by the British.
C)included the condition that the United States create an Indian buffer state in the Northwest.
D)put huge areas of the new lands under the control of the United States.
E)began an improvement in relations between England and the United States.
Q3) The Hartford Convention called for secession from the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In 1800, Virginia was the scene of a foiled slave revolt to be led by ___________.
Q5) Why did the War of 1812 take place? What resulted from it?
Q6) How did the Second Great Awakening compare with the First Great Awakening?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism
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Q1) The writing of the Monroe Doctrine
A)had an immediate and dramatic effect on American policy.
B)was primarily based on the earlier writings of Thomas Jefferson.
C)was motivated by American interests in Hawaii.
D)deeply angered the European powers.
E)was an important example of American nationalism.
Q2) The Marshall Court strengthened the federal government at the expense of the states.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Shortly after becoming president, James Monroe
A)acted to limit the future influence of Federalists.
B)called for an end to political parties.
C)undertook a goodwill tour of the country.
D)became the first president to leave the country while in office.
E)called for increased manumissions in the South.
Q4) President James Monroe began his administration under what seemed to be remarkably favorable circumstances.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Jacksonian America
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the early nineteenth century, many whites viewed Indians as "noble savages."
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the 1820s, under Nicholas Biddle, the Bank of the United States
A)was financially sound and profitable.
B)exercised little influence on state banks.
C)had restricted credit to growing enterprises.
D)prohibited the existence of state banks.
E)had to borrow credit from state banks to stay afloat.
Q3) The "Trail of Tears" taken by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became A)Texas.
B)Oklahoma.
C)Missouri.
D)New Mexico.
E)Nevada.
Q4) The Whigs were more concerned with their political philosophy than with winning elections.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Americas Economic Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of A)Catholics.
B)abolitionists.
C)Democrats.
D)Jews.
E)free blacks.
Q2) Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the A)slaves.
B)very poor.
C)middle class.
D)well-to-do.
E)very rich.
Q3) Examine technological developments in America between 1800 and 1860.What are the characteristic features in the advances made throughout this period?
Q4) The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v.Hunt (1842) declared that A)labor unions were lawful organizations.
B)labor strikes were illegal.
C)child labor laws were unconstitutional.
D)minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade.
E)unions must admit working women as members.
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Chapter 11: Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South
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Q1) Southern women generally had final authority on issues related to the home and children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most often, resistance to slavery took the form of open rebellion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The slave system may have created separate spheres for blacks and whites, but each race was nonetheless dependent on the other.
A)True
B)False
Q4) On the eve of the Civil War, ____________ was the major means of transportation in the South.
Q5) The nuclear family was the dominant kinship model among the slaves of the South.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Slaves were expected by their owners to attend church. A)True
B)False
Q7) The "peculiar institution" was _________________.
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Chapter 12: Antebellum Culture and Reform
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why were many utopian communities critical of the traditional role and status of women in American society? What alternatives did these communities offer?
Q2) Herman Melville's most important literary work was
A)Leaves of Grass.
B)Moby Dick.
C)The Deerslayer.
D)"The Raven."
E)Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Q3) Many blacks rejected the American Colonization Society's offer to return them to Africa.
A)True
B)False
Q4) William Lloyd Garrison was a harsh critic of the United States government.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The mid-nineteenth-century "age of reforms" was simultaneously attracted to ideas of personal liberty and social order.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Impending Crisis
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Q1) The Compromise of 1850 was made for the entry of __________________ into the Union.
Q2) In 1844, the Democratic Party was more pro-expansionist than was the Whig Party.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the 1820s, most of the settlers from the United States who migrated to Texas were
A)white Southerners and their slaves.
B)white Northerners.
C)free blacks.
D)Far West whites.
E)recently arrived European immigrants.
Q4) President Andrew Jackson did not favor the annexation of Texas.
A)True B)False
Q5) The United States went to war with Mexico in 1846 without a formal declaration of war.
A)True B)False
Q6) American diplomats issued the __________ Manifesto in an effort to acquire Cuba.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Civil War
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Q1) Jefferson Davis was popularly elected to be the president of the Confederacy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what ways did women participate in the Civil War, and how did their activities compare with the involvement of women in the American Revolution?
Q3) In 1865, as a result of the Civil War, in the South
A)there were more women than men in most states.
B)large numbers of widowed Southern women married Union soldiers.
C)few women could find employment.
D)the traditional roles of women were reinforced and maintained.
E)women were granted the right to vote for their wartime service.
Q4) What problems did each side have as they mobilized to fight the Civil War?
Q5) In 1861 Congress passed the ______________ Act, which declared that all slaves used for "insurrectionary" purposes would be considered freed.
Q6) Ulysses S.Grant believed in using the North's great advantage in troops and material resources to overwhelm the South.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Reconstruction and the New South
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Q1) During Reconstruction, in regards to land ownership in the South,
A)the Freedman's Bureau distributed millions of acres of land to freedmen.
B)most plantations abandoned during the Civil War remained vacant.
C)ownership by both whites and blacks increased.
D)the federal government vigorously acted to confiscate land owned by former Confederates.
E)ownership by whites declined while ownership by blacks increased.
Q2) President Johnson was impeached, but not convicted.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery." Explain this assessment by W.
B.Du Bois of the Reconstruction Era by offering the historical evidence which supports each of the three parts of the quote.Answers will vary. E.
Q4) "Seward's Folly" refers to the American purchase of ____________.
Q5) The "New South creed" was expounded by whites, not blacks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Conquest of the Far West
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Q1) In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West
A)presented a heroic image of cowboys.
B)perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom.
C)was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School.
D)All the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q2) The number of men in mining towns greatly outnumbered the number of women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A homestead unit of 160 acres was too small for grain farming on the Great Plains.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mining in the west
A)did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War.
B)flourished until the 1930s.
C)saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors.
D)kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base.
E)produced the region's first economic boom.
Q5) The 1869 completion of the _________________ speeded development of the West.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Industrial Supremacy
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Q1) Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward promoted a philosophy which he called ________________.
Q2) The first oil well was drilled in 1859 in western Pennsylvania by ______________.
Q3) Why were railroads such an important factor in the growth of industrial strength in America?
Q4) Until its repeal in 1885, the Labor Contract Law
A)discouraged immigration from non-European countries.
B)prevented the formation of labor unions.
C)put many new immigrants in debt to American businessmen.
D)was an attempt to reform American business practices.
E)mandated that each worker sign an individual contract with a company.
Q5) Describe the key technological developments which account for American industrial growth in the late nineteenth century.
Q6) The principal agent of industrial development in the late nineteenth century was the expansion of the _______________.
Q7) The most important leader of the Knights of Labor was _________________.
Q8) Andrew Carnegie elaborated his philosophy in a 1901 book titled
Page 19
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