Survey of Chemistry
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Chemistry provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of chemistry, emphasizing the structure and properties of matter, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, atomic theory, and the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids. The course also explores basic principles of organic and inorganic chemistry, the periodic table, and the role of chemistry in everyday life. Designed for non-majors or those seeking a foundational understanding, this course integrates theoretical concepts with real-world applications and laboratory experiences to develop scientific reasoning and problem-solving skills.
Recommended Textbook
Introductory Chemistry 4th Edition by Nivaldo J. Tro
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19 Chapters
1962 Verified Questions
1962 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Chemical World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scientific method ensures that poor theories are eliminated over time and good theories remain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Who discovered the law of conservation of mass?
A)John Dalton
B)Antoine Lavoisier
C)Nivaldo Tro
D)John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Quantification involves measurement as part of an observation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) An established theory is the pinnacle of scientific understanding.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many in<sup>3</sup> are in 2.20 cm?
A)36.1
B)10.6
C)0.1340
D)7.45
E)none of the above
Answer: C
Q2) The correct multiplier for the prefix pico is:
A)10<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>
B)10<sup>-</sup><sup>6</sup>
C)10<sup>-</sup><sup>9</sup>
D)10<sup>-</sup><sup>12</sup>
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q3) In multiplication or division calculations,the answer will have the same number of decimal places as the number carrying the most decimal places.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Matter and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solids have indefinite shape and volume.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) When methane is burned with oxygen,the products are carbon dioxide and water.If you produce 18 grams of water from 8 grams of methane and 32 grams of oxygen,how many grams of carbon dioxide were produced in the reaction?
A)40
B)22
C)58
D)18
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) What type of energy is associated with the burning of gasoline?
A)kinetic
B)potential
C)electrical
D)chemical
E)none of the above
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mendeleev's early periodic table predicted the existence of elements that had yet to be discovered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The smell of the ocean is caused by atoms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of electrons.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the charge on the ion formed by selenium?
A)1-
B)2-
C)1+
D)2+
E)none of the above
Q5) The atomic mass of individual atoms of an element may vary.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) When elements combine to form compounds,
A)their properties are an average of all elements in the compound.
B)their properties change completely.
C)their properties do not change.
D)their properties are completely random.
E)none of the above
Q2) The formula of a compound comprised of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom should be written properly as ON<sub>2</sub>.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The charge of a vanadium ion in the compound V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is:
A)5+
B)2+
C)10+
D)10-
E)none of the above
Q4) Although some substances we encounter in our routine lives are elements,most occur in the combined state.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Chemical Composition
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many moles are there in 17.5 grams of sodium?
A)22.99
B)1.05 × 10<sup>25</sup>
C)0.761
D)1.31
E)none of the above
Q2) The mole has a value of 6.023 × 10<sup>22</sup>.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a molecule.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The chemical formula CH<sub>2</sub>O can be classified as:
A)not enough information
B)molecular only.
C)empirical only.
D)empirical,possibly molecular.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following equation IS balanced: CH<sub>4</sub> + 2O<sub>2</sub>
CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following types of compounds will NOT undergo a gas evolution reaction when acid is added?
A)sulfides
B)carbonates
C)hydroxides
D)bisulfites
E)none of the above
Q3) Before a chemical equation can be written,one must know
A)the atomic mass of all the elements involved.
B)the molar mass of all the compounds.
C)the symbols and formulas of all reactants and products.
D)the number of moles of all reactants and products.
E)none of the above.
Q4) Combustion reactions emit heat and so can be classified as endothermic.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given the reaction: 2 Na(s)+ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) 2 NaCl(s)
The conversion factor for chlorine gas to sodium metal is: 2 mol Cl 2 mol Na
A)True
B)False
Q2) How many moles of water are made from complete reaction of 1.4 moles of hydrogen gas?
Given the reaction: 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> 2H<sub>2</sub>O
A)2.8
B)0.7
C)1.4
D)2.1
E)not enough information
Q3) For the following reaction you have 8 grams of hydrogen and 2 grams of oxygen. 2H<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> 2H<sub>2</sub>O
The theoretical yield of the reaction is 4 grams of water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest wavelength to longest?
A)Gamma Rays X-rays Ultraviolet Radiation Visible Light Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves
B)Visible Light Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves Gamma Rays X-rays Ultraviolet Radiation
C)Radio Waves X-rays Ultraviolet Radiation Visible Light Infrared Radiation Microwaves Gamma Rays
D)Gamma Rays X-rays Visible Light Ultraviolet Radiation Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves
E)Gamma Rays X-rays Infrared Radiation Visible Light Ultraviolet Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves
Q2) The possible values for the principal quantum numbers are: n = 0,1,2,3,4. A)True B)False
Q3) The atomic size of lithium is larger than the atomic size of nitrogen. A)True B)False
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Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding
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Sample Questions
Q1) The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>)are,respectively,
A)trigonal planar,bent.
B)tetrahedral,tetrahedral.
C)tetrahedral,trigonal pyramidal.
D)tetrahedral,bent.
E)none of the above
Q2) Which of the following has a tetrahedral electron geometry and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A)Br<sub>2</sub>O
B)GeH<sub>4</sub>
C)SO<sub>2</sub>
D)PF<sub>3</sub>
E)none of the above
Q3) Which molecule listed below is a polar molecule?
A)NH<sub>3</sub>
B)H<sub>2</sub>O
C)HCN
D)all of the compounds
E)none of the compounds
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Chapter 11: Gases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT part of the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
A)Gas particles do not repel each other.
B)There is a large distance between gas particles as compared to their relative size.
C)The size of the actual gas particles is small compared to the volume of the whole gas.
D)The average energy of the particles is dependent on the molecular mass of the particle.
E)All of the above statements are part of the Kinetic Molecular Theory.
Q2) What is the third most abundant component of dry air?
A)carbon dioxide
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)argon
E)smog
Q3) As we climb a mountain to a higher altitude,we experience a pressure decrease.
A)True
B)False
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13
Chapter 12: Liquids,solids,and Intermolecular Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ice is an example of a molecular solid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is false?
A)Evaporation is an endothermic process.
B)A puddle of water cools down as it evaporates.
C)As a liquid is converted into a gas,the liquid absorbs heat.
D)All of the above are true.
E)None of the above are true.
Q3) The tendency of a liquid to minimize its surface area is called:
A)capillary action.
B)viscosity.
C)surface tension.
D)vaporization.
E)none of the above
Q4) The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the intermolecular forces.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An osmosis cell is constructed of a "U" shaped tube with a semipermeable membrane separating the two arms of the tube.Suppose a concentrated solution is placed in the left arm of the U-tube,and a dilute concentration of the same substance is poured into the other arm to the same height.After a period of time has elapsed,you would expect to find that
A)the level of liquid in the left arm is now higher.
B)the level of the liquid in the right arm is now higher.
C)the levels in both arms stay at the same height.
D)no molecules of any type cross the membrane.
E)none of the above
Q2) We dissolve 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water.What is the mass percent of sugar in the solution?
A)1.21%
B)1.23%
C)2.42%
D)123%
E)none of the above
Q3) Colligative properties are independent of the amount of solute in solution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acids produce H ions in solution.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a property of acids?
A)Acids have a slippery feel.
B)Acids have a sour taste.
C)Acids turn litmus paper red.
D)Acids dissolve many metals.
E)All of the above are properties of acids.
Q3) The equation HCl (aq)+ H<sub>2</sub>O (l) H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq)+ Cl<sup>-</sup><sup> </sup>(aq)properly depicts the behavior of hydrochloric acid in water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Acids turn litmus paper blue.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Aluminum is one of the few metals that dissolves in a strong base.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE for a system that is in dynamic equilibrium?
A)The forward reaction goes to 100% completion.
B)The reaction rate of the forward reaction approaches zero.
C)The concentration of products is equal to the concentration of the reactants.
D)Both the forward and reverse reactions come to a halt.
E)none of the above
Q2) When dynamic equilibrium is achieved,the concentrations of reactants is equal to the concentrations of the products.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the [Ag<sup>+</sup>] at equilibrium,given AgCl,K<sub>sp</sub> = 1.77 × 10<sup>-10</sup>?
A)1.77 × 10<sup>-10</sup> M
B)1.33 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>5</sup> M
C)8.85 × 10<sup>-1</sup><sup>1</sup> M
D)3.54 × 10<sup>-10</sup> M
E)not enough information
Q4) Reaction rates generally increase as a reaction proceeds.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Oxidation and Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the oxidation state of the underlined element in the reaction: Cl<sub>2</sub> + Mg \(\to\) MgCl<sub>2</sub>
A)0
B)+2
C)-2
D)+4
E)-4
Q2) Which of the following are typically TRUE of an oxidizing agent?
1.It causes oxidation.
2.It gains electron(s).
3.It is the reduced substance.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)All of 1,2,and 3
E)Neither 1,2,or 3
Q3) Cars are being developed that run on hydrogen gas and the only emission is water.
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The energy of the sun comes from fusion reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The control rods of a nuclear reactor:
A)regulate the chain reaction because they contain catalysts.
B)regulate the chain reaction because they absorb the U-235 atoms.
C)regulate the chain reaction because they absorb the neutrons.
D)regulate the chain reaction because they produce positrons.
E)none of the above
Q3) Madam Curie discovered two new elements.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A positron particle comes from the decay of a proton into a neutron and a positron.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Alpha particles have lower penetrating power than the other types of radioactive emissions..
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name the following alkane: CH<sub>3</sub> - C = C - CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
| | CH<sub>3 </sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
A)2-propyl-2-isobutene
B)1-propyl-2-butene
C)1,1,3-trimethyl-1-pentene
D)3,4-dimethyl-2-pentene
E)none of the above
Q2) The formula of methyl propanoate is: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub>.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The generic condensed structural formula for carboxylic acids is RCOOH. A)True
B)False
Q4) Esters are best known for their awful odors such as that associated with the smell of rotten fish.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) A seven-carbon sugar is known as A)tetrose.
B)sevose.
C)hexose.
D)heptose.
E)none of the above
Q2) The portion of the cell that contains the genetic information is called: A)cytoplasm.
B)membrane.
C)nucleus.
D)mitochondria.
E)none of the above
Q3) The "m" in the term mRNA represents A)meta.
B)mini.
C)mitosis.
D)messenger.
E)none of the above
Q4) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Q5) Summarize the main features of the four categories of protein structure.
21
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