Survey of Art Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Art offers an expansive overview of artistic expression from ancient times to the present, examining major works, movements, and styles across diverse cultures and historical periods. Students will explore visual analysis, artistic techniques, and the social, religious, and political contexts that have shaped the production and reception of art. The course aims to develop critical thinking skills and visual literacy, fostering an appreciation for cultural diversity and historical change as reflected in painting, sculpture, architecture, and other art forms.
Recommended Textbook Gardner s Art Through the Ages A Concise Global History 3rd Edition by Fred S. Kleiner
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Chapter 1: Prehistory and the First Civilizations
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Q1) The stylistic conventions of rigidly frontal symmetry,abnormally large eyes,and tightly clasped hands are most characteristic of the early art of ____.
A) Jericho
B) Çatal Höyük
C) Sumer
D) Babylon
Answer: C
Q2) Assess the relationship between Egyptian conceptions of the after-life and Egyptian art.Use examples to support your essay.
Answer: NOT ANSWER
Q3) The most significant transformation of the human condition in the Neolithic period was a result of the ____.
A) discovery of fire
B) agricultural revolution
C) discovery of the potter's wheel
D) domestication of the dog
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Ancient Greece
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Q1) How is this work representative of its period? How is it innovative?
Answer: Lysippos,Apoxyomenos (Figure 2-49).Lysippos introduced a new canon of more slender proportions and broke the dominance of the frontal view by creating figures that broke out of the rectangular box that defined their space,thus causing the viewer to walk around the figures to fully appreciate the work.The Late Classical period was an era of political upheaval,and this is reflected in the art; new approaches dislodged older traditions.The work of Lysippos violated the canon developed by Polykleitos.
Q2) In what way does this figure mark a turning point in the depiction of the human figure?
Answer: Kritios Boy,c.480 BCE (Figure 2-31).The introduction of contrapposto (weight shift)marked a turning point in the representation of the human figure.The artist has depicted the weight shift by indicating the weight thrown onto one foot,creating a tension on one side and a relaxation on the other.The sculptor grasped the fact that when the human figure moves,it does so in a harmonious,smooth motion; when the human figure rests that smooth motion is trAnswerferred by a weight shift.The sculptor has also tilted the figure's head thus violating Archaic frontality,another major turning point in human figural representation.
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Chapter 3: The Roman Empire
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Q1) What is the purpose of this style of Roman mural painting?
Answer: Dionysiac mystery frieze,Villa of the Mysteries,Pompeii (Figure 3-18).This work is representative of the Second Style and depicts the Dionysiac rites and rituals.The painter has combined the imitative paneling of the First Style and created the illusion of a shallow space.This allows the characters to move about the room.
Q2) How did the reliefs on the Column of Trajan accurately record the character of the Dacian Wars?
A) Dacians were depicted as ferocious fighters.
B) Trajan was shown actively participating in battles.
C) Battles scenes only occupy one quarter of the frieze.
D) Roman soldiers are outnumbered by Dacian troops.
Answer: D
Q3) Explain the architecture of the Colosseum.What forms and materials did the builders use?
Answer: The building rests on a skeleton of barrel and groin vaults made of concrete.On the exterior,three stories of arches framed by columns supporting entablatures rise to the upper story of pilasters.The architects used the Tuscan Doric,Ionic,and Corinthian orders.The exterior is marble.
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Chapter 4: Early Christianity and Byzantium
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Q1) You have just discovered an old basilica.Explain how you will determine whether the structure was constructed for the Roman government or the Early Christian Church.
Q2) What was the classical revival in Byzantine art? Explain its significance.Use specific examples to support your essay.
Q3) Christ as the Good Shepherd appears in ____.
A) Old St.Peter's
B) Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
C) Santa Costanza
D) Hagia Sophia
Q4) Which icon is earlier? What similarities do both icons share and what changes have taken place between the first and second?
Q5) Which biblical story prefigured Christ's resurrection?
A) Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac
B) Jonah and the Whale
C) Adam and Eve
D) Entry into Jerusalem
Q6) Describe the features of each mosaic that make it a typical example of the Early Byzantine and Middle Byzantine styles.
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Chapter 5: The Islamic World
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Q1) Which of the following is built over the spot from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven?
A) Great Mosque, Isfahan
B) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
C) Great Mosque, Córdoba
D) Great Mosque, Kairouan
Q2) How do these images reflect Islamic design?
Q3) The ____ was constructed following the introduction of Islam to Jerusalem.
A) Temple of Jerusalem
B) Dome of the Rock
C) Sacred Temple
D) Mosque of Muhammad
Q4) Where and why does calligraphy appear in Islamic art and architecture?
Q5) Describe muqarnas.What was their function?
Q6) The orientation of all mosques,no matter period or country,must be oriented toward which city?
A) Medina
B) Mecca
C) Damascus
D) Jerusalem
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe
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Q1) Compare and contrast these two images.How are they alike and how are they different?
Q2) Which monastic order rejected figural sculpture?
A) Carthusians
B) Franciscans
C) Dominicans
D) Cistercians
Q3) Ottonian artists narrated religious stories using ____.
A) expressive figures
B) Latin inscriptions
C) linear perspective
D) all of these choices
Q4) In what way does this figure embody Romanesque sculptural style?
Q5) Explain the name "Romanesque." Then select three examples of Romanesque art and architecture and analyze their use of Roman ideas.
Q6) How do these two churches look forward to Gothic architecture?
Q7) Briefly evaluate the impact pilgrimage routes had on the architecture of Romanesque Europe.
Q9) Explain the importance of the plan for the monastery at Saint Gall Page 8
Q8) What period does each work represent,and how are the works alike?
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Chapter 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe
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Q1) To what does Italo-Byzantine refer?
Q2) What is opere francigeno?
A) The Gothic style of the Ile de France
B) The French operatic style
C) The Gothic style in Florence
D) The French concrete used for vaults
Q3) Why did Sienna commission the Maestà from Duccio?
A) to honor the city's patron saint, Santa Sienna
B) to illustrate the city's devotion to the Virgin
C) to celebrate the city's victory over Florence
D) to mark the inauguration of the cult of Mary
Q4) Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
A) use of elegant flowing contour
B) emphasis on drama
C) bold modeling of the figures
D) emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
Q5) How does the work of Ambrogio Lorenzetti reflect the historical,social,and political environment? Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) What is the cult of the Virgin and how did it impact Gothic art and architecture?
Page 10
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Chapter 8: The Early Renaissance in Europe
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Q1) The Camera Picta appears in the ____ family palace.
A) Gonzaga
B) Medici
C) Riccardi
D) Pazzi
Q2) Explain how this image tells its story.
Q3) Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?
A) Brunelleschi
B) Michelozzo
C) Alberti
D) Botticelli
Q4) Why is Rogier van der Weyden's Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin thought to be a comment on the painting profession?
Q5) Evaluate Donatello's contribution to the sculpture of the fifteenth century.Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Explain the advantages of oil paint over tempera.
Q7) Identify this painting and explain what it represents.
Q8) Describe one-point linear perspective.
Q9) How does this work reflect the interests of its patron? Page 11
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Chapter 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
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Q1) What anamorphic element appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors?
A) skeleton
B) seal of Francis I
C) death's-head
D) seal of Henry VIII
Q2) The façades of Palladio's Villa Rotunda include ____.
A) domes
B) pilasters
C) temple porches
D) colossal order
Q3) Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece is characterized by ____.
A) High Renaissance clarity and disegno
B) Lutheran iconography
C) a flat gold background
D) an exacting rendering of pain
Q4) Why is this work significant?
Q5) How is Christ in the House of Levi typical of Veronese's approach to art?
Q6) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Page 13
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Chapter 10: Baroque Europe
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Q1) How does this work represent the period and artist?
Q2) Velázquez began his career in ____.
A) Barcelona
B) Rome
C) Seville
D) Naples
Q3) How does Rigaud's Louis XIV communicate the king's power?
Q4) What is the Baldacchino at St.Peter's?
Q5) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q6) Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in ____.
A) landscapes
B) genre scenes
C) still lifes
D) portraits
Q7) Compare the Elevation of the Cross by Rubens with Zurbaran's Saint Serapion.
Q8) Explain how Versailles embodied French ideas about absolute monarchy.Cite specific examples in your answer.
Q9) Briefly describe the characteristics of Caravaggio's style. Page 14
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
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Q1) Which answer best describes the paintings by John Singleton Copley?
A) down to earth and informal
B) theatrical and majestic
C) graceful and sophisticated
D) moralizing and grandiose
Q2) Clodion's Nymph and Satyr Carousing illustrates the Rococo taste for ____.
A) classical art
B) moralizing lessons
C) erotic playfulness
D) coloristic effects
Q3) What is being expressed in this work?
Q4) Explain the impact of the Enlightenment and its major thinkers on art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) Compare the paintings of Hogarth and Reynolds.How does each address the issue of class? Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) What social and historical issues does this painting illustrate?
Q7) In what way do these works differ?
Q8) Discuss the ways in which the 18 -century interest in the natural,the sentimental,and the heroic was expressed in art.Use examples to support your essay. Page 16
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Chapter 12: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography,1800 to 1870
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Q1) Why did this work provoke a negative reaction when it was first exhibited?
Q2) How does this work reflect political events?
Q3) How is this an example of antiheroic painting?
Q4) Edmonia Lewis's Forever Free may refer to ____.
A) Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
B) slaves thrown overboard from slaving ships
C) the 1776 Revolution in the United States
D) the U.S.Civil War
Q5) What important process was introduced by Louis Daguerre and William Henry Fox Talbot in 1839?
Q6) To what event was Goya reacting when he painted Third of May,1808?
Q7) Manet used art to call attention to ____.
A) politics
B) religion
C) history
D) art
Q8) How does this work convey the Romantic attitude?
Q9) What material revolutionized architecture in the nineteenth century? How was it used? Page 18
Q10) Explain Thomas Eakins's approach to Realist themes.
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Chapter 13: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism,1870 to 1900
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Q1) What factor gave birth to the American skyscraper?
Q2) Extreme subjectivity and the need to see through appearances to a deeper reality were most typical of the ____.
A) Impressionists
B) Symbolists
C) Post-Impressionists
D) Realists
Q3) Explain pointillism.
Q4) What are the goals of Impressionist painting?
Q5) Cézanne's Basket of Apples departs from traditional painting techniques by exploring the still-life arrangement ____.
A) to illustrate the passage of time
B) to symbolize wealth and abundance
C) from a Socialist perspective
D) from different viewpoints
Q6) Compare and contrast the formal,iconographic,and technical characteristics of paintings by Degas and Renoir.Cite specific examples in your answer.
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Q7) How does this work reflect the principles of late-nineteenth-century architecture?
Chapter 14: Modernism in Europe and America,1900 to 1945
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Q1) How did each artist articulate a different purpose for art?
Q2) What was the Armory Show?
Q3) What subject matter did Jacob Lawrence use in his work?
Q4) Discuss the impact the Armory show (1913)had on the American art scene.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) Who created this work,and what is its theme? How does it relate to its social and historical context?
Q6) What is organic architecture?
Q7) How does this work capture the spirit of Surrealism?
Q8) Which of the following is an example of Synthetic Cubism?
A) The Dance
B) Nude Descending a Staircase
C) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
D) Still Life with Chair-Caning
Q9) Explain the principles of Surrealist art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q10) How does this photograph participate in avant garde art?
Q11) Discuss Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.How did this work re-shape the art of the early twentieth century? Include in your discussion the influences of Primitive art.Use examples to support your essay. Page 21
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Chapter 15: Modernism and Postmodernism in Europe and America, 1945
to 1980
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Q1) What is meant by Minimalist Art?
Q2) Assess the use of modern technologies in the arts of the late twentieth-century.How have artists transformed these "tools" into viable art-making processes? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) What two tools did Audrey Flack use to create her super-realistic paintings?
A) a paintbrush and a ruler
B) a projector and an airbrush
C) a grid and diluted acrylic paint
D) a silkscreen and a watercolor brush
Q4) British art critic Lawrence Alloway coined the term ____ to refer to artists who combined mass consumer culture with familiar imagery from everyday life.
A) Pop Art
B) Minimalist Art
C) Abstract Expressionism
D) Performance Art
Q5) Summarize the principles of feminist art as exhibited in the art of Judy Chicago.
Q6) Why did Andy Warhol use the silk screening technique in Green Coca-Cola Bottles?
Q7) What is the subject of this work?
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Art Worldwide
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Q1) Discuss the various influences on Jean-Michel Basquiat's style and choice of subject matter.
Q2) Jean-Michel Basquiat is often incorrectly described as a/an ____.
A) elitist
B) primitive
C) Minimalist
D) illustrator
Q3) Surrounded Islands by Christo and Jeanne-Claude was installed for a period of:
A) one year
B) fifty days
C) two weeks
D) ten years
Q4) Who is the subject of this work?
Q5) Explain the work of Kiki Smith.Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Robert Mapplethorpe is known primarily as a/an:
A) watercolorist
B) architect
C) sculptor
D) photographer
Q7) Why does Barbara Kruger intersperse text throughout her works of art?
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
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Q1) Describe the architecture of the Taj Mahal at Agra.How does it function within the complex? How does it reflect Mughal architecture? How does it represent Islamic iconography?
Q2) The pillars of Ashoka form which of the following?
A) the path to enlightenment
B) the cosmic mountain
C) the axis of the universe
D) the Wheel of the Law
Q3) Compare and contrast the Great Stupa at Sanchi to the gopura and Great Temple at Madurai.How are they different? Why is that difference significant?
Q4) Describe the function and basic layout of a Hindu temple.
Q5) Which of the following was an important Indus Valley site?
A) Ajanta
B) Sanchi
C) Mohenjo-daro
D) Sarnath
Q6) How did Akbar and the Elephant Hawai from the Akbarnama become a metaphor for Akbar's rule?
Q7) How does this structure express its architectural value?
Page 25
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Chapter 18: China and Korea
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Q1) The Namdaemun in Seoul was designed as a:
A) garden
B) temple
C) gateway
D) palace
Q2) How does this garden reflect Ming landscape?
Q3) How does this image represent the emperor?
Q4) The Flying Horse from the Tomb of Governor-General Zhang suggests that:
A) Zhang will be assassinated by his own people
B) Zhang will live to a very old age
C) Zhang will die at the hands of foreign rulers
D) Zhang will fly heavenwards into the afterlife
Q5) China is credited with the invention of which of the following?
A) clay
B) terracotta
C) porcelain
D) earthenware
Q6) How does the layout of the Forbidden City relate to the emperor?
Q7) Why was it significant that when this work was first exhibited it was anonymous?
Q8) How do Chinese gardens reflect the spirit of Chinese landscape painting?
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Chapter 19: Japan
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Q1) Evaluate the innovations in technique and composition found in the Tale of Genji.Consider the Japanese imperial court at this time.What influences can be seen? How did the court influence this work?
Q2) Briefly describe the early years after Buddhism was introduced into Japanese society.
Q3) The sculptor who created the Shaka triad for the Horyuji Kondo was ____.
A) Tori Busshi
B) Shunjobo Chogen
C) Lady Murasaki
D) Fujiwara Yorimichi
Q4) How does this work reflect the Kano School?
Q5) How did the Taian teahouse encourage intimacy among the guests and tea host?
A) The only guests invited were those who had already been friends for many years
B) The tea host visited with each and every guest one-on-one
C) They held each other's hands throughout the entirety of the ceremony
D) The room's dimness and tiny size encouraged the feeling of intimacy
Q6) Briefly discuss the influences Zen Buddhism had on Muromachi art.
Q7) Identify the style of this ceramic jar.
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Q8) What is the Taizokai (Womb World),and how does it reflect Shingon Buddhism?
Chapter 20: Native America
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Q1) A bound volume resembling a modern book is called a:
A) manuscript
B) velum
C) scroll
D) codex
Q2) When can humans join the Katsina world?
A) when males attain their majority
B) when females marry
C) when either male or female makes a pilgrimage to the Sangre de Cristo mountains
D) after death
Q3) Compare and contrast Tula and Chichén Itzá.How does each site respond to the needs of their respective groups? What are their similarities and how does each site function within its society? What outside influences might account for the similarities between them?
Q4) How are the cliff dwelling sites of the Anasazi significant?
Q5) How did Teotihuacán represent the civic,economic,and religious roles for the region?
Q6) How does this figure represent the Hopi?
Q7) How does the disk of Coyolxauhqui describe the Aztec psyche?
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Q1) You have discovered an African sculpture.What formal,material,and iconographic features will help you attribute the sculpture either to the Nok or the Ile-Ife culture?
Q2) Why are the Ile-Ife sculptures considered to be examples of idealized naturalism?
Q3) Nok figures are usually made of ____.
A) clay
B) bronze
C) copper
D) wood and straw
Q4) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q5) Explain the significance of this image.
Q6) Discuss how masquerades act as elements of social control in African cultures.Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) Why do scholars believe that the Great Zimbabwe had extensive trade networks?
Q8) What is the purpose of most African masquerades?
Q9) Describe how the figure is represented and why this is significant.
Q10) How do photographs like this allow for a fuller appreciation of African art?
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