Survey Methods
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey Methods introduces students to the foundational principles and practical techniques involved in designing, conducting, and analyzing surveys. The course covers topics such as sampling strategies, questionnaire construction, data collection methods, sources of bias, response rates, and ethical considerations in survey research. Students will learn how to critically assess survey quality, interpret survey results, and utilize software tools for data analysis. By exploring both theory and real-world applications, the course prepares students to design effective surveys and make informed decisions based on survey data across various fields.
Recommended Textbook
Basics of Social Research 3rd Canadian Edition by W. Lawrence Neuman
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Chapter 1: Doing Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) overgeneralization
Answer: Overgeneralization is an error people often make when using personal experience,rather than science,to acquire knowledge.It occurs when some evidence supports a belief,but a person falsely assumes that it applies to many other situations too.
Q2) time-series study
Answer: A type of longitudinal research in which a researcher gathers the same type of information across two or more time periods.
Q3) Which of the following statements is NOT true of tradition as an alternative source of knowledge?
A) It is a special case of authority.
B) It may begin as simple prejudice.
C) It means that you believe something to be true because "it's the way things have always been."
D) It can become distorted as it is passed on, to the point where it is no longer true.
E) It is the same as common sense.
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Theory and Social Research
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between empirical generalizations and middle-range theory?
A) Middle-range theories reflect assumptions of macrosocial theoretical frameworks while empirical generalizations do not.
B) Empirical generalizations are by necessity tentative, while middle-range theories are not.
C) Empirical generalizations are most often used by interpretivists while middle-range theories are most often used by positivists.
D) Middle-range theories are slightly more abstract than empirical generalizations.
E) Middle-range theories are made up of groups of empirical generalizations.
Answer: D
Q2) Which concept has the highest level of abstraction,i.e.,is the most abstract?
A) A murder
B) The size of a city's population
C) Years of education attained
D) Racial injustice
E) An African-American child
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Social Research
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Q1) research fraud
Answer: Unethical behaviour that occurs when a researcher fakes or invents data that he/she did not really collect,or fails to honestly and fully report how he/she conducted a study.
Q2) privacy
Answer: Privacy is the state of being free from intrusion into one's personal affairs.Researchers regularly invade subjects' privacy and these invasions raise ethical concerns,which are sometimes addressed by assurances of anonymity and confidentiality.
Q3) research fatigue
Answer: The perception by a community that has been extensively researched that they have experienced no measurable gains from participating in the research and are therefore uninterested in further participation.
Q4) principle of voluntary consent
Answer: The idea that researchers must never force anyone to participate in research,and do not lie to participants unless it is necessary to accomplish a legitimate research purpose.
Q5) anonymity
Answer: Research participants remain anonymous or nameless.
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Chapter 4: Reviewing the Scholarly Literature and Planning a Study
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the six steps to effective paraphrasing delineated in your text?
A) Do not use quotation marks when you borrow phraseology from the source.
B) Set the original aside and write your paraphrase on a note card.
C) Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.
D) Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a keyword or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
E) Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
Q2) ASR,APA,and MLA styles differ in subtle ways.Pretend you are quoting an imaginary passage from a journal article by an author named Steven Stephenson.The article was published in 2014 and the quote you are using comes from page 846.Create mock in-text citations using ASR,APA,and MLA format.
Q3) What are the steps to conducting a systematic literature review?
Q4) open access journals
Q5) state of the field
Q6) dissertation
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Designing a Study
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Q1) The worldwide "Great Depression" of the 1930s was caused by Michael Moneybags,a prominent New York Stock broker,who suffered from severe paranoia and told six wealthy friends to sell their stocks no matter what the price when he heard of a European bank going bankrupt in October 1929.Which logical error in causal explanation is presented in this explanation of the Great Depression?
A) Null hypothesis
B) Spurious statement
C) Ecological fallacy
D) Reductionism
E) None of the above
Q2) Durkheim's classic study,Suicide (1897),was criticized because
A) of his treatment of aggregate data as though they were individual-level data. B) of his treatment of individual-level data as though they were aggregate data. C) he pooled his data and treated the populations across countries as though they were comparable.
D) A and C
E) B and C
Q3) hypothesis
Q4) null hypothesis
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Chapter 6: Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement
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Q1) Semantic differential
Q2) Which one of the following is FALSE?
A) Ordinal measures have the properties of interval measures.
B) Interval measures have the properties of nominal measures.
C) Ratio measures have the properties of ordinal measures.
D) Ordinal measures have the properties of nominal measures.
E) All are true.
Q3) exhaustive attributes
Q4) During the conceptualization process,a quantitative researcher should
A) look for multiple dimensions of a construct.
B) ignore definitions of other scientists, because it creates confusion.
C) avoid thinking about measuring the concept.
D) use vague, general definitions to protect a definition from criticism.
E) include a mix of unrelated ideas in his or her definition.
Q5) interval-level measurement
Q6) conceptualization
Q7) conceptual definition
Q8) discrete variables
Q9) scale
Q10) validity Page 8
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Chapter 7: Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling
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Q1) Lucy Lively,a coffee aficionado,wanted to draw a sample of people in Ontario who own an authentic,imported Italian espresso coffee maker.There is no list of such people,and there is no reason to believe that they know each other.What type of sampling should Lucy use?
A) Selective case sampling
B) Snowball sampling
C) Simple random sampling
D) Purposive sampling
E) Quota case sampling
Q2) random number table
Q3) inferential statistics
Q4) theoretical sampling
Q5) purposive sampling
Q6) statistic
Q7) What steps are involved when drawing a cluster sample? Illustrate your answer with an example and also a summary of how you obtained the sample of 240 respondents.
Q8) target population
Q9) sampling ratio
Q10) theoretical saturation
10
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Chapter 8: Survey Research
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Q1) Identify the following type of question: "Do you have an opinion about the recent events in China?" [TO INTERVIEWER: IF NO,SKIP TO NEXT QUESTION.IF YES,CONTINUE.] "Please tell me if you 'Agree,' 'Disagree,' or 'Have No Opinion' regarding the statement: 'The Chinese government should give in to the demands of people staging mass demonstrations to free Tibet.'"
A) A partially open question
B) An open-ended question
C) A standard form question
D) A quasi-filter question
E) A full-filter question
Q2) When reporting survey research results,what is one item that you do NOT have to include?
A) Date of survey
B) Size of sample
C) Exact question wording
D) Method of survey (face-to-face, telephone, etc.)
E) The questionnaire
Q3) closed-ended question
Q4) funnel sequence
Q5) standard format question
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Experimental Research
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Q1) field experiment
Q2) In 1988,the Canadian federal government raised the speed limit to 110 km/h.Then,in 1996,individual provincial governments were given the choice to decide the highway speed limit in their own provinces and thus many raised it to 120 km/h.Proponents and critics of the law have looked at the number of traffic deaths per 1000 kilometres driven on the highways between 1988 and 1998 to see whether the law had any impact on traffic deaths.What type of design is this?
A) One-shot case study
B) Equivalent time series design
C) Pretest-post-test one-group design
D) Interrupted time series design
E) Solomon four-group design
Q3) Identify and describe three practical issues that all experimenters should be aware of.
Q4) static group comparison
Q5) statistical regression
Q6) quasi-experimental designs
Q7) diffusion of treatment
Q8) experimenter expectancy
Q9) experimental design
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis
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Q1) Quantitative content analysis involves ________,________,and operational definitions for abstract concepts.
A) nonrandom sampling, reactive measures
B) snowball sampling, intrusive measures
C) random sampling, precise measurement
D) unstructured observation, unobtrusive measures
E) nonrandom sampling, coding
Q2) coding frame
Q3) During the 1960s,which movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists wanting to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy?
A) General social survey movement
B) Well-being statistics movement
C) Quality of life movement
D) Census movement
E) Social indicators movement
Q4) reactive
Q5) intensity
Q6) structured observation
Q7) content analysis
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Quantitative Data
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Q1) Type II error
Q2) partials
Q3) z-score
Q4) cell of a table
Q5) Is a Type I or Type II error more likely if a 0.05 level is used? Explain.
Q6) Explain how a researcher codes,enters,and cleans data so that it can be used for statistical analysis.What procedures are involved in each of these steps?
Q7) range
Q8) Describe three ways a researcher can display information about univariate statistics.
Q9) If the true situation in the world is that there is no causal relationship,but a researcher states that there is a causal relationship,what error occurs?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Falsely reject the null hypothesis
D) Falsely accept the null hypothesis
E) A and C
Q10) scattergram
Q11) median Page 15
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Chapter 12: Qualitative Interviewing
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Q1) qualitative interview
Q2) follow-up questions
Q3) In what way does the qualitative interview differ from a friendly conversation?
A) The friendly conversation has an explicit goal or purpose, whereas the qualitative interview often does not have a specific goal in mind.
B) The friendly conversation contains many instances of repetition, whereas the qualitative interview tends to avoid going over the same details more than once.
C) In a friendly conversation the participants usually avoid abbreviations and jargon, but in a qualitative interview the interviewer tries to use the same jargon and expressions familiar to the participant.
D) In a friendly conversation the participants tend to speak out of turn and cut each other off, whereas in a qualitative interview the interviewer will often interrupt the participant's response in order to ask for clarification.
E) During a friendly conversation a pause or brief silence is acceptable, whereas in a qualitative interview pauses can be used by the interviewer to get the interviewee to elaborate on a previous point.
Q4) What are five specific limitations of focus groups?
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Chapter 13: Field Research
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Q1) During his observation of behaviour in a university computer lab,Dren Derob made a map that illustrated the placement of chairs,tables,computer monitors,the chalkboard,doorways,and windows.What kind of map did Dren make?
A) A spatial map
B) A spatial map and a temporal map
C) A temporal map and a social map
D) A temporal map
E) A social map
Q2) external audit:
Q3) What are the three most relevant factors a beginner should consider when selecting a field research site?
A) Richness of data, familiarity with the site, and suitability of the site
B) Ease of entry, familiarity with the site, and suitability of the site
C) Richness of data, ease of entry, familiarity with the site
D) Richness of data, unfamiliarity with the site, and suitability of the site
E) Richness of data, ease of entry, and suitability of the site
Q4) semi-participant
Q5) What kinds of issues are field researchers confronted with when it comes to the problem of adopting social roles in the field research setting?
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Chapter 14: Nonreactive Qualitative Research
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Q1) oral history
Q2) Which of the following statements is FALSE about historical research?
A) Historical researchers are flexible and adjust their initial concepts. They question or focus based on what they find in the evidence.
B) Historical researchers attempt to control bias that may arise from a point of view or perspective. They are totally neutral and objective.
C) Historical researchers often use "grounded theory."
D) Historical researchers focus on sequence and process. They tend to see social reality as constructed over time.
E) Historical researchers "translate" another culture or time period into terms that a reader can understand.
Q3) archives
Q4) primary sources
Q5) adawx
Q6) critical discourse analysis
Q7) summative content analysis
Q8) history
Q9) secondary sources
Page 19
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Chapter 15: Analysis of Qualitative Data
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Q1) selective coding
Q2) The methodological tool "ideal type" lends itself to searches for common causes with common outcomes.What is this method called and who is credited with advancing it?
A) Agreement; Weber.
B) Agreement; Mill
C) Association; Weber
D) Association; Mill
E) Comparison; Weber
Q3) Coding involves two simultaneous activities.What are they?
A) Analytical data categorization and grounded theory construction
B) Selective data elimination and analytical data sorting
C) Systematic data collection and creative data integration
D) Mechanical data reduction and analytical data categorization
E) Pragmatic data distillation and organic data reconstruction
Q4) infer
Q5) multiple sorting procedure
Q6) Compare the key differences that set qualitative data analysis apart from quantitative data analysis.What four features differentiate these two approaches? Identify and briefly describe each one.
Page 20
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Chapter 16: Combining Methods in Social Science Research
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Q1) Identify two of the four major quantitative approaches treated in your text and discuss their advantages.
Q2) What is one of the major advantages of using qualitative historical research methods compared to other qualitative forms of data collection?
A) It is nonreactive.
B) Data collection allows the researcher to formulate a deep understanding of a group and its members.
C) It is limited by the availability and quality of documents and data.
D) Using existing sources frees up the immense amount of time that the data collection procedure can take.
E) It does not involve a sampling phase.
Q3) Identify two of the five major qualitative approaches treated in your text and discuss their advantages.
Q4) interviewer effect
Q5) concurrent data analysis
Q6) triangulation
Q7) sequential data collection
Q8) monostrand design
Q9) sequence
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