Substance Abuse and Addiction
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex phenomenon of substance abuse and addiction, examining the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the development and persistence of addictive behaviors. Students will gain an understanding of the classification of substances, patterns of use, and the physiological effects of drugs on the body and brain. The course also discusses the impact of addiction on individuals, families, and society, as well as approaches to prevention, intervention, and treatment. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based practices, ethical considerations, and current trends in substance abuse and addiction research.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs in American Society 9th Edition by Erich Goode
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16 Chapters
456 Verified Questions
456 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A History of Drug Use
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The drug that is consumed the greatest number of times in the U.S.is:
A) alcohol
B) the nicotine in tobacco
C) the prescription amphetamines
D) the prescription narcotics
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) During national alcohol Prohibition (1920-1933),alcohol consumption in the United States:
A) increased
B) decreased
C) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year
D) cannot be estimated by researchers
E) none of the above
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: A History of Drug Control
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest legislation designed to reduce or eliminate a substance that is currently illegal was aimed at:
A) medications
B) alcohol
C) opium
D) marijuana
E) cocaine
Answer: C
Q2) Historians estimate that the number of narcotic addicts in the U.S.prior to 1914 was about:
A) 3,000
B) 30,000
C) 300,000
D) three million
E) 30 million
Answer: C
Q3) Briefly summarize the different definitions of what a "drug" is.Which of these definitions are most relevant to the approach adopted in this book,and why?
Answer: Answers will vary
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Pharmacological Perspective
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pharmacologically,a drug "action" takes place at the:
A) molecular level
B) behavioral level
C) chronic level
D) societal level
E) global level
Answer: A
Q2) An example of a "chronic" effect of a drug would be:
A) getting high or intoxicated
B) ataxia,or motor discoordination
C) dying of an overdose
D) cirrhosis of the liver
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)is an important consideration when assessing the harm or damage that a drug inflicts on its users and the user's peers.Weigh the relative harm that tobacco and alcohol inflict,in the light of YPLL.Do the same for the legal drugs versus the illegal drugs.Does the factor of YPLL significantly change our previous estimates of the picture of drug harm?
Answer: Answers will vary
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Chapter 4: The Sociologist Looks at Drug Use
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The substance that causes the greatest total harm with respect to death and disease is:
A) tobacco
B) alcohol
C) heroin
D) cocaine
E) prescription drugs
Q2) A Schedule I drug is one that the government defines as having:
A) medical utility and a low potential for abuse
B) no medical utility but a low potential for abuse
C) medical utility but a high potential for abuse
D) no medical utility and a high potential for abuse
E) none of the above
Q3) Taking LSD to get high is an example of:
A) illegal recreational use
B) legal recreational use
C) illegal instrumental use
D) legal instrumental use
E) none of the above
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Drugs in the Media
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the discussion on media bias:
A) none of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity
B) some of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity,while some do not
C) all of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity
D) as to whether and to what extent the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity is unknowable and cannot be determined E) none of the above
Q2) The year the American public most strongly believed that drug abuse was the nation's number one problem was:
A) 1959
B) 1969
C) 1979
D) 1989
E) 1999
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Studying Drug Use
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Inferential" statistics:
A) describe what something is like in quantitative terms
B) describe what something is like in qualitative terms
C) avoid making causal inferences among their variables
D) measure cause-and-effect relationships among two or more variables or factors in qualitative terms
E) none of the above
Q2) The samples of all of these data sources are huge,numbering in each case in the thousands.Would the data be as useful if their samples were smaller,say,just a few hundred? Explain why or why not.Several of these data sources are drawn exclusively from metropolitan areas,which means they do not represent-they are not a cross-section of-the American population as a whole.Does this limitation restrict their utility? Why or why not?
Q3) If you could design a study on drug use that would overcome whatever limitations or weaknesses that the available data sources have,what would this study entail?
Q4) Discuss the sources available to the researcher and assess which one produces data on drug use that are most relevant to the questions the public wants answered.Which one or ones are most relevant to the policy analyst? To the criminologist?
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Chapter 7: Explaining Drug Use
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reinforcement theories of drug use and abuse focus:
A) entirely on positive reinforcement
B) entirely on negative reinforcement
C) on both positive and negative reinforcement
D) neither on positive nor on negative reinforcement
E) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following is a "kinds of people" theory:
A) conflict theory
B) social disorganization theory
C) biological theories
D) anomie theory
E) subculture theory
Q3) Which of the following theories emphasizes inadequate parenting as the major explanation for deviance,crime,delinquency,and drug abuse?
A) social control theory
B) self-control theory
C) social learning and subculture theory
D) anomie theory
E) social disorganization theory
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Legal Drugs: Alcohol and Tobacco
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is:
A) positive-the greater a person smokes,the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely
B) negative-the greater a person smokes,the lower the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely
C) random-there is no statistical relationship between the amount a person smokes and the likelihood of dying prematurely
D) unknown
E) none of the above
Q2) Some countries have much higher rates of alcohol-related violence than others.Why in some countries is the consumption of alcohol related to violent behavior,while the drinking that takes place in other countries is much less frequently accompanied by violence?
Q3) One of the most striking and influential developments that has taken place in the sphere of public health in the past 40 years or so has been the sharp decline in cigarette smoking.Why has smoking declined and how is it socially patterned?
Q4) Why do you think such a strong relationship exists between the consumption of alcohol and engaging in risky,deviant behavior?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Prescription Drugs
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some drugs work mainly on the mind (the so called "mind" drugs)while others work mainly on the body ("body" drugs).Which of the following is mainly a "body" drug:
A) Valium,a benzodiazepine
B) Lipitor,a lipid regulator
C) hydrocodone,an opiate
D) Seroquel,an antipsychotic
E) diazepam,a sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizer
Q2) Non-psychoactive prescription drug types include the:
A) neuroleptics
B) sedatives,tranquilizers,and hypnotics
C) the antipsychotics
D) the depressants
E) none of the above; all are psychoactive
Q3) Which of the following prescription drugs combats dysphoria?
A) sedatives
B) antidepressants
C) narcotics
D) hypnotics
E) tranquilizers
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Chapter 10: Marijuana, Lsd, and Club Drugs
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enumerate some of the most characteristic indicators or measures of psychosocial unconventionality and discuss whether and how they correlate with recreational drug use,particular marijuana use.
Q2) After 2000,the rate of use of the club drugs: A) increased B) decreased C) remained stable
D) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year E) remains unknown
Q3) Is marijuana a dangerous drug? Assess the evidence on both sides of the argument.
Q4) Which of the following explanations for the "progression" of users from the use of marijuana to the use of more dangerous drugs focuses on properties inherent within the drug that cause this phenomenon? The:
A) sociocultural school
B) predisposition school
C) selective interaction/socialization school
D) pharmacological school
E) none of the above
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Chapter 11: Stimulants: Amphetamine, Methamphetamine,
Cocaine, and Crack
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what region of the country is methamphetamine most likely to be used?
A) the Mid-Atlantic region of NJ,NY,DE,MD,DC,and PA
B) the New England states
C) the South
D) the West Coast states of CA,OR,and WA
E) the Midwest
Q2) Cocaine is a:
A) Schedule I drug
B) Schedule II drug
C) Schedule III drug
D) Schedule IV drug
E) Schedule V drug
Q3) Which of the following countries are the origin of the plant from whose leaves cocaine is extracted?
A) Mexico,Guatemala,and Honduras
B) Peru,Bolivia,and Colombia
C) Thailand,Cambodia,and Vietnam
D) Turkey,Iran,and Iraq
E) Algeria,Libya,and Egypt
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Chapter 12: Heroin and the Narcotics
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following effects is not an effect of the relevant or appropriate dose or doses of narcotic drugs?
A) euphoria
B) mental clouding
C) addiction-a physical dependence
D) analgesia
E) all are effects of the narcotics,given the relevant dose or doses
Q2) Summarize what we know about narcotic use and abuse over time from the indicators and sources of data we have-such as surveys,overdose statistics,drug tests of arrestees.
Q3) Together,the OTC painkillers aspirin,acetaminophen (Tylenol),and ibuprofen cause:
A) no DAWN ED episodes
B) tens of thousands of DAWN ED episodes
C) hundreds of thousands of DAWN ED episodes
D) millions of DAWN ED episodes
E) none of the above
Q4) From interviews,we discover that drug use among arrestees can be divided into three "eras." Describe what those eras were and which drugs tended to be used by arrestees during each.
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Chapter 13: Trafficking in Illicit Drugs
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of drugs that appear in DAWN's overdose statistics also makes a substantial contribution to the drugs-crime nexus?
A) marijuana,MDMA,and LSD
B) alcohol,cocaine,and heroin
C) antipsychotics and antidepressants
D) Adderall,Ritalin,and amphetamine
E) sedatives,hypnotics,and tranquilizers
Q2) The statistical correlation between the use of any and all illicit drugs and engaging in criminal behavior is:
A) positive
B) negative
C) random
D) unknown
E) none of the above
Q3) What theories or models best explain the relationship between alcohol and violence?
Q4) Drug researchers have proposed three models of the nexus between drug use and violent behavior.What are they and which seems most adequate today?
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Chapter 14: Law Enforcement, Drug Courts, and Drug Treatment
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where do drugs come from? Experts have identified three "models" of drug production.What are they? How do they give us clues to the illicit drug production and distribution system? Do paths of drug distribution change over time? Why or why not? What determines where drugs come from and where they go?
Q2) Over the past three or four decades,the illicit drug market has:
A) become much more centralized,organized,and hierarchical
B) become extremely decentralized
C) remained at the same level of centralization
D) remained secrete-unknown and unknowable
E) none of the above
Q3) Which of the following corresponds most closely to the "mixed" model of illicit drug manufacture and sale?
A) Ecstasy (MDMA)
B) opium
C) marijuana
D) heroin
E) methamphetamine
Q4) What two factors are absolutely necessary to drug use and abuse? Are they sufficient,each by itself? Explain.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Law Enforcement, Drug Courts, and Drug Treatment
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regardless of the evidence supporting one or the other side of this argument,what do you think will be the actual drug control policy during the coming decade or two?
Q2) Alcohol is:
A) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act
B) classified as a Schedule I drug
C) classified as a Schedule II drug
D) classified as a Schedule III drug
E) none of the above
Q3) If drug courts are as effective as their supporters claim,why haven't they substantially reduced drug abuse to a minor social problem?
Q4) Approximately what percentage of the federal prison population is made up of drug offenders?
A) none-drug possession and sale are not federal offenses
B) a minority,though a substantial minority-about 20-25 percent
C) about half (roughly 50-55%)
D) a substantial majority-about 75 percent
E) all of them (100%)
Q5) Predict what you believe the U.S.drug policy will look like a century from now.
Q6) Should methadone be administered to all narcotic addicts? Why or why not?
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Chapter 16: Legalization, Decriminalization, and Harm Reduction
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of what drug legalizers have written has focused on:
A) detailing the particulars of a viable and workable drug legalization program.
B) explaining how drug legalization can usher in the socialist revolution.
C) detailing existing alternate legalization programs,such as those that have been instituted in West Europe.
D) criticizing the flaws of current punitive policy.
E) none of the above.
Q2) The drug policy in the Netherlands is:
A) full legalization for all psychoactive substances,which are brought under state control,as with alcohol.
B) full decriminalization for all psychoactive substances,which means no legal controls whatsoever.
C) de facto but not de jure legalization for all psychoactive substances.
D) de facto but not de jure legalization for marijuana,and keeping the sale of the hard drugs,such as cocaine and heroin,illegal.
E) none of the above.
Q3) Does criminalization lower the demand of,and hence the use of,illicit drugs?
Q4) Summarize the four main proposals to reform the drug laws.
Q5) What are drug courts and how effective are they?
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