Strategic Management
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Strategic Management is an advanced course that explores the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of organizational strategies that drive long-term success and competitive advantage. Students examine key concepts such as environmental analysis, strategic planning, resource allocation, and performance measurement within diverse business contexts. The course emphasizes critical thinking and decision-making through the use of real-world case studies and simulations, enabling students to understand how strategies are developed at executive levels and how they impact all aspects of an organization. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the tools and frameworks necessary to analyze complex strategic issues and contribute effectively to organizational growth and sustainability.
Recommended Textbook
Business Research Methods 11th Edition by Donald Cooper
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Research in Business
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Q1) Which term refers to procedures for generating replicable research that are systematic and empirically-based?
A) Scientific management
B) Total quality management
C) Scientific method
D) Theoretical research
E) Applied research
Answer: C
Q2) Researchers have the ethical responsibility to guard the welfare of _____.
A) research participants
B) clients
C) colleagues
D) organizations to which they belong
E) all of the above
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Business Research
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Q1) _____ occurs when the participants are told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised.
A) Coercion
B) Deception
C) Informed consent
D) Debriefing
E) Manipulation
Answer: B
Q2) What legislation requires posting of privacy policies on child-oriented Web sites,requires verifiable parental consent before collecting information from children,and gives parents access to and deletion authority over the information provided by their children younger than 13 years of age?
A) Civil Rights Act
B) Privacy Protection Act
C) Consumer Bill of Rights
D) Children's Seal
E) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Thinking Like a Researcher
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Q1) Explain the essential tenets of the scientific method and why this method is important for business research.
Answer: The scientific method is an approach to problem-solving that is based on 1)direct observation of phenomena,2)clearly defined variables,3)empirically tested hypotheses,4)elimination of rival hypotheses,5)statistical justification of conclusions,and 6)a self-correcting process.It is important as a basis for business research because it ensures that the conclusions we state from research results from empirical data and that other conclusions have been eliminated through the process.
Q2) _____ variables product data that fit into three or more categories with specific assigned values.
A) Dichotomous
B) Discrete
C) Operational
D) Independent
E) Continuous
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: The Research Process: an Overview
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Q1) All of the following components are included in the overview section of a research report except _____.
A) problem background
B) findings from secondary sources
C) research design
D) procedures
E) recommendations
Q2) The question,"Should products be withdrawn if even one death is associated with its prescribed use,even if no fault for the tampered product accrues to the manufacturer?" is an example of a(n)_____.
A) ill-defined problem
B) strip data mining issue
C) favored-technique problem
D) unresearchable question
E) politically-motivated question
Q3) What are the three types of budgets in organizations where research is purchased and cost containment is crucial? List and describe each one.Is one more desirable than the others? Explain.
Q4) Explain the difference between interim evaluation and ex post facto evaluation.
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Chapter 5: Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary
Data and Exploration
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of a primary source of information?
A) Census data
B) Newspaper articles
C) Encyclopedias
D) Google searches
E) Internal sales reports
Q2) Explain the steps involved in the data mining process.
Q3) Which source of information listed below lists members of congress and congressional committees as well as key personnel throughout the U.S.government?
A) ABI/Inform
B) Congressional Directory
C) U.S. Government Manual
D) J.D. Power
E) Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
Q4) All of the following are factors useful in evaluating a source except _____.
A) purpose
B) scope
C) cost
D) authority
E) audience
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Chapter 6: Research Design: An Overview
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Q1) Street ethnography is used in exploratory research to _____.
A) gather information from well-informed people
B) describe the culture and structure of a group
C) examine underlying attitudes
D) study the use of space
E) evaluate body-motion communication
Q2) A statistical study is one that _____.
A) attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
B) emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations
C) discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much
D) attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
E) provides repeated measures over an extended period of time
Q3) Which of the following is not a type of evidence used to test causal hypotheses?
A) Covariation between variables A and B
B) Time order of events
C) Alternative causes
D) Disposition of variable B
E) All of the above can be used to test causal hypotheses
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Chapter 7: Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following research purposes are associated with qualitative research?
A) Description
B) Prediction
C) Theory building
D) Theory testing
E) Forecasting
Q2) Convenience sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique in which _____.
A) participants are chosen arbitrarily for their unique characteristics, experiences, or attitudes
B) participants are chosen and then refer others with similar or different characteristics
C) researchers select any readily available individuals as participants
D) researchers systematically select participants from a sampling frame
E) researchers chose readily available individuals as participants but seek to ensure a good mix of demographic characteristics
Q3) Explain the three types of nonprobability sampling techniques commonly used to select samples for qualitative research studies.
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Chapter 8: Observation Studies
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Q1) Recording the radio station presets on cars brought into car repair shops is an example of _____.
A) linguistic observation
B) trace evidence
C) nonverbal behavior
D) spatial behavior
E) temporal behavior
Q2) Jason is conducting research to better understand how consumers respond to the atmosphere and environment in restaurants.He visits several restaurant locations and uses a checklist to record the behaviors he observes in each restaurant.Which classification best fits Jason's observation study?
A) Unstructured/ natural
B) Unstructured/laboratory
C) Structured/ natural
D) Structured/ laboratory
E) Direct/ participant
Q3) Research designs are classified as communication or observation by the approach used to gather primary data.Identify five conditions under which observation is an appropriate method for data collection.
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Chapter 9: Experiments
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Q1) Compensatory rivalry refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.
A) people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group
B) researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment
C) competition arises between the groups
D) control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment
E) an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study
Q2) The greatest weakness to the pretest-posttest control group design is _____.
A) reliability
B) causality
C) external validity
D) internal validity
E) espionage
Q3) Explain the primary differences between preexperiments,true experiments,and quasi-experiments.
Q4) List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) Explain the meaning of nonresponse error.How can researchers reduce the potential for nonresponse error?
Q2) Surveys are used in _____ research studies.
A) monitoring
B) communication
C) observation
D) behavioral observation
E) nonbehavioral observation
Q3) Brittany is considering an intercept survey as the data collection mode for the drinking behavior and sexual activity study.To execute this type of study,she could
A) email students
B) send a survey to a student's permanent address
C) approach students outside the dining hall
D) telephone students using cell phone numbers
E) text message students
Q4) Identify the three sources of error in communication research.Explain how each source can contribute to error.
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Chapter 11: Measurement
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Q1) What is the arithmetic mean for the business research exam scores?
A) 74.4
B) 78
C) 72
D) 50
E) Between 50 and 100
Q2) The _____ is the midpoint of a distribution.
A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) range
E) dispersion
Q3) Calendar time is expressed on a(n)_____ scale while minutes,hours,and days are expressed on a(n)_____ scale.
A) nominal, ordinal
B) ordinal, interval
C) interval, ratio
D) ordinal, ratio
E) nominal, interval
Q4) Name the four sources of error in measurement and provide an example for each.
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Chapter 12: Measurement Scales
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Q1) A conative basis for an attitude means that the attitude is based on a _____.
A) feeling
B) behavior
C) value
D) culture
E) belief
Q2) The data obtained from a Stapel scale can be analyzed in the same way as data obtained with a _____ scale.
A) dichotomous
B) constant sum
C) semantic differential
D) multiple-choice, multiple-response
E) graphic rating scale
Q3) All of the following may be used with graphic rating scales except _____.
A) icons
B) pictures
C) words
D) comparisons
E) numbers
Q4) Explain the three bases for attitudes.Provide an example for each one.
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Chapter 13: Questionnaires and Instruments
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Q1) All of the following questions must be answered prior to designing a questionnaire except _____.
A) What type of scale is needed to perform the desired analysis to answer the management question?
B) What data collection mode will be used?
C) Should the question be structured, unstructured, or some combination?
D) Should the questioning be disguised or undisguised?
E) How will the results be translated into managerial recommendations?
Q2) A study of donor behavior for the Tsunami Relief Fund seeks to identify participation from consumers through indirect gifts such as purchasing items of which a portion of proceeds will benefit Tsunami victims.Because such purchases do not record whether an individual made the purchase decision as a form of donation,a survey will be used to identify this behavior.In writing the target questions for the study,the instrument designer should be aware of errors arising from the issue of _____.
A) precision
B) time for though
C) sensitive information
D) recall and memory decay
E) presumed knowledge
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Chapter 14: Sampling
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Q1) What type of sampling method should Brittany use?
A) Simple random
B) Systematic
C) Stratified
D) Cluster
E) Double
Q2) In the Hilton example,the population for the study is _____.
A) travelers requiring overnight lodging
B) guests at Hilton-brand hotels
C) Hilton Honors club members
D) the top 10% of Hilton Honors club members
E) the 90% of Hilton Honors club members who are not brand loyal
Q3) In which sampling technique,are participants in a study selected by referral?
A) Convenience
B) Judgment
C) Quota
D) Snowball
E) Area
Q4) What is the difference between a probability sample and a nonprobability sample? Which one is preferred by researchers? Explain.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Data Preparation and Description
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Q1) With the _____ method,missing values are estimated using all cases that had data for each variable in the analysis.
A) pair-wise deletion
B) replacement
C) listwise deletion
D) minimized deletion
E) case-specific deletion
Q2) For the vacation survey question,how many variables would be represented in the codebook with this question?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6
Q3) A _____ is equal to the observation minus the mean.
A) standard deviation
B) deviation score
C) range
D) mode
E) quartile
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Chapter 16: Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data
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Q1) A tree-type frequency distribution that specifies each data value without equal interval grouping is called a _____.
A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) stem-and-leaf displays
D) pie chart
E) line graph
Q2) Which of the following display choices is most similar to the histogram?
A) Bar chart
B) Pie chart
C) Boxplot
D) Stem-and-leaf display
E) Line graph
Q3) When will the valid percent figure in a frequency table differ from the percent figure?
A) When the cumulative percent exceeds 100%
B) When there are missing cases
C) When using replacement for missing values
D) When the frequency exceeds 10
E) Valid percent and percent will always be the same
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Chapter 17: Hypothesis Testing
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Q1) The hypothesis that the number of hours worked is related to student grade point average is a _____ hypothesis.
A) null
B) one-tailed test
C) two-tailed test
D) test of proportions
E) test of means
Q2) The hypothesis that men and women use the Internet approximately the same number of hours per week is a _____ hypothesis.
A) null
B) one-tailed test
C) two-tailed test
D) test of proportions
E) test of means
Q3) ANOVA can be used as a parametric test of _____.
A) one sample
B) two-related samples
C) two-unrelated samples
D) k-independent samples
E) all of the above
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Chapter 18: Measures of Association
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Q1) In bivariate regression,which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination,r<sup>2</sup>?
A) r<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two variables
B) r<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>varies between 0 and 1
C) r<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in X
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>proportionately to N?
A) Phi
B) Cramer's V
C) Contingency coefficient C
D) F ratio
E) Scheffe's S
Q3) Briefly explain how a researcher can benefit from using scatterplots.
Q4) Explain how a researcher should interpret a correlation coefficient.
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Chapter 19: Multivariate Analysis: An Overview
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Q1) The creation of _____ lie at the heart of multidimensional scaling.
A) perceptual maps
B) pair-wise tables
C) part-worth functions
D) eigenvalues
E) covariance matrices
Q2) Multidimensional scaling is a statistical technique that _____.
A) identifies homogeneous subgroups
B) identifies patterns underlying combinations of the original variables capable of summarizing the original set
C) develops a perceptual map of the locations of some objects relative to others
D) predicts or explains the value for a dependent variable using the values of independent variables
E) uses two or more independent, metric variables to classify observations into categories of a nominal, dependent variable
Q3) List and explain the five steps researchers take when using structural equation modeling.
Q4) Explain when and how a researcher would go about conducting a factor analysis.
Q5) List the five steps that are basic to most cluster studies.
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Chapter 20: Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
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Q1) All of the following are contained in a research report except _____.
A) findings
B) analysis of findings
C) interpretations
D) conclusions
E) all of the above are part of a research report
Q2) John must submit a progress report to his client every six weeks throughout the research project.What type of report should John use?
A) Formal
B) Technical
C) Short
D) Management
E) Long
Q3) What type of chart uses symbols rather than bars to represent frequency data?
A) Line graph
B) Pie chart
C) Area chart
D) Pictograph
E) Map
Q4) Provide some advice for a person writing a short research report.
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Chapter 21: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral
Presentations
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Q1) In a research presentation,a supporting material known as "analogy" is defined as:
A) a critical incident selected to prove an overarching claim; brief rather than detailed stories.
B) numerical data used in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, but also found in data collection planning.
C) a comparison between two different things to highlight a point of similarity; not offered as conclusive proof for an argument, but may be useful to clarify the argument or presenter's position.
D) an implicit comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common; expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar, achieving its effect via association, comparison, and resemblance.
E) verifiable data about situations that exist or events that are known to have occurred; often involving statistical data.
Q2) Provide some advice for an inexperienced speaker who is preparing to make an oral presentation.
Q3) Describe four of the seven supporting materials for presentations listed in the chapter.
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