Statistics for the Social Sciences Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Statistics for the Social Sciences introduces students to the fundamental concepts and methods of statistical analysis as they apply to social science research. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, and regression analysis, emphasizing practical applications and the interpretation of results within the context of the social sciences. Through a combination of lectures, hands-on exercises, and real-world case studies, students will learn to collect, analyze, and present data, equipping them with essential quantitative skills for conducting and evaluating research in disciplines such as sociology, psychology, political science, and education.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following results in an abuse of statistical power?
A)too large a sample
B)too small a sample
C)a nonrandom sample
D)a correlative experimental design
E)all of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following orders is the correct one for the level of scientific scrutiny of a research study (from highest to lowest scrutiny)?
A)journal article, convention paper, book
B)book, convention paper, journal article
C)convention paper, book, journal article
D)newspaper, convention paper, book
E)none has the correct order
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the previous set of numbers, what is the cumulative percentage, including the second interval rounded to one decimal place?
A)62.96%
B)62.9%
C)63.0%
D)62.9629%
Answer: C
Q2) A positively skewed distribution is also said to be
A)skewed normally
B)skewed left
C)skewed down
D)skewed up
E)none of the above
Answer: E
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mean (rounded to two decimal places) of the following set of first-time statistics students' ages: 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 29, 33, 64?
A)24.5
B)25
C)24.50
Answer: C
Q2) What is the standard deviation of the salaries (rounded to a whole number)?
A)81,000
B)81,111
C)88,000
D)14,701
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis
Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) From what negative z score to what positive z score would cut off the middle .6826 of the z distribution?
A)± 1.64
B)± 1.96
C)± 2.00
D)± 1.00
Q2) What proportion of scores on a z distribution falls between a z score of -1.00 and a z score of 1.00?
A).3413
B).6826
C).7500
D).9500
Q3) From what negative z score to what positive z score would cut off the middle .9500 of the z distribution?
A)± 1.64
B)± 1.96
C)± 2.00
D)± 1.00
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Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics: The Controlled Experiment,
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trend in the data means that the experimenter
A)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .05
B)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .01
C)did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so D)none of the above
Q2) The difference between two means in a controlled experiment that is just attributed to chance or random error is called ___________ in the signal-to-noise ratio.
A)signal
B)to
C)noise
D)ratio
Q3) In the section "Can Statistics Solve Every Problem?" your course author argues
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given a strong negative correlation, a score that is relatively high on variable x will be relatively _____ on variable y.
A)low
B)medium
C)high
D)significant
Q2) The _____________ hypothesis establishes whether a one-tailed or two-tailed significance test will be used.
A)null
B)alternative
C)general
D)specific
Q3) Variables may be analyzed and studied long after the data have been gathered.Such data are known as _______ data.
A)correlation
B)experimental
C)archival
D)archetypal
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Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The value of the numerator (either or -) in the t test formula for this problem is
A)0.378
B)6.67
C)7.00
D).051
Q2) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Q3) The overall results would mean that
A)the new drug significantly lowers anxiety levels compared to a placebo
B)the new drug lowers anxiety levels by a factor of .01
C)the new drug is significant
D)the new drug lowers anxiety levels compared to a placebo but not significantly
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Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Q1) The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately
A)0.08
B)4.50
C)4.42
D).333
Q2) What statistical decision is appropriate?
A)retain the null hypothesis
B)reject the null hypothesis
C)reject the alternative hypothesis
D)the results are significant at p < .001
Q3) The derived t value from the formula is
A)0.938
B)4.500
C)4.417
D)0.200
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Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) An omnibus hypothesis means that
A)there are many different possible outcomes
B)there is a single outcome
C)there are two outcomes but three alternatives
D)there are two null hypotheses
Q2) One way to determine the effect size in ANOVA is
A)omega-squared
B)F squared
C)alpha-squared
D)beta-squared
Q3) The sum of squares between groups (SSB) for this problem is A)17,451.714
B)63,902.714
C)21.293
D)46,451.000
Q4) The sum of squares total (SST) for this problem is
A)17,451.714
B)63,902.714
C)21.293
D)46,451.000
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) The value of q in the appendix for Tukey's q values is
A)3.90
B)4.91
C)3.85
D)4.80
Q2) The value of N in the Tukey's HSD formula for the above problem is A)7
B)14
C)28
D)40
Q3) In the sample problem in Chapter 10, which of the following is true?
A)The mean driving score for the 100-mg group was significantly greater than the placebo group.
B)The mean driving score for the 100-mg group was significantly less than the placebo group.
C)The mean driving score of the 100-mg group was not significantly different from the placebo group.
D)The 100-mg group statistically had the highest mean driving score.
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for SST are A)3
B)6 C)27 D)35
Q2) The error term sum of squares (SSW) for this problem is
A)8,524,828.52
B)784,628.05
C)24,869.08
D)2,344.57
Q3) The degrees of freedom for SSB are A)3
B)18 C)24 D)35
Q4) The sum of squares for treatments (SSB) for this problem is A)285,285.94
B)5,948,285.98
C)82,485.38
D)9,064.68
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA, there are
A)2 independent variables
B)7 independent variables
C)12 independent variables
D)3 independent variables
Q2) In the _______________ effects ANOVA design, the experimenter is interested in generalizing to other levels of the independent variable, and the levels of the independent variable are randomly chosen.
A)fixed
B)random
C)mixed
D)repeated-measures
Q3) The degrees of freedom for the interaction are
A)1
B)2
C)42
D)47
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing boys and girls in the interaction, which of the following is true?
A)boys do better on Cylert and girls do better on Ritalin
B)boys do better on Ritalin and girls do better on Cylert
C)there is a significant difference in short-term memory between girls on Cylert and boys on Ritalin
D)none of the above
Q2) For the girls, the results of Tukey's test for in the interaction revealed
A)Ritalin worked best
B)Cylert worked best
C)The placebo worked best
D)none of the above
Q3) When checking for the significance of a main effect, the degrees of freedom for the numerator are the
A)number of levels of the main effect
B)number of levels of the main effect minus 1
C)number of levels of the main effect times 2
D)degrees of freedom for the denominator minus 1
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Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The df for the interaction is A)1
B)2 C)3
D)54 E)59
Q2) The df for the interaction is A)1 B)2 C)3 D)24 E)29
Q3) The SS for the interaction is A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
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Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)people preferred the orthopedist significantly more at p < .02
B)people preferred the orthopedist significantly more at p < .001
C)people preferred the chiropractor more at p < .05
D)there was no significant difference between the two according to people's preference
Q2) The expected cell frequency for the people living after atherectomy is
A)562.62
B)499.00
C)387
D)56.62
Q3) The degrees of freedom for this chi-square problem are
A)1
B)2
C)5
D)200
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Signal detection theory can be graphically represented by a A)scatterplot
B)receiver operating curve
C)histogram
D)bar graph
Q2) In linear discriminant function analysis, the criterion variable
A)is usually dichotomous
B)is usually continuous
C)is an a priori assumption by the experimenter
D)all of the above
E)a and c
Q3) Which of the following is true about a multivariate analysis of variance?
A)one or more independent variables, one or more dependent variables
B)two or more independent variables, with one or more levels of each independent variable
C)one or more independent variables, two or more dependent variables
D)all of the above are true
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