Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences introduces foundational statistical concepts and techniques essential for analyzing data in psychology, sociology, and related fields. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability theory, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), all within the context of behavioral science research. Students will learn to select appropriate statistical tests, interpret results, and apply findings to real-world behavioral data, fostering both analytical skills and an appreciation for evidence-based practice. Emphasis is placed on understanding both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of statistics, preparing students for advanced study and professional work in the behavioral sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 2nd Edition by Gregory J. Privitera
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18 Chapters
1399 Verified Questions
1399 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3750
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74726
Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the variable in an experiment that is manipulated between conditions being observed.
A)independent variable
B)quasi-independent variable
C)dependent variable
Answer: A
Q2) A social psychologist wants to study the expression of love toward a significant other among American family members.To study this behavior,the psychologist selects a group of local college students and has them complete a love survey.In this example,the group of local college students is the sample.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A researcher observes the number of tasks completed by male and female participants during a multitasking observation period.In this example,sex (male,female)is the quasi-independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in
Tables and Graphs
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize quantitative,continuous data?
A)histogram
B)frequency polygon
C)ogive
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) A histogram is basically a bar chart where the bars do not touch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A histogram is used to summarize grouped data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Cumulative percent data can be summarized using an ogive.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Summarizing Data: Central Tendency
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher records the following scores: 5,3,7,6,2,8,0,and 1.In terms of these data,the sum of the squared differences of scores from their mean is
A)0
B)8
C)32
D)60
Answer: D
Q2) A researcher records the following data for the number of complaints filed (per day)following a controversial policy change at a local business: 3,8,5,0,4,6,2,1,1,4,2,and 0.Is the mean equal to the median in this example?
A)Yes.
B)No;the median is larger than the mean.
C)No;the mean is larger than the median.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.
Answer: C
Q3) The numerator of the sample mean and the population mean is the same.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Summarizing Data: Variability
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An interquartile range removes
A)the top and bottom 25% of scores in a distribution before calculating range
B)scores above only the 75th percentile before calculating range
C)scores below only the 25th percentile before calculating range
D)all of the above
Q2) A reason for squaring deviations to compute SS in the numerator includes which of the following?
A)The sum of the differences of scores from their mean is zero.
B)The sum of the squared differences of scores from their mean is minimal.
C)Squaring scores can be corrected easily by square rooting.
D)all of the above
Q3) A researcher records the following scores for attention during a video game task for two samples.Which sample has the largest standard deviation?
Sample A: 10,12,14,16,and 18
Sample B: 20,24,28,32,and 36
A)Sample A
B)Sample B
C)Both samples have the same standard deviation.
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Chapter 5: Probability
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher finds that 20 of 120 students failed an exam.In this case,the probability of failing this exam was
A).14
B).17
C).20
D)unknown
Q2) If the variance of a probability distribution is 121,then the standard deviation is A)121
B)21
C)12
D)11
Q3) The sample space is equal to the total number of random outcomes possible for a random variable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The expected value of a random variable can be thought of as a "long-term" mean.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Probability, Normal Distributions, and Z Scores
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a normal distribution a score of 8 will always be more probable than a score of 0.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A distribution of z scores are distributed in what type of unit of measurement?
A)Binomial outcomes
B)Probabilities
C)Standard deviation units
D)Depends on the shape of the distribution
Q3) In a normal distribution,50% of all data:
A)fall above the mean
B)fall below the median
C)fall above and below the mode
D)all of the above
Q4) The standard normal distribution is normally distributed with a mean of ____ and a variance of ____.
A)0;1
B)1;0
C)any value;any positive value
D)any positive value;any value
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Chapter 7: Probability and Sampling Distributions
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regardless of the distribution of the population,the sampling distribution of sample means will be approximately normally distributed.What characteristic of the mean explains this?
A)unbiased estimator
B)central limit theorem
C)minimal variance
D)none of the above
Q2) The central limit theorem states that the sample mean will equal the population mean on average.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sample variance is an unbiased estimator of the population variance
A)when dividing SS by n
B)when dividing SS by df
C)when dividing SS by n ñ 1
D)both B and C
Q4) If data are reported as 12 ± 20 (M ± SEM),then the standard error of the mean is equal to 20.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and
Power
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cohen's d is a measure of how far mean scores have shifted in a population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher obtains z = 3.98 for a one-sample z test.If her decision is to retain the null hypothesis,then what do you know about her decision?
A)Her decision was inconclusive.
B)Her decision was based on a two-tailed test.
C)Her decision resulted in a Type III error.
D)both A and B
Q3) Rejecting a true null hypothesis is a Type I error.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As sample size increases,the power to detect an effect increases. A)True
B)False
Q5) The alpha level is basically the same thing as the p value.
A)True
B)False
10
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Chapter 9: Testing Means: One-Sample and
Two-Independent Sample T Tests
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher conducts a study and concludes that a new behavioral health treatment program significantly reduces one's risk for disease compared with risk levels in the general population (d = -0.64).Interpret the size of this effect.
A)64% of the variability in risk level can be accounted for by the new treatment. B)64% of the new treatment can be accounted for by the risk levels.
C)Risk levels in the population shifted 0.64 standard deviations below the mean. D)Risk levels in the population shifted 0.64 standard deviations above the mean.
Q2) A local elementary school determined that the average number of volunteers for their "Step into Spring" annual fundraiser has been 14 persons on average (per event).After taking additional measures to recruit volunteers this year,they got 28 people to volunteer.Test whether these additional measures increased the number of volunteers at a .05 level of significance.
A)Yes,because the number of volunteers doubled;this is a significant increase.
B)No,this is not a significant increase because the error term is too large.
C)This would have been significant if it were a two-tailed test.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.
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Chapter 10: Testing Means: Related Samples T Test
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79 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The repeated measures design,but not the matched-pairs design,is associated with greater power to detect an effect compared with the independent samples design.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The related samples design can ________ the power to detect an effect by making the standard error ________.
A)increase;smaller B)increase;larger C)decrease;smaller D)decrease;minimal
Q3) The decision is to reject the null hypothesis for the following related samples t test: t(23)= 3.02,p < .05 (d = .18).
A)True
B)False
Q4) As the value of the test statistic for a related samples t test increases,the likelihood of deciding to retain the null hypothesis also increases.
A)True
B)False
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12
Chapter 11: Estimation and Confidence Intervals
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher reports with 90% confidence that 31% to 37% of Americans believe in ghosts.What is the point estimate for this interval?
A)31%
B)34%
C)37%
D)31% to 37%
Q2) A point estimate is typically reported with an interval estimate.Why?
A)Using only a point estimate is associated with low certainty.
B)The interval estimate gives researchers a higher level of confidence.
C)The interval estimate adds certainty to the estimate of the population mean.
D)all of the above
Q3) If the value stated by a null hypothesis is ________ the confidence interval,then the decision would have likely been to retain the null hypothesis.
A)inside
B)outside
Q4) The estimated standard error is used in the formula to estimate the population mean for the one-sample t.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: One-Way
Between-Subjects Design
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an assumption for computing a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A)The population being sampled from is normally distributed.
B)Participants were selected to participate using a random procedure.
C)One observation has no effect on the likelihood of another observation.
D)all of the above
Q2) The degrees of freedom for error is called
A)degrees of freedom error
B)degrees of freedom denominator
C)degrees of freedom within-groups
D)all of the above
Q3) Cohen's d is the most commonly reported measure of effect size for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The degrees of freedom for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA is the sample size minus one.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects
Repeated Measures Design
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which source of variation is computed using a one-way within-subjects ANOVA,but not a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A)between-groups variation
B)within-groups variation
C)between-persons variation
D)error variation
Q2) A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 3 and n = 10.What is the critical value for this test at a .05 level of significance?
A)3.16
B)5.48
C)4.41
D)3.55
Q3) A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA using a sample of 8 participants.If the degrees of freedom error is 14,then how many groups were included in this study?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
15
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Chapter 14: Analysis of Variance: Two-Way
Between-Subjects Factorial Design
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher randomly assigns different participants to each combination of levels for two factors.In this example,a two-way between-subjects ANOVA is appropriate to analyze the data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Using the two-way mixed ANOVA,different participants are observed at each level of the between-subjects factor,and the same participants are observed across the levels of the within-subjects factor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are ____ cells or groups in a 3 \(\times\) 4 ANOVA design.
A)3
B)4
C)7
D)12
Q4) Computing a two-way between-subjects ANOVA is appropriate when A)different participants are assigned to each group or cell B)the same participants are observed across groups or cells
C)the levels of two or more factors are manipulated
D)both A and C
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Chapter 15: Correlation
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three assumptions for a correlation are homoscedasticity,linearity,and normality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The correlation coefficient is used to measure the ________ and ________ of the linear relationship between two factors.
A)date;time
B)mean;variance
C)significance;effect size
D)strength;direction
Q3) The point-biserial correlation coefficient is used to measure the correlation between two dichotomous variables.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following indicates the strongest correlation?
A)r = -0.57
B)r = +0.78
C)r = -0.90
D)r = +0.88
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Chapter 16: Linear Regression and Multiple Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher computes an analysis of regression with 1 and 18 degrees of freedom.If F = 4.05,then the decision will be that X is a significant predictor of variation in Y.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher computes an analysis of regression with 1 and 25 degrees of freedom.If F = 5.34,then the decision will be that X is a significant predictor of variation in Y.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A statistical method that includes two or more predictor variables in the equation of a regression line to predict changes in a criterion variable is called
A)analysis of variance
B)standard error of estimate
C)residual regression
D)multiple regression
Q4) The slope (b)is a measure of the change in Y relative to the change in X.
A)True
B)False
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18
Chapter 17: Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The observed frequencies can be summarized,
A)in a table
B)in a figure
C)in the main text
D)all of the above
Q2) The phi coefficient can be used to estimate the effect size of a 2 \(\times\) 2 chi-square test for independence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When the chi-square test for independence is significant,this indicates that two variables are related.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Homogeneity of variance is one assumption for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Parametric tests are often called distribution-free tests.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the test statistic for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is equal to or smaller than the critical value,we reject the null hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For a Mann-Whitney U test,the more lopsided the dispersion of scores between groups,the more likely we are to reject the null hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A researcher computes the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test.She finds that the sum of positive ranks is 56 and the sum of negative ranks is 22.What is the value of the test statistic,T?
A)22
B)34
C)56
D)78
Q4) The null hypothesis for the Kruskal-Wallis H test is that scores above and below the median are equal.
A)True
B)False
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