Statistics for Social Sciences Test
Bank
Course Introduction
Statistics for Social Sciences explores fundamental statistical concepts and methods as they apply to the analysis of social data. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and the interpretation of data within real-world social science contexts. Designed for students in fields such as sociology, psychology, political science, and education, it emphasizes understanding and applying statistical reasoning to examine trends, patterns, and relationships in social phenomena, equipping students with practical skills to critically evaluate research and make data-driven decisions in their respective disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
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Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics Its up to You
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a collection of information also called?
A)data set
B)sample statistic
C)descriptive statistic
D)population subset
Answer: A
Q2) All members of a sample are members of the population.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Descriptive and inferential statistics work hand in hand, and which one you use and when depends on ______.
A)the question you want answered
B)the methods you choose for investigation
C)the sample you select
D)the population you choose
Answer: A
Q4) Define descriptive statistics.
Answer: Descriptive statistics are used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data.
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Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
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Q1) Your current exam mean is 93.2.If you receive an 87 on the next exam, this will have the effect of ______.
A)increasing your mean
B)decreasing your mean
C)having no effect on your mean
D)cannot determine
Answer: B
Q2) What is the mean value of the following scores: 117, 132, 147, 156, 196?
A)151.2
B)149.6
C)147.0
D)148.7
Answer: B
Q3) Which measure of central tendency is also known as the midpoint for a set of scores?
A)mode
B)mean
C)median
D)sum
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three tools used to assess variability?
A)range, standard deviation, and variance
B)mean, median, and mode
C)variance, range, and mean
D)mean, standard deviation, and skewness
Answer: A
Q2) Define variability.
Answer: Variability reflects how scores differ from one another.It is also a measure of how different scores are from the mean.
Q3) What is the range for the following set of scores: 20, 24, 26, 22, 18, 16, 18?
A)10
B)11
C)12
D)13
Answer: A
Q4) A standard deviation equal to 0 indicates no variance in your data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
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Sample Questions
Q1) Should a chart alone convey what we often want to say?
A)no
B)yes
C)probably
D)not sure
Q2) If you wanted to depict trends in ice cream sales over the four seasons, what kind of chart would you use?
A)histogram
B)line chart
C)pie chart
D)bar chart
Q3) What is the frequency distribution that shows frequencies for class intervals, along with the cumulative frequency for each?
A)frequency distribution
B)frequency polygon
C)cumulative frequency distribution
D)midpoint
Q4) What is a frequency distribution?
Q5) What is a histogram?
Q6) Describe the process of creating a class interval.
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Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the formula for the Pearson correlation coefficient, what is the difference between the sum of a set of values squared and the sum of the squared values?
Q2) Which of the following correlations would be interpreted a strong relationship?
A).39
B).59
C).79
D).89
Q3) If variables change in the opposite direction, what type of correlation is this called?
A)positive correlation
B)negative correlation
C)positive causation
D)negative causation
Q4) What is the purpose of a scatterplot?
Q5) Which of the following refers to a correlation between two variables?
A)bicorrelate
B)bivariate
C)two-way variance
D)two-way analysis
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Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parallel forms reliability is an example of which of the following?
A)measure of consistency
B)measure of stability
C)measure of agreement
D)measure of equivalence
Q2) What is the key to establishing criterion validity?
A)number of criteria
B)quality of criterion
C)type of correlation
D)predictive ability
Q3) Which coefficient reflects the occurrence of perfect reliability?
A)1.00
B).5
C).100
D)2.00
Q4) For high reliability, you want to reliability coefficients to be positive and as close as possible to 1.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name four types of reliability and what they measure.
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Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A statement that postulates a relationship between variables is referred to as a
A)research hypothesis
B)null hypothesis
C)definitive hypothesis
D)postulative hypothesis
Q2) If you were to hypothesize that there is no relationship between reaction time and problem-solving abilities, you would have a ______.
A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Q3) Hypothesis testing relates to _______.
A)the sample
B)the population
C)multiple populations
D)samples and populations
Q4) Why is it important to have a precise and clear research question?
Q5) According to the book, what are five characteristics of a well-written hypothesis?
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Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal Probability and Why It
Counts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are there no pluses and minuses on the z score table?
Q2) What type of standard score has M = 0 and SD = 1?
A)IQ score
B)T score
C)x score
D)z score
Q3) Why is it important that the tails of a normal curve never touch the x-axis?
Q4) When the left tail of a distribution's curve is longer the right, what is this called?
A)platykurtic
B)leptokurtic
C)positive skew
D)negative skew
Q5) In order to say that a distribution is positively skewed, which of the following must be true?
A)right tail must be longer than left
B)right tail must be shorter than left
C)right and left tail must be equal
D)curve must be bell shaped
Q6) Are distributions always normal?
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Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we reject the null hypothesis, it suggests that ______.
A)The obtained value is more extreme than the critical value.
B)The obtained value is smaller than the critical value.
C)The obtained value is the same as the critical value.
D)There is a difference between the obtained value and the critical value.
Q2) What is the difference between Type I error and Type II error?
Q3) There is always the possibility of error in statistics because the _______ is not directly tested.
A)population
B)sample
C)significance
D)probability
Q4) After you compare the obtained value with the critical value, you ______.
A)provide a statement of the null hypothesis
B)set the level of significance
C)compute the test statistic value
D)reject the null hypothesis if the obtained value is more extreme than the critical value
Q5) Why does the researcher never really know the true nature of the null hypothesis?
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Chapter 10: Only the Lonely: The One Sample Z-Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) A one-sample Z-test can be used to compare the mean of two samples.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Write the formula of a directional or nondirectional research hypothesis for the following research problem: The Geography Department is interested in finding out if the average GPA of this year's graduating seniors is comparable to the average GPA of graduating seniors over the last 40 years.
Q3) If the obtained value is not higher than the critical value, we ______.
A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)accept all hypotheses
D)reject all hypotheses
Q4) In the statement z = 3.14, p < .05, which of the following interpretations is true?
A)There is a significant difference between the sample value and the population.
B)There is a marginally significant difference between the sample value and the population.
C)There is not a significant difference between the sample value and the population.
D)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
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Chapter 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on the equation: t = 5.15, p < .01, what is right choice in the following?
A)group 1= 21; group 2= 21
B)group 1= 22; group 2= 22
C)group 1= 20; group 2= 20
D)group 1=23; group 2= 23
Q2) What does the number 58 represent in the following: t = 2.001, p < .05?
A)Test statistic
B)t value
C)Degrees of freedom
D)Significance level
Q3) Which major assumption of the t-test deals with the amount of variability in each group?
A)variables normally distributed
B)sample chosen at random
C)scores are independent
D)variances are equal
Q4) What are you assuming when you use the simple formula for effect size?
Q5) Why do we calculate effect size?
Q6) What is the simplest way to compute an effect size?
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Chapter 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early education researchers can match two classrooms from different school districts and analyze their hypothesis with a dependent-samples t-test, even if they are not careful about the characteristics of each classroom.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The t-test for dependent means is also known as the t-test for doubled samples.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 114 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.
A)113
B)112
C)114
D)115
Q4) In the equation t = 1.03, p < .01, what does t represent?
A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level
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Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many Try Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The variability within groups is due to _______.
A)chance
B)the grouping factor
C)the F ratio
D)the level of the dependent variable
Q2) If your MSb tw n is higher than your MSw th n, your F value will be _______.
A)higher
B)lower
C)the same
D)zero
Q3) Pairwise comparisons can be used in order to determine whether there are significant differences between specific groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A simple analysis of variance is used to study participants who are tested _______.
A)only once
B)only twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more
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Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of
Variancea Brief Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) You wish to examine the impact of two different types of music (pop music and jazz music) and pet food served (wet food and dry food) on how often cats glare at their owners.Which of the following tests is appropriate to use?
A)factorial ANOVA
B)t-test for dependent samples
C)t-test for independent samples
D)one-way ANOVA
Q2) What three questions can you answer by doing a 2 × 2 factorial analysis?
Q3) If you wanted to examine whether television viewing through social learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., first, second, third, etc.), what is the independent variable of interest?
A)grade level
B)television viewing
C)students
D)school
Q4) Interaction effects are between independent variables.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a factorial ANOVA?
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Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends Testing
Relationships Using Correlation Coefficient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write an example of a null hypothesis for a t-test for the correlation coefficient.
Q2) Which of the following indicates a significant correlation?
A)p = .21
B)p < .05
C)p < .20
D)p < .50
Q3) If a simple Pearson correlation value = .512, what percentage of variance is accounted for?
A)26%
B)49%
C)51%
D)74%
Q4) What is the most important characteristic of a correlation coefficient?
A)number of variables included
B)absolute value
C)one tailed
D)two tailed
Q5) What are the eight steps involved when examining a research question?
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Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using
Linear Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Not all lines that are the best fit for a bunch of data points are straight.Rather, they could be _______.
A)linear
B)invalid
C)curvilinear
D)parallel-linear
Q2) A positive trend line is associated with what type of slope?
A)negative slope
B)direct slope
C)positive slope
D)nondirectional slope
Q3) In linear regression, a regression equation is determined, which can be used to plot a regression line.
A)True
B)False
Q4) More accurate predictions are associated with ______.
A)correlations having higher absolute values
B)correlations having lower absolute values
C)correlations having higher values
D)correlations having lower values
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Chapter 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal:
CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parametric statistics are preferred when you are analyzing categorical variables. A)True
B)False
Q2) Statisticians have found that it takes a sample size of about _____ to fulfill the assumption of parametric statistics that the sample is large enough to represent the population.
A)60
B)30
C)25
D)20
Q3) In order to meet the sample assumption associated with parametric statistics, how many subjects do you need?
A)20
B)30
C)50
D)100
Q4) How do nonparametric statistics differ from parametric statistics?
Q5) How do you interpret = 18.9, p < .05?
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Q6) What is the difference between a one-sample and a two-sample chi-square test?
Chapter 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
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Q1) Multiple regression is a type of linear regression that includes more than one independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If you want to equalize initial differences between two groups before examining group differences, what procedure would you use?
A)ANOVA
B)ANCOVA
C)MANOVA
D)Repeated-measures ANOVA
Q3) Of the following, which procedure allows a researcher to explore how items on a particular measure cluster together?
A)correlation
B)factor analysis
C)path analysis
D)MANOVA
Q4) Give an example of a research situation where factor analysis would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
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Chapter 19: Data Mining: An Introduction to Getting the
Most Out of Your Big Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of data are used in this cross-tabulation tables?
A)reliable
B)ratio
C)categorical
D)ordinal
Q2) Crosstabs create a table by summarizing this type of data.
A)interval
B)ratio
C)categorical
D)real
Q3) What is the meaning of "quants?"
A)qualitative
B)quantitative
C)quality
D)quantity
Q4) These days, information is measured in _______, or about 1 quintillion bytes.
A)megabytes
B)exabytes
C)kilobytes
D)gigabytes
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Chapter 20: A Statistical Software Sampler
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, what is one of the most important things to remember when buying a statistics software package?
A)buy direct from the manufacturer
B)try before you buy
C)always buy shareware
D)share software packages with friends
Q2) PSPP is an open-source variant of SPSS.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statistical software packages is free?
A)PSPP
B)Minitab
C)SPSS
D)JMP
Q4) Minitab contains utilities that include ReportPad, which is a report generator.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The URL of a website will work consistently from day to day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which online source offers lots of stats stuff?
A)Google
B)Yahoo
C)YouTube
D)Facebook
Q3) Which website contains names including Galton, Fisher, and Spearman?
A)WWW virtual library
B)History of Statistics
C)SurfStat Australia
D)statistical reference datasets
Q4) You can find data sets through any of the following EXCEPT ______.
A)Statistical Reference Datasets
B)Numbers and More
C)U.S.Census Bureau
D)The Data and Story Library
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Chapter 22: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
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Q1) When you think about the type of data you are going to collect, it is also important to think about the _______ of the data.
A)source
B)predictions
C)estimations
D)observations
Q2) ______ when and where you will be collecting your data.
A)Develop a plan of
B)Do not depend on any individuals of
C)Plan a detailed schedule of
D)Plan a complex version of
Q3) You should always make a _______ of your data file and keep it in a separate location.
A)cleaner version
B)simpler version
C)duplicate version
D)more complex version
Q4) Always make a duplicate copy of the data file.
A)True
B)False
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