Course Introduction
Statistics for Psychology Review Questions
Statistics for Psychology introduces fundamental statistical concepts and techniques essential for analyzing and interpreting psychological data. The course covers descriptive statistics, probability theory, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and analysis of variance, all tailored to psychological research contexts. Emphasis is placed on understanding when and how to apply statistical methods, the interpretation of results, and the critical evaluation of statistical findings in published research. Students will develop practical skills in selecting appropriate statistical tests, using statistical software, and reporting findings according to standard psychological conventions.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick
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L. Coolidge
Page 2
Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the set of numbers 2, 3, 5, the value of \(\Sigma\)x<sup>2</sup> would be equal to A)38
B)100
C)10
Answer: A
Q2) Anxiety was measured in a group of anxious elderly patients who were divided into two groups.One group received a new anti-anxiety drug and the other a placebo.The operational definition of the dependent variable is
A)anxiety
B)not specified
C)anxious elderly patients
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study by Micceri of 440 large-sample distributions, what percentages were significantly different from the true normal distribution?
A)54%
B)79%
C)92%
D)100%
Answer: D
Q2) The main difference between a bar graph and a histogram is A)two-dimensional bars instead of three-dimensional bars
B)vertical instead of a horizontal presentation
C)bar graphs have spaces between bars and histograms don't D)they are identical in every aspect
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to the mean and the median values of the previous set of scores, which of the following is true?
A)the median is lower than the mean, suggesting a negative skew
B)the median is lower than the mean, suggesting a positive skew
C)the standard deviation is lower than the variance, suggesting a positive skew
D)both b and c are correct
Answer: B
Q2) What is the median of the advertising expenses (rounded to a whole number)?
A)$3284
B)$3285
C)$1975
D)$3241
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis
Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a person with an SAT quantitative score of 600, his or her z score would be
A)-1.00
B)0.00
C)1.00
D)2.00
Q2) From what negative z score to what positive z score would cut off the middle .9500 of the z distribution?
A)± 1.64
B)± 1.96
C)± 2.00
D)± 1.00
Q3) What proportion of scores on a z distribution falls between a z score of -1.96 and 1.96?
A).3413
B).6826
C).7500
D).9500
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Page 6
Chapter
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about correlational designs?
A)Finding a relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other but could give clues to set up experiments where causality may be determined.
B)Finding a relationship between two variables NEVER means that one causes the other.
C)Correlational designs are not very common.
D)Correlational designs are more powerful than a controlled experiment.
Q2) When findings in an experiment do not reach the conventional level of statistical significance, they are reported to be ___________.
A)nonsignificant
B)insignificant
C)significant
D)unworthy
Q3) The probability of committing the Type II error is also called ___________.
A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)omega
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Page 7
Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ assumption is met if, in a scatterplot, the distance from the points to the line is relatively equal all along the line.
A)homoscedasticity
B)linearity
C)curvilinearity
D)heterolinearity
Q2) The ____________ correlation gives an estimate of the degree of relationship between two dichotomous variables.
A)Pearson
B)Spearman
C)point-biserial
D)phi
Q3) According to the text, a correlational analysis _________
A)sometimes provides clues about cause-effect relationships
B)often provides clues about cause-effect relationships
C)never provides clues about cause-effect relationships
D)is relatively useless compared to controlled experiments
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Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived t value (either + or -) for this problem is
A)0.708
B)0.378
C)0.333
D)0.05
Q2) The value of the numerator (either or -) in the t test formula for this problem is
A)0.378
B)6.67
C)7.00
D).051
Q3) The value of the numerator in the t formula for this problem (either or -) is
A)3.058
B)55.33
C)62.67
D)7.33
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9
Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived t value (either + or -) from the formula is
A)5.00
B)7.87
C)3.44
D).05
Q2) Which of the following is not a name for the dependent t test?
A)repeated-measures t test
B)paired-samples t test
C)correlated t test
D)multiple t test
Q3) The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately
A)0.08
B)4.50
C)4.42
D).333
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10
Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way to determine the effect size in ANOVA is
A)omega-squared
B)F squared
C)alpha-squared
D)beta-squared
Q2) The procedures of ANOVA were primarily developed by
A)Galton
B)Pearson
C)Fisher
D)Gosset
Q3) The significance level for this problem is
A)p < .01
B)p < .10
C)p > .05
D)p > .001
Q4) Which of the following can be concluded about this experiment?
A)There are differences in weight loss among the groups.
B)There are no differences in weight loss among the groups.
C)One group was superior to the other groups in weight loss.
D)Two of the groups were better than the other groups in weight loss.
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) The value of N in the Tukey's HSD formula for the above problem is A)8
B)16
C)32
D)40
Q2) Based on Tukey's HSD results, all but one of the following is true.Which is not a true statement?
A)The no-music condition produced the greatest sales.
B)The soft rock condition produced the second best sales.
C)There were no differences in sales between soft rock, classical, and jazz.
Q3) Tukey's HSD value for Problem 1 would be
A)5.45
B)3.90
C)4.91
D)4.80
Q4) A harmonic mean is used instead of the arithmetic mean when
A)there are an unequal number of scores in each group
B)the scores are not harmonic
C)the standard deviations are unequal
D)the homogeneity of variance assumption has been violated
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for SSS are A)3
B)6 C)27
D)35
Q2) The error term sum of squares (SSW) for this problem is
A)8,524,828.52
B)784,628.05
C)24,869.08
D)2,344.57
Q3) The degrees of freedom for SSW are A)3
B)18
C)24
D)35
Q4) The degrees of freedom for SST are A)3
B)6
C)27 D)35
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phrase "completely randomized" indicates that A)the dependent variable has been completely randomized B)the results are completely randomized C)the participants have been randomly assigned to the groups D)the blocks have been randomized to the degrees of freedom
Q2) The sums of squares for drug levels are
A)0.42
B)40.83
C)593.43
D)141.90
Q3) In a 2 × 3 × 4 ANOVA, the interaction will compare how many means? A)9 B)24 C)3 D)4
Q4) The F value for drug levels is A)0.16
B)7.77
C)112.92
D)0.42
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Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because there are only two possible hypothesis testing outcomes (significant or not) and there are two main effects and an interaction in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, then there are ____ possible outcomes.
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
Q2) A significant main effect always requires a post hoc analysis
A)if there are more than two levels
B)if there are only two levels
C)even if there is only one level of the main effect
D)when the interaction is not significant
Q3) In the graphic plot of an interaction in factorial ANOVA, parallel lines indicate
A)a significant interaction
B)a nonsignificant interaction
C)two significant main effects and a significant interaction
D)two nonsignificant main effects and a nonsignificant interaction
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Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Q1) The correction for the mean (CM) is
A)1540.267
B)273.067
C)10.033
D)9.033
E)463.733
Q2) The df for the sessions factor is A)1
B)2
C)3
D)54
E)59
Q3) The CM is
A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
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Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Q1) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)2.53
B)17.16
C)6.09
D)3.84
Q2) A nonparametric statistical test has _____ power compared to a parametric statistical test.
A)more
B)less
C)the same
D)about the same
Q3) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)a greater percentage of men than women married for love
B)a greater percentage of women than men married for love
C)more women married for love
D)more men married for money
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of multivariate statistics?
A)almost always computed by computer programs
B)can be easily computed by the average calculator
C)there are few debates about their use and interpretation
D)all of the above are true
Q2) Which of the following is not true of ANCOVA?
A)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables
B)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables on the independent variable
C)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables on the dependent variable
D)covaries the effect of one or more confounding variables
Q3) The statistical object of cluster analysis is to minimize _______ variation and maximize variation between _________.
A)within-group; groups
B)group; subjects
C)subject; confounding variables
D)trend; cycles
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