Statistics for Behavioral Sciences
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Statistics for Behavioral Sciences introduces students to the fundamental concepts and techniques of statistical analysis as applied to research in psychology, sociology, education, and related fields. The course covers descriptive statistics, probability, sampling methods, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and analysis of variance. Emphasis is placed on understanding how to design experiments, interpret data, and critically evaluate research findings within the behavioral sciences. Students will gain practical skills in using statistical software and in communicating statistical results, preparing them for evidence-based decision making and further study in the discipline.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An experimenter defines "consumer assertion" as the total number of products that a consumer has returned for his or her money back in a 1-year period.This definition in statistics is
A)a confounding variable
B)a definitional periodicity
C)an operational definition
D)a continuous but discrete definition
E)measurement "error"
Answer: C
Q2) The capital Greek letter \(\Sigma\)indicates that the reader should _______ a set of numbers.
A)add
B)subtract
C)multiply
D)divide
E)calculate
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Figure 2.3 (truck brands), the major problem of the presentation was
A)cutting off the bottom 95% of the bars' heights
B)hiding the brand names of the competing trucks
C)too many useless colors
D)meaningless three-dimensional bars
E)all of the above
Answer: A
Q2) In a frequency distribution table where a majority of the frequencies are 1, the best solution would be to
A)group the data into intervals
B)use cumulative frequency as the dependent variable
C)use percentages instead of frequencies
D)use a frequency polygon
E)all of the above would be acceptable solutions
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the range of the previous set of scores?
A)18
B)64
C)46
D)490
Answer: C
Q2) With respect to the mean and the median values of the previous set of scores, which of the following is true?
A)the median is lower than the mean, suggesting a negative skew
B)the median is lower than the mean, suggesting a positive skew
C)the standard deviation is lower than the variance, suggesting a positive skew
D)both b and c are correct
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) From what negative z score to what positive z score would cut off the middle .6826 of the z distribution?
A)± 1.64
B)± 1.96
C)± 2.00
D)± 1.00
Q2) To create a single standard score, one must take any number in a set of numbers and ___________ the mean of the set of numbers and ___________ by the standard deviation of those numbers.
A)add; divide
B)subtract; add
C)subtract; divide
D)add; multiply
Q3) What essential properties are necessary to make a score a standard score?
A)mean and standard deviation
B)median and standard deviation
C)a normative sample of at least 30 participants
D)standard deviation and variance
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Chapter
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trend in the data means that the experimenter
A)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .05
B)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .01
C)did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so D)none of the above
Q2) The probability of committing the Type I error is also called
A)alpha
B)beta C)delta D)omega
Q3) In the section "Can Statistics Solve Every Problem?" your course author argues
A)True B)False
Q4) The probability of committing the Type II error is also called ___________. A)alpha B)beta C)delta D)omega
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abelson's first law of statistics is
A)correlation never implies causation
B)correlation sometimes implies causation
C)chance is lumpy
D)if something is too good to be true, it probably is too good to be true
Q2) The ____________ correlation gives an estimate of the degree of relationship between two dichotomous variables.
A)Pearson
B)Spearman
C)point-biserial
D)phi
Q3) According to the text, what are the consequences of the Type I error in the Mozart effect?
A)benign
B)horrible
C)could lead to mental disturbances
D)more classical musicians
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8
Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Q2) The value of the numerator in the t formula for this problem (either or -) is
A)3.058
B)55.33
C)62.67
D)7.33
Q3) Are the mean percentages significantly different?
A)yes, at p < .05
B)yes, at p < .01
C)yes, at p < .001
D)no, at p > .05
Q4) What significance level should be reported?
A)p < .05
B)p < .01
C)p < .001
D)p > .05
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Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) One drawback of dependent t test designs versus independent t test designs is the degrees of freedom.Given the same number of participants in both designs, which has the greater degrees of freedom?
A)dependent
B)independent
C)they are equal
Q2) Which of the following is not a name for the dependent t test?
A)repeated-measures t test
B)paired-samples t test
C)correlated t test
D)multiple t test
Q3) Design 3 of the dependent t test controls for the
A)order of presentation
B)regression effect
C)diminishing effect
D)abuse of power
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Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The F value for this problem is
A)1150.75
B)436.75
C)1587.50
D)24.591
Q2) The significance level for this problem is
A)p < .01
B)p < .10
C)p > .05
D)p > .001
Q3) The degrees of freedom for the numerator (df<sub>1</sub>) is
A)3
B)24
C)27
D)28
Q4) The degrees of freedom for the numerator (df<sub>1</sub>) is A)3
B)28
C)31
D)1
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on Tukey's HSD results, all but one of the following is true.Which is not a true statement?
A)The no-music condition produced the greatest sales.
B)The soft rock condition produced the second best sales.
C)There were no differences in sales between soft rock, classical, and jazz.
Q2) Tukey's HSD value for Problem 1 would be A)5.45
B)3.90
C)4.91
D)4.80
Q3) The value of q in the appendix for Tukey's q values is A)3.90
B)4.91
C)3.85 D)4.80
Q4) The value of r in the appendix for Tukey's q values is A)2 B)4
C)8
D)32
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correction for the mean (CM) for this problem is A)2,544,660.03
B)785,342.02
C)26,958.60
D)4,038.57
Q2) The degrees of freedom for SSW are A)3
B)18
C)24
D)35
Q3) The degrees of freedom for SSB are A)3
B)18
C)24
D)35
Q4) The sum of squares for treatments (SSB) for this problem is A)285,285.94
B)5,948,285.98
C)82,485.38
D)9,064.68
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for the interaction are A)1
B)2
C)42 D)47
Q2) The sums of squares for gender are A)0.42
B)40.83
C)593.43
D)141.90
Q3) The sums of squares for the interaction are A)0.42
B)40.83
C)593.43
D)141.90
Q4) The sums of squares for the interaction are A)45.38
B)615.13
C)935.31
D)157.63
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Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Sample Questions
Q1) When checking for the significance of a main effect, the degrees of freedom for the numerator are the
A)number of levels of the main effect
B)number of levels of the main effect minus 1
C)number of levels of the main effect times 2
D)degrees of freedom for the denominator minus 1
Q2) The q value at p = .05 for Tukey's HSD test for the main effect for drug levels is
A)3.44
B)4.37
C)3.79
D)4.70
Q3) In an effect size analysis in a two-factor ANOVA for a main effect, k is equal to
A)the number of levels of the main effect
B)the number of levels times 2
C)the number of levels minus 2
D)the number of levels for the interaction
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15
Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The SS for trials is
A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
Q2) The correction for the mean (CM) is A)1540.267
B)273.067
C)10.033
D)9.033
E)463.733
Q3) The df for SST is A)1
B)2
C)3
D)24
E)29
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)3.94
B)1.09
C)5.69
D)6.09
Q2) The degrees of freedom for this chi-square problem are
A)1
B)2
C)5
D)200
Q3) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)an atherectomy is significantly more dangerous than a balloon angioplasty
B)a balloon angioplasty is significantly more dangerous than an atherectomy
C)an atherectomy is not significantly more dangerous than a balloon angioplasty
D)there is an insignificant difference between a balloon angioplasty and an atherectomy
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of multivariate statistics?
A)almost always computed by computer programs
B)can be easily computed by the average calculator
C)there are few debates about their use and interpretation
D)all of the above are true
Q2) Which of the following is not true of factor analysis?
A)there are an infinite number of correct solutions
B)it can be used to reduce the number of items on a test or measure
C)factor analysis designs are similar to ANOVA designs
D)in IQ research, it found a single "g" factor
Q3) The number of new verified cases of a disease in a year is called
A)prevalence
B)incidence
C)likelihood
D)number of new cases
Q4) A true negative is defined as
A)a test result is positive, and the patient actually has the condition
B)a test is negative, and the patient actually has the condition
C)a test is positive, and the patient doesn't have the condition
D)a test is negative, and the patient doesn't have the condition
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