Sport Policy and Governance
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Sport Policy and Governance explores the frameworks, structures, and processes that shape the management and regulation of sport at local, national, and international levels. The course examines the roles of government bodies, non-governmental organizations, and private stakeholders in the development and implementation of sport policies. Topics include the impact of policy on issues such as gender equity, doping, ethics, and commercialization in sport, as well as governance models, decision-making processes, and legal considerations. Students will analyze case studies to understand challenges and best practices in creating effective, transparent, and accountable sport organizations.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies12th Edition by Jay Coakley
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16 Chapters
828 Verified Questions
828 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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45 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sport facilities and programs are most likely to be supported by government agencies and tax money when people see sports as
A)promoting the development of individuals.
B)benefiting the expansion of particular businesses.
C)contributing to the common good.
D)reaffirming the status quo.
Answer: C
Q2) When the author says that the human body is social,this means that
A)muscular bodies have always been defined in positive ways.
B)all bodies are basically the same from one culture to another.
C)bodies have an essential physical quality that never changes.
D)meanings given to the body and body parts change over time.
Answer: D
Q3) One of the most hotly contested aspects of sports in society is
A)who plays sports under what conditions.
B)whether scientists should study sports.
C)the process for making up rules in specific games.
D)who can identify themselves athletes in relationships with others.
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
What Is the Role of Research and Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social theories are useful and practical because they A)justify our personal biases and enable us to put those biases into action.
B)prevent us from making decisions that could get us into trouble.
C)enable us to make sense out of life and learn from our experiences.
D)often impress other people who lack formal education and training.
Answer: C
Q2) Theories that explain what is known about the ways that people express their values,ideas,and beliefs are called
A)structural theories.
B)action theories.
C)cultural theories.
D)interactionist theories.
Answer: C
Q3) Social scientists generally collect data through the use of surveys,observations,and A)text analysis.
B)photographs and videos.
C)personal insights.
D)forensic methods.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) Some sociologists now study socialization as a community and cultural process.The research of these sociologists tends to focus on
A)the relationships between athletes and leaders in community politics.
B)sports as sites where people learn stories they use to make sense of their lives.
C)sports as art forms that are crucial entertainment activities in most communities.
D)the ways that sports secretly shape character and social life in societies.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of power and performance sports?
A)An emphasis on winning and setting records.
B)Proving excellence through competitive success.
C)Pushing human limits and dominating opponents.
D)Avoiding technology that might improve performance.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) Research shows that the existence of informal children's games requires A)that players have interpersonal skills and problem-solving abilities.
B)the existence of well-maintained play areas.
C)the availability of the proper equipment for every player.
D)that adults be available if they are needed to solve problems.
Q2) The majority of parents today in the U.S.
A)discourage their children from playing organized competitive sports.
B)encourage both their daughters and sons to play organized sports.
C)encourage their sons but not their daughters to play organized sports.
D)demand that their tax money be used to fund organized youth sports.
Q3) The Youth Sports National Report Card created by a panel of youth sports and child development experts issued grades for existing organized sport programs in 2005.The GPA across the five major topic areas was approximately
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the A)backgrounds of athletes,coaches,and spectators.
B)economics of sport.
C)moral characters of athletes and coaches.
D)meaning and organization of sports.
Q2) Sport programs that are designed as "interventions" for "at risk youth" are seldom successful because they
A)are managed by people who have no knowledge of crime and delinquency.
B)do nothing to change the conditions in which these youth live their lives.
C)attract the young people with the most serious criminal records.
D)force young people to reject the communities where they live.
Q3) Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are
A)twice as high as they are for comparable men in the society as a whole.
B)lower than rates in the general population in the case of property crimes.
C)highest among players who make the minimum salary in the NFL.
D)so low that they should not be considered as a problem.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: Does It Affect Our Lives
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Sample Questions
Q1) When playing power and performance sports boys and men learn that A)using violence will hurt their status on teams and in sports generally.
B)being violent will help them avoid labels such as "wimp" and "fag."
C)all forms of violence lead to punishments in games.
D)being able to take violence is good but giving it is bad.
Q2) When violence occurs in connection with widespread rejection of norms it often is described as anarchy;when it occurs in connection with blind obedience to norms and autocratic leaders,it is described as
A)revolution.
B)democracy.
C)fascism.
D)necessity.
Q3) According to the author,watching sports on television often leads viewers to be A)so hostile that it creates a context in which violence is common.
B)emotionally expressive,but not overtly violent.
C)targets of violence done by people who dislike sports.
D)angry and violent only when they are watching with a crowd.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) The celebrity feminism that is so often portrayed in the media clearly emphasizes
A)the everyday struggles of women in society as a whole.
B)the need to support men who are leaders in society.
C)individualism and consumption.
D)the importance of community development and political action.
Q2) When Title IX became law in 1972
A)most girls and women did not want to play sports of any kind.
B)men received about 99% of public school the resources devoted to sports.
C)more than 10% of all women in college played varsity sports.
D)most teams for boys and men were seriously under-funded.
Q3) Most female athletes today manage gender issues by
A)using a "reformed apologetic" to appear both tough and feminine.
B)wearing the same clothing that male athletes wear.
C)sharing sports equipment with men.
D)erasing the boundaries between masculinity and femininity.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Sample Questions
Q1) Racism is defined as attitudes,actions,and policies based on the belief that people in one racial category are
A)unique compared to people in other racial categories.
B)likely to dislike people in other racial categories.
C)likely to exert power over people in other racial categories.
D)inherently superior to people in one or more other categories.
Q2) When racial and ethnic exclusion are eliminated from sports,we can expect that A)new and different challenges will emerge related to managing diversity.
B)coaches and managers will no longer have to deal with diversity issues.
C)players will automatically become friends regardless of their backgrounds.
D)all forms of racial and ethnic stereotyping by players will disappear.
Q3) When people use continuous traits as a basis for identifying races,
A)it is clear that there are three major races.
B)there is no limit on the number of races that can be identified.
C)they assume that there are racial differences in athletic potential.
D)they base their racial classifications on scientific evidence.
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Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) After reading the chapter on social class and sports,it is clear that in recent years
A)women and ethnic minorities have taken over most sport organizations.
B)affirmative action has changed who obtains top management jobs in sports.
C)white men have retained power and control in sport organizations.
D)government rules have caused white males to lose power in sports.
Q2) As defined in the chapter,social class refers to
A)the social skills and sophistication of individuals in society.
B)groups of people who generally vote for the same candidates.
C)categories of people who share an economic position in society.
D)mythical ideas about economic inequalities and life chances.
Q3) When gender relations and class relations come together in people's lives which category of women is likely to have the highest sport participation rate?
A)Women from low-income households.
B)Women from upper-income households.
C)Women who work outside the home.
D)Women with active children over 8 years old.
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Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Q1) The Special Olympics is the most successful disability sport organization in the world.It sponsors and organizes over 50,000 competitions each year.The main criticism of the Special Olympics is that
A)the organization depends too much on the name and reputation of its founder.
B)there are not enough volunteers to sustain events year after year.
C)participants don't develop functional skills or become integrated into the community.
D)most people with an intellectual disability work full-time and can't participate.
Q2) The medical model of disability has remained popular for many years in the United States because
A)people with a disability are true victims of society.
B)medical technology can heal nearly all impairments.
C)people with a disability consider themselves to be inferior.
D)many people continue to accept ableist ideology.
Q3) Ableism is a perspective that leads people to overlook that
A)perfection is achieved only through hard work.
B)anyone can do whatever they want to do if they work hard.
C)achieving life goals often requires luck as well as intelligence.
D)variations in ability are a normal part of human existence.
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Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sport teams with the highest number of social media followers are located in A)Spain.
B)the United States.
C)Brazil.
D)China.
Q2) Professional sport teams in North America are privately owned.Most people who own the hundreds of minor league teams in North America
A)show annual profits that make team ownership a wise investment.
B)regularly lose money on their teams.
C)invest in sports because public subsidies enable them to make money.
D)use local business endorsements to make vast amounts of money.
Q3) The globalization of commercial sports is due in part to the fact that A)sport organizations are interested in expanding their markets.
B)athletes as a group like to travel to new places.
C)airlines are major corporate sponsors of pro sports worldwide.
D)immigration regulations have been loosened up in many countries today.
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Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fantasy sport leagues give media sport consumers an opportunity to put themselves in the position of
A)an owner of a sport team.
B)a top media executive.
C)a professional athlete.
D)a professional sports agent.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT provided by the media?
A)Entertainment.
B)Interpretation.
C)Information.
D)Deregulation.
Q3) As opposed to coverage in many other countries,the images and messages in televised sports in the U.S.tend to highlight
A)records,final scores,and competitive success.
B)teamwork and coach-athlete relationships.
C)the connection between fans in the stands and the athletes on the field.
D)the friendships between those who compete against each other in sports.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence
Sports
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Q1) As globalization has occurred,professional sport teams are
A)being moved from one continent to another without considering fans.
B)hiring fewer players who are not citizens of the team's country.
C)losing fans in their home countries.
D)increasingly owned by investors who are not citizens in the team's country.
Q2) Sports bring people together and create "emotional unity," but a sociological understanding of the significance of this unity requires that we ask questions about
A)the characteristics of the athletes who create this unity.
B)how the unity affects the performance of sport teams.
C)the long term political consequences of the unity.
D)the different types of unity created by men's and women's sports.
Q3) Government officials are most likely to use sports as a diplomatic tool when A)vital national interests are at stake.
B)they are negotiating crucial national and international policies.
C)there is a need for public expressions of unity between different nations.
D)national teams are strong and can dominate teams from other nations.
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Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the football team at Northwestern University petitioned the National Labor Relations Board to form a union,which of the following was not one of their goals?
A)To force the university to take player safety and head injuries more seriously.
B)To limit the hours that coaches could make them practice each week.
C)To have health insurance to cover football injuries after eligibility ends.
D)To be paid "fair market value" based on the revenues they produce.
Q2) When journalist H.
A)challenged traditional ideas about gender and gender roles.
B)reaffirmed traditional racial ideology among many whites.
C)led football players to be selfish and unconcerned about the team's fate.
D)led to a re-establishment of racial segregation in the schools.
E)Bissinger studied the football team in a well-known Texas high school,he found that high school football was organized in ways that
Q3) NCAA data show that graduation rates for athletes are generally lowest among
A)black male athletes in revenue producing sports.
B)white male athletes in minor sports.
C)all athletes in minor sports.
D)black female athletes in swimming and tennis.
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Chapter
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Q1) In the box, Allah's Will, the experiences of Ruqaya Al Ghasara from Bahrain show that some Muslim women avoid common objections to their participation in sports by
A)having their fathers or husbands serve as their coach.
B)obtaining sponsorships from large oil companies.
C)wearing athletic apparel that covers their bodies and hair.
D)competing in events held in non-Muslim countries.
Q2) Robert Higgs argues that the combination of sports and Christian beliefs has led religion to become "muscularized" in a way that emphasizes
A)pleasure and pain.
B)discipline and duty.
C)humility and social responsibility.
D)goodness and kindness.
Q3) The major religious-sport organizations in the U.S.tend to
A)work hard on social issues and creating social change.
B)be comprised of both Muslims and Christians.
C)attract immigrants who come from Catholic countries.
D)emphasize conservative,fundamentalist Christian orientations.
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Chapter 16: Sports in the Future: What Do We Want
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Q1) Few people have radical goals for changing sports because people who support radical goals usually
A)avoid sports because they don't like physical activities.
B)focus on changing living conditions more than changing sports.
C)believe that sports are unrelated to the rest of society.
D)avoid confrontation in their lives.
Q2) The legendary snowboarder Terje Haakonsen felt that spending years perfecting a specialized skill to conform to a single definition of technical perfection in the Olympics
A)was a goal he could not accomplish.
B)was the foundation for all joy in sports.
C)would win medals in the short run but not the long run.
D)would destroy the basis for fun in his sport.
Q3) The classic embodiment of power and performance sports is
A)Ultimate Frisbee.
B)co-rec softball.
C)international cricket.
D)American football.
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